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To determine the clinical characteristics and prognosis of primary tracheobronchial tumors (PTTs) in children, and to explore the most common tumor identification methods.The medical records of children with PTTs who were hospitalized at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 1995 to January 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. The clinical features, imaging, treatments, and outcomes of these patients were statistically analyzed. Machine learning techniques such as Gaussian naïve Bayes, support vector machine (SVM) and decision tree models were used to identify mucoepidermoid carcinoma (ME).A total of 16 children were hospitalized with PTTs during the study period. This included 5 (31.3%) children with ME, 3 (18.8%) children with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT), 2 children (12.5%) with sarcomas, 2 (12.5%) children with papillomatosis and 1 child (6.3%) each with carcinoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), hemangioma, and schwannoma, respectively. ME was the most common tumor type and amongst the 3 ME recognition methods, the SVM model showed the best performance. The main clinical symptoms of PPTs were cough (81.3%), breathlessness (50%), wheezing (43.8%), progressive dyspnea (37.5%), hemoptysis (37.5%), and fever (25%). Of the 16 patients, 7 were treated with surgery, 8 underwent bronchoscopic tumor resection, and 1 child died. Of the 11 other children, 3 experienced recurrence, and the last 8 remained disease-free. No deaths were observed during the follow-up period.PTT are very rare in children and the highest percentage of cases is due to ME. The SVM model was highly accurate in identifying ME. Chest CT and bronchoscopy can effectively diagnose PTTs. Surgery and bronchoscopic intervention can both achieve good clinical results and the prognosis of the 11 children that were followed up was good.

Chiral polycyclic indolines are widely present in natural products and have become the focus of extensive synthetic efforts. Here, we show the catalytic asymmetric dearomative [3 + 2] annulation of indoles with donor-acceptor aminocyclopropanes to construct tricyclic indolines. Key to the success of the reaction is the rational design of C1-symmetric bifunctional tridentate imidazoline-pyrroloimidazolone pyridine ligand. Under 5 mol% of Ni(OTf)2-ligand complex, diverse tricyclic indolines containing cyclopentamine moieties are obtained in good chemoselectivities, high diastereoselectivities, and excellent enantioselectivities. An unusual cis-configuration ligand is superior to the trans-configuration ligand and the corresponding C2-symmetric tridentate nitrogen ligands in the annulation reaction. Mechanistic studies by control experiments and density functional theory calculations reveal a dual activation manner, where Ni(II) complex activates the aminocyclopropane via coordination with the geminal diester, and imidazolidine NH forms a H-bond with the succinimide moiety.

Visual joint attention, the ability to track gaze and recognize intent, plays a key role in the development of social and language skills in health humans, which is performed abnormally hard in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The traditional convolutional neural network, EEGnet, is an effective model for decoding technology, but few studies have utilized this model to address attentional training in ASD patients. In this study, EEGNet was used to decode the P300 signal elicited by training and the saliency map method was used to visualize the cognitive properties of ASD patients during visual attention. The results showed that in the spatial distribution, the parietal lobe was the main region of classification contribution, especially for Pz electrode. In the temporal information, the time period from 300 to 500 ms produced the greatest contribution to the electroencephalogram (EEG) classification, especially around 300 ms. After training for ASD patients, the gradient contribution was significantly enhanced at 300 ms, which was effective only in social scenarios. Meanwhile, with the increase of joint attention training, the P300 latency of ASD patients gradually shifted forward in social scenarios, but this phenomenon was not obvious in non-social scenarios. Our results indicated that joint attention training could improve the cognitive ability and responsiveness of social characteristics in ASD patients.

