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Objective Recent data have shown that regular exercise may ameliorate motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aims to investigate how intended exercise impacts motor and non-movement symptoms of PD. Methods 88 patients were randomly assigned to an early exercise group (E-EG), late exercise group (L-EG), or a control group (CG) using a randomized delayed-start design. The E-EG carried out a rigorous, formal exercise program for one hour, twice per week, for 18 months (May 2018 - November 2019). The L-EG took part in the exercise program in the final 6–12 months of the study. We assessed outcomes using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), PDQ-39 Questionnaire, Line A test, Line B test, Nine-hole column test, 30 seconds squat and stand-up test (30s SST), 10m Walk test(10mW), Balance Evaluation Systems Mini Test (MiniBESTest), FAB and Time Up and Go Test(TUG). Results The patients with PD in the E-EG had lower performance in the UPDRS and Line B test compared to those in the L-EG at post-exercise(p

Nemaline myopathy (NM) is a congenital myopathy of great heterogeneity, characterized by the presence of rods in the cytoplasm of muscle fibers. The samples of 16 nemaline myopathy patients diagnosed by characteristically pathological features went through whole exon sequencing. Clinico-pathological and genetic features of the cases were systematically analyzed. According to the classification of nemaline myopathy by ENMC, 8 cases are typical congenital subtype, 6 cases are childhood/juvenile onset subtype and 2 case are adult onset subtype. In histological findings, characteristic purple-colored rods are discovered under modified gömöri trichrome staining (MGT). Electron microscopy revealed the presence of high electron-dense nemaline bodies around the submucosa and the nucleus nine patients (9/16 56.3%) were detected pathogenic causative mutations, among whom mutations in the NEB gene were the most frequent (6 patients, 66.7%). KBTBD13 gene mutation was discovered in two patients and ACTA1 gene mutation was discovered in 1 patient. Nemaline myopathy is a congenital myopathy with highly clinico-pathological and genetic heterogeneity. NEB gene mutation is the most common mutation, in which splicing change c.21522 +3A > G is hotspot mutation in Chinese NM patients.

We derive quantitative estimates proving the propagation of chaos for large stochastic systems of interacting particles. We obtain explicit bounds on the relative entropy between the joint law of the particles and the tensorized law at the limit. We have to develop for this new laws of large numbers at the exponential scale. But our result only requires very weak regularity on the interaction kernel in the negative Sobolev space $\dot W^{-1,\infty}$, thus including the Biot-Savart law and the point vortices dynamics for the 2d incompressible Navier-Stokes., 59 pages

The whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) photonic crystal microcavity can be potentially used for miniaturized photonic devices, such as thresholdless lasers. In this paper, we use plane wave expansion (PWE) method and study the WGM of H2 photonic crystal microcavities which are formed by removing seven center air holes in a photonic crystal. The WGM in these large-size cavities has some advantages compared with single defect WGM in the view of real device applications. We analyze the nearby air hole effect on WGM and conclude that WGM is more sensitive to moving towards the outside rather than moving towards the inside of a nearby air hole. In our case, if a nearby air hole is moved 0.1a away from the center, the WGM will disappear. If a nearby air hole is moved 0.6a towards the center, however, the WGM will still exit. We also analyze the structure with an air hole (rm= 0.2a) in the center of the microcavity, and we find that the WGM is not affected by the central hole sensitively. As we increase rm, the WGM remains unchanged until rm is 0.64 times greater than period a. It is found that the tolerance of WGM to the displacement of nearby air holes and the occurance of central holes is large enough to fabricate electrical injection structure.

A method based on the theory of transfer matrix to design the integrated microlens for the collimation of vertical-cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) array is presented. The integrated microlenses fabricated on the substrate directly and on a certain polymer material which is on the substrate are considered. The relationships between the radius of curvature, beam waist and the divergence angle after collimation are obtained with the help of ZEMAX. The results show that the devices with the divergence angle of 15° (1/e2) and beam waist of 2 μm can be improved to those with the divergence angle lower than 1°, and the devices with beam waist of 10 μm can be improved to those with the divergence angle lower than 3°, which is a good reference for manufacturing high-power devices with small divergence angle. The conclusions including increasing the thicknesses of both the substrate and polymer material and reducing the diameter of oxidized layer are drawn, which will be an important guidance for experiment research.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) in a Chinese population. Methods Computer-based online searches through China Biology Medicine disc and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were performed to collect case reports of DLB published between 1980 and 2012. Clinical characteristics were analyzed. Results A total of 18 studies comprising 35 patients (26 males and 9 females) were included. The mean age at onset was 67.2 ± 9.8 years. Onset was characterized by memory impairment and accounted for 58.8% of all cases, followed by parkinsonism (11.8%), visual hallucinations (8.8%), and compulsive personality disorder (2.9%). The other patients (17.6%) presented two of the three core features of DLB at onset. With disease progression, parkinsonism was reported in 100% of cases, followed by visual hallucinations (97.1%), psychiatric symptoms (85.7%), severe neuroleptic sensitivity (81.8%), fluctuating cognition (68.6%), repeated falls (40.0%), sleep disorders (22.9%), and transient loss of consciousness (17.1%). 26 patients who were subjected to Mini-Mental State Examination scored ≤ 24. 10 patients presented relative preservation of hippocampus and medial temporal lobe structures on CT/MRI scan. Occipital hypometabolism occurred in 2 of 3 patients who underwent SPECT/PET perfusion scan. 12 patients showed an increasing of slow frequency activity on EEG, prominently in frontal and temporal lobes. Conclusions DLB often strikes elderly individuals. Its clinical core features are dementia, fluctuating cognition, recurrent visual hallucinations and spontaneous features of parkinsonism. Neuropsychological, neuroimaging and EEG examinations may improve the diagnostic accuracy and discriminate DLB from other dementias.