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Biometric recognition is one of the most popular person authentication schemes than any other recognition approaches like password or token-based authentication method. Biometrics uses either physiological or behavioral characteristics of a person which is unique in nature. Although biometrics provides lot of advantages, protecting its template database information is highly a challenging task. Fingerprint trait is one of the compact and convenient traits embedded in many digital devices for pattern recognition. In this paper, a novel fingerprint-based template transformation technique is proposed which consist of various important phases such as finding distance between minutiae points, customizing distance matrix, formulating combinatorial logic gate circuit, and disk scheduling that eventually provides multilevel template security. The experimental analysis clearly shows that the proposed method provides better security and improved equal error rate (EER) that is 2.3% when compared with other state-of-art methods.

The method of photoplethysmography (PPG) detailed in Chapters 1 and 2 gained enormous prominence due to the development of pulse oximetry. In pulse oximetry, the fact that hemoglobin bound with oxygen (called oxyhemoglobin) and hemoglobin without oxygen (deoxy-hemoglobin or reduced hemoglobin) absorb/reflect light differently is exploited in ascertaining, noninvasively, oxygen saturation in arterial blood. Most pulse oximeters that are in existence today use a couple of PPGs obtained using red and infrared wavelength light sources and calculate oxygen saturation in arterial blood using the red and IR PPGs and an empirical equation. This chapter details the development of pulse oximetry. It describes in detail a couple of novel methods of oxygen saturation calculation using the red and IR PPGs. The methods presented here do not need any calibration to be performed.

Outdoor luminaries’ management is one of the prominent areas for smart cities that improve the living standards of the citizens by reducing the emission of CO2, energy consumption, and cost. In this paper, a motion detection (MD)-based outdoor luminary intensity control system using sensors is proposed. This prototype designed controls luminary intensity during nighttime using different intensity controls, and especially at midnight time, it operates in motion detection mode using sensors and saves a lot of power wastage. It supports motion detection of high-speed vehicles on highways up to 120 kmph or more. The prototype is designed by using simple combinational circuits, integrated with renewable energy sources, and consumes less power.

In this work, authentic user-based outdoor lighting control technique is proposed. This technique controls outdoor light intensity based on different time zones and as well as by authentic user. The designed prototype will run in two modes: (i) autorun self-test mode and (ii) normal working mode. The normal working mode is used for infield light intensity control and supports two different modes: (i) timer mode and (ii) external authentic user control mode. The working condition is examined, and the results observed are satisfactory for the timer and authentic user control in normal mode and autorun self-test mode.It promotes the modern technologies in the world and improves the living standards of rural and urban citizens.

Finger print and offline data set are important identities of the candidate in voting process. It is used to fulfil the user requirements. It has simple architecture and gives instant response. It decreases the polling time. Transportation is very easy from one station to other station, and usage of manual power has also reduced. It gives accurate result at the time of counting without committing mistakes. Fingerprint module is an automated system used to identify the person’s fingerprint and verify it. This is a part of biometric. It mainly focuses on finding the pattern of fingerprint feature images with the help of some standard algorithms of image processing. After authentication of fingerprint, data set will be sent to offline data section immediately, which is already in data set based on texture image techniques. Once both data sets are compared with individual data, then it confirms that voter is genuine and vote casting process is completed successfully with high efficiency. And also we are focusing on issues like when the fingerprint module certifies a voter as a genuine person, but offline data sets fail to recognize the same voter as a genuine person. Immediately notification section will send the information to election commission main server which verifies how many are satisfied with only fingerprint module, how many are satisfied with only offline data set and total number of voters who are satisfied with both the data sets. In this way, our designed device helps the users in their vote casting process.

National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore, has been studying the possibilities of using wind as an alternate source of energy at Maitri and other locations used by Indian Antarctic Expedition members for the conduct of scientific experiments from the XVI Indian Antarctic Scientific Expedition. During the last five expeditions, NAL has collected invaluable information. The general idea of the station’s energy requirements and infrastructure is now available. Some hands-on experience in the use of wind energy at Antarctica has also been gained. Now the time has come where the program must take on a major step in the deployment of WEG systems for the station’s own use and other field camps during summer and winter overtimes.

Cloud storages like Google Drive, Firebase and Dropbox can be used for storing huge data owned by the users. Privacy has always been an issue with such technologies. The properties of security—confidentiality, integrity and availability are vital when privacy is concerned. Secret sharing schemes have been widely used for preserving the privacy of the user’s data in the following way. The data can be divided into multiple shares using secret sharing scheme, and each shares can be stored in different cloud storages. This paper puts forward a novel approach of splitting audio files into shares using ideal visual secret sharing scheme which is a lightweight approach instead of number theory-based secret sharing method. In an ideal visual secret sharing scheme, after reconstruction of the secret using secret shares, we will get back the original data without any changes. This method also makes sure that with the help of malwares an attacker cannot retrieve the information of the secret from any of the shares alone which is stored in the cloud.