In this paper, porphyrin-based cationic conjugated network (PCCN) nanosheets were synthesized, and its adsorption for TcO4−/ReO4− was investigated. This material was stacked with AB dislocation, with an aperture of 1.2 nm. The Re(VII)/Tc(VII) adsorption kinetics of PCCN is extremely fast, and the adsorption capacity is relatively large, the selective order is ReO4− > NO3− > Cl−. XPS and DFT revealed that the exchange of Cl− on PCCN with ReO4−, while the hydrophobic pore of PCCN are the keys to improve adsorption selectivity. It could be used to remove Tc from groundwater around nuclear facilities.

In this study, four functionalized metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) composite (UiO-66-COOCH3, UiO-66-CONH2, UiO-66-CN and UiO-66-SO3H) were successfully prepared by post-synthesis modification for the removal of Co(II) from simulated 60Co radioactive wastewater. Benefiting from the strong uptake ability of these functional MOFs, the as-synthesized MOFs adsorbents exhibit an extraordinary adsorption performance towards Co(II), and their saturated adsorption capacity reached 334.4 mg g−1 (UiO-66-COOCH3), 339.7 mg g−1 (UiO-66-CONH2), 274.6 mg g−1 (UiO-66-CN) and 293.7 mg g−1 (UiO-66-SO3H), respectively. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) was used to study the adsorption mechanism of Co(II) by MOFs. The results of theoretical calculation revealed that the functional groups of MOFs have strong chelating ability to Co(II), which gradually increase with the order of nitrile group, sulfonic acid group, ester group and amide group, and the order is also consistent with the adsorption amount of Co(II) in the experiment. All these works suggest that the synthesized MOFs are potential candidate for 60Co seperation.

It was well known that there are $e$-particles and $m$-strings in the 3-dimensional (spatial dimension) toric code model, which realizes the 3-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological order. Recent mathematical result, however, shows that there are additional string-like topological defects in the 3-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological order. In this work, we construct all topological defects of codimension 2 and higher, and show that they form a braided fusion 2-category satisfying a braiding non-degeneracy condition., 30 pages, 29 figures. Comments are welcome

Children as a population have high antimicrobial prescribing rates which may lead to high resistance of bacteria according to data from some single-center surveys of antibiotic prescribing rates in China. The acquirement of baseline data of antibiotic prescribing is the basis of developing intervention strategies on inappropriate antimicrobial prescriptions. Few studies show clearly the pattern and detailed information on classes of antibiotics and distribution of indications of antibiotic prescriptions in children in China. This study aims to assess the antibiotic prescribing patterns among children and neonates hospitalized in 18 hospitals in China. A 24-hour point prevalence survey on antimicrobial prescribing was conducted in hospitalized neonates and children in China from December 1st, 2016 to February 28th, 2017. Information on the antibiotic use of patients under 18 years of age who were administered one or more on-going antibiotics in the selected wards over a 24-hour period was collected. These data were submitted to the GARPEC (Global Antimicrobial Resistance, Prescribing and Efficacy in Children and Neonates) web-based application ( https://pidrg-database.sgul.ac.uk/redcap/ ). For statistical analysis, Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS 22.0 were used. The antibiotic data were collected in 35 wards in 18 hospitals from 9 provinces. In total, 67.76% (975/1439) of the patients (n = 1439) were given at least one antibiotic, including 58.1% (173/298) of neonates (n = 298) and 70.3% (802/1141) of children (n = 1141). In neonates, the three most frequently prescribed antibiotics were third-generation cephalosporins (41.7%), penicillins plus enzyme inhibitor (23.8%), and carbapenems (11.2%). In children, the three most frequently prescribed antibiotics were third-generation cephalosporins (35.5%), macrolides (23.2%), and penicillins plus enzyme inhibitors (15.9%). The most common indication for antibiotics was proven or probable bacterial lower respiratory tract infection (30.9% in neonates and 66.6% in children). Antibiotics are commonly prescribed in the Chinese children population. It is likely that the third-generation cephalosporins and macrolides are currently overused in Chinese children. Efforts must be made to ensure safe and appropriate antibiotic prescribing to reduce and prevent the future development of antibiotic resistance.

