Search

The precise construction of photocatalysts with diatomic sites that simultaneously foster light absorption and catalytic activity is a formidable challenge, as both processes follow distinct pathways. Herein, an electrostatically driven self-assembly approach is used, where phenanthroline is used to synthesize bifunctional LaNi sites within covalent organic framework. The La and Ni site acts as optically and catalytically active center for photocarriers generation and highly selective CO2-to-CO reduction, respectively. Theory calculations and in-situ characterization reveal the directional charge transfer between La-Ni double-atomic sites, leading to decreased reaction energy barriers of *COOH intermediate and enhanced CO2-to-CO conversion. As a result, without any additional photosensitizers, a 15.2 times enhancement of the CO2 reduction rate (605.8 μmol·g−1·h−1) over that of a benchmark covalent organic framework colloid (39.9 μmol·g−1·h−1) and improved CO selectivity (98.2%) are achieved. This work presents a potential strategy for integrating optically and catalytically active centers to enhance photocatalytic CO2 reduction.

Oncolytic virus therapy has shown benefits for multiple cancers, while limitations remain for traditional treatment. However, few studies have concentrated on comparing whether oncolytic virus combined with traditional treatment is better than traditional treatment alone in patients with cancer. We conducted a meta-analysis of the curative effect and safety of oncolytic virus combination therapy. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases comprehensively for articles comparing oncolytic virus combined with traditional treatment to traditional treatment alone in patients with cancer. A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis were performed. A total of 12 studies involving 1494 patients (combination therapy group, 820 patients; traditional treatment group, 674 patients) were included in the study. Compared with traditional treatment alone, combination therapy was significantly associated with high objective response rate [odds ratio (OR) 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.82, p = 0.04]. There were no significant differences for other outcomes such as 1- and 2-year survival rate, and 4- and 12-month progression-free survival rate. Combination therapy was significantly associated with high incidence of grade ≥ 3 adverse effects (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.06–2.05, p = 0.02) and high incidence of grade ≥ 3 neutropenia (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.13–2.43, p = 0.01). There were no significant differences for other grade ≥ 3 adverse effects, e.g., gastrointestinal adverse effects, influenza-like illness, fatigue, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Despite partially increased toxicity, the combination therapy improves the effectiveness of cancer treatment. However, high-quality, large-scale studies are needed to evaluate its effectiveness and safety.

This study examines the formation of circulation patterns favorable to wintertime extreme precipitation events over South China between 1979 and 2013. During these extreme precipitation events, a barotropic wave train having seven centers of action was observed to extend from the Arabian Sea to the west coast of the North American continent with a maximum amplitude at 300 hPa. A center of action located over South China, comprised of cyclonic anomalies, favored powerful updrafts and large-scale moisture convergence over South China. About 77% of wintertime extreme precipitation events in South China were preceded by European blocking events. The formation mechanism for the 141 precipitation events with pre-existing European blocking highs is presented. Rossby wave energy propagation associated with the positive phase of circumglobal teleconnection enabled the European blocking event with a lead time of $$\sim$$ 10 days to generate cyclonic anomalies over South China. Moreover, significant warm anomalies were present over South China before the onset of these blocking-related extreme precipitation events. Increases in atmospheric moisture holding capacity associated with these warm anomalies enabled a buildup of precipitable water via moisture fluxes into South China through the western and southern boundaries. Onset of the extreme precipitation events was then triggered by the intrusion of cold temperature anomalies from the north, which lifted warm moist air upward from the surface and lowered the moisture holding capacity, producing large amounts of precipitation.

Circulation patterns associated with cold events over East Asia during the winter months of 1948–2014 are classified into four regimes by applying a k-means clustering method based on the area-weighted pattern correlation. The earliest precursor signals for two regimes are anticyclonic anomalies, which evolve into Ural and central Siberian blocking-like circulation patterns. The earliest precursor signals for the other two regimes are cyclonic anomalies, both of which evolve to amplify the East Asian trough (EAT). Both the blocking-like circulation patterns and amplified EAT favor the initialization of cold events. On average, the blocking-related regimes tend to last longer. The lead time of the earliest precursor signal for the central Siberian blocking-related regime is only 4 days, while those for the other regimes range from 16 to 18 days. The North Atlantic Oscillation plays essential roles both in triggering the precursor for the Ural blocking-related regime and in amplifying the precursors for all regimes. All regimes preferentially occur during the positive phase of the Eurasian teleconnection pattern and the negative phase of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation. For three regimes, surface cooling is primarily due to reduced downward infrared radiation and enhanced cold advection. For the remaining regime, which is associated with the southernmost cooling center, sensible and latent heat release and horizontal cold advection dominate the East Asian cooling.