The Indian prototype fast breeder reactor (PFBR) is a pool-type reactor in which the steam generator employs liquid sodium as coolant. Modified 9Cr–1Mo is the construction material for steam generator, owing to its excellent high-temperature mechanical properties. Nickel alloy 718 has been used for the tube bundle support structures due to its excellent high-temperature properties and its compatibility with liquid sodium. The coolant sodium is responsible for the flow-induced vibration in the steam generator tubes which in turn leads to the reciprocating fretting wear in the components. This wear is undesirable for both life perspective and functionality. It is important to study the wear of the components, such as the heat exchanger tubes of Cr–Mo steel and the support structures by simulating the industrial operating atmosphere. As a groundwork, reciprocating wear tests are planned and the test matrix has been formulated to study the wear characteristics of Inconel 718 against Al2O3 balls and 9Cr–1Mo. The tests were carried out in frequencies of 3, 6 and 9 Hz and varying temperatures such as room temperature (RT), 100 and 150 ℃. Optical microscopy is carried on the tested samples to study the metallography. Surface profilometer is employed to characterize the worn scars of the tested specimens and thereby concluding the mode of material removal during the reciprocating wear. Different surface roughness parameters on the scar were studied and compared with the parameters taken for study.

Earth is covered with three fourth of water and one fourth of land. Ninety percent of world cargo transportation happens via ships that sail across great waters. Increase in sea traffic at the ports, natural disasters, technical, human errors may lead to oil spilling on oceanic surface. These spills will cause a lot of damage to marine ecosystem. Estimating the damage is one of the challenging tasks that can be addressed using remote sensing technology. In this paper, detection and differentiating look-alike image features of four different oceanic regions are studied using gene expression programming (GEP) algorithms on RISAT-1 SAR satellite images. GEP algorithm clearly differentiates lookalike image feature pixel from oil spill image feature pixel with classification accuracy on four different oil spill datasets is more than 98%. Proving GEP can be used for two class oil spill detection and classification problem.

Privacy is a major concern for organizations that release Microdata for informal analysis. Most of the Privacy Preserving Data Publishing (PPDP) techniques anonymize data based on personalized privacy requirements or based on some general utility specification. The consequence is that, either the record owner’s privacy requirements or the data miner’s (analyst’s) data efficacy requirements are considered for data anonymization, which leads to tainted accuracy in several data mining tasks. Motivated by this we propose a novel approach which considers privacy requirements in the form of Sensitivity Flags from the record owners end, as well as Application Specific Requirements from the data miners (analysts) end. Our proposed method is theoretically analyzed and the mathematical analysis outperforms the earlier works with sufficient experiments.

Selective laser sintering (SLS) empowers the fast, flexible, cost-efficient, and easy manufacture of prototypes for various application of required shape and size by using powder based material. The physical prototype is important for design confirmation and operational examination by creating the prototype unswervingly from CAD data. In SLS procedure optimization of construction parameters of good responses, will also help to save time and material. In this work, optimal SLS process parameters, by varying the laser power, bed temperature and layer thickness on surface quality of Length, Depth and Surface roughness for the designed part by using Polyamide and also evaluate the part quality by using Coordinate measuring machine (CMM). The experimentations were carried out rendering to the Taguchi parametric strategy L9 at various combinations of process parameters and arithmetical optimization method ANOVA was used to decide the optimal levels and to find the percentage of contribution of the process parameters. The results show that the Laser power is the most important factor followed by the Bed Temperature and Layer thickness for maximizing the Length and Depth, Minimizing Surface roughness of the SLS processed Polyamide. This optimized process capability paves the way for the society.

Monitoring large virtualized datacenter is a daunting task. Around 3 to 3.5 million of events/alerts are received annually from 90+ customers, managed by our organization. Global command centers process these events in real-time and takes an appropriate necessary action for each of those alerts. One of the challenging tasks is to extract useful analytical details out of this large dataset. Attempts to run analytics on this event data poses a problem like heterogeneous source, unstructured data without any centralized repository to collect these events etc. These three issues are the same classic issues face by any “Big data” analysis. To address this issues a novel unified framework is built. This paper focus on big data problems and the solution proposed to address event data analysis in large virtualized environment as a use case. Along with this detailed design and implementation of the proposed solution with resulting report details are also discussed.

Privacy preservation is a substantial concern for the organizations that publish/share personal data for informal analysis. Several anonymization algorithms such as generalization and Bucketization are developed as a solution to this Privacy Preserving Data Publishing (PPDP). Latest research has shown that generalization loses significant amount of information, particularly for high dimensional data. However, Bucketization does not prevent membership disclosure. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that makes use of Information Gain of the attributes with respect to sensitive attributes, which gives the effectiveness of an attribute in classifying the data, which is two-way association among attributes. We show that our approach preserves better data utility and has lesser complexity than earlier techniques. Our proposed technique is theoretically analyzed, and mathematical analysis outstrips past works with sufficient experiments.

Virtualized environment generates a large amount of monitoring data; even then it’s very hard to correlate such a monitoring data effectively with underlying virtualized environment, due to its dynamic nature. This paper introduces new method of mapping relationship in a virtualized data center by identifying dependent variables within monitored performance data. Dependent variables have an association relationship which can be measured and validated through statistical calculations. The new algorithm introduced here, automatically searches such relationship between various devices of the virtualized environment. Due to its dynamic nature of the virtualized environment, we have to take a measurement at multiple points of time, any relationship which holds good across these time intervals are considered as dependent variables. These dependent variables are used to characterize the complex interaction of the virtual data center device. Such relationship details can be used to build model to predict the fault occurrence. Paper explains the algorithm and experimental results obtained during our validation phase.