Glufosinate, an analogue of glutamic acid (also known as phosphinothricin), is an important herbicide. The protonation constants of glufosinate were determined by means of potentiometric titrations at variable temperatures with ionic strength 0.5 mol·L−1 (NaCl solution). The heat effects of the protonation reactions of glufosinate were measured by direct calorimetry. NMR spectroscopies have demonstrated that the first protonation site occurs on the nitrogen atom in the amino group, followed by one of the oxygen atoms in the phosphono group, and finally the carboxyl oxygen atom. This trend is in good agreement with the enthalpy of protonation and crystal structure results. These data will help to predict the speciation of glufosinate in physiological systems.

O-Phospho-l-serine is one of the naturally occurring phosphorylated amino acids, having important pharmacological activity and bioactivity. The protonation constants of O-phospho-l-serine were determined by means of potentiometric titrations at 25 °C and ionic strength of 0.5 mol·L−1 (NaCl). The heat effects of the protonation reaction of the O-phospho-l-serine were measured by direct calorimetry. NMR spectroscopy has demonstrated that the first protonation site occurs at the nitrogen atom in the amino group, followed by one of the oxygen atoms in the phosphono group, and finally the carboxyl oxygen atom. This trend is in good agreement with the enthalpy of protonation and quantum chemical calculations. These data will help to predict the speciation of O-phospho-l-serine in physiological systems.

The attachment of cell-surface carbohydrates to proteins mediated by the amino acids serine or threonine (O-glycan) is involved in tumor metastasis; the roles of O-glycans vary depending on their structure, but the detailed mechanisms by which O-glycans trigger signaling to control tumor metastasis are largely unknown. In this study, we found that the reduced expression of core 3 synthase correlated with metastasis to lymph nodes and distant organs, resulting in poor prognosis for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Mechanically, we revealed that mucin-type core 3 O-glycan was synthesized at the membrane-tethered MUC1 N terminus because of core 3 synthase expression in colon cancer cells. This further inhibited the translocation of MUC1-C to the nucleus, initiated p53 gene transcription that was dependent on the inhibition of MUC1-C nucleus translocation, activated p53-mediated miR-200c expression and resulted in mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). Inhibition of MUC1 via small interfering RNA (siRNA) in re-expressed core 3 synthase colon cancer cells further inhibited MUC1-C nucleus translocation, increased p53 and miR-200c expression, and enhanced MET. However, inhibition of p53 via siRNA or miR-200c via miR-200c inhibitor in re-expressed core 3 synthase colon cancer cells promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a reversible manner. Core 3 synthase mRNA levels and the p53 mRNA levels or miR-200c levels in the colon cancerous samples were positively correlated. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism linking mucin-type core 3 O-glycan to the EMT-MET plasticity of CRC cells via MUC1/p53/miR-200c-dependent signaling cascade and shed light on therapeutic strategies to treat this malignancy.

N-(phosphonomethyl)-l-proline is an analogue of glyphosate. The protonation for N-(phosphonomethyl)-l-proline was studied by potentiometry, calorimetry, 31P NMR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations to further understand the protonation process of glyphosate. The results confirmed that the order of successive protonation sites of totally deprotonated N-(phosphonomethyl)-l-proline are a phosphonate oxygen, amino nitrogen, and finally the carboxylate oxygen. The results can improve the understanding of the biological activity of these types of molecules in solution.

To effectively solve the traffic data problems such as data invalidation in the process of the acquisition of road traffic states, a road traffic states estimation algorithm based on matching of the regional traffic attracters was proposed in this work. First of all, the road traffic running states were divided into several different modes. The concept of the regional traffic attracters of the target link was put forward for effective matching. Then, the reference sequences of characteristics of traffic running states with the contents of the target link’s traffic running states and regional traffic attracters under different modes were established. In addition, the current and historical regional traffic attracters of the target link were matched through certain matching rules, and the historical traffic running states of the target link corresponding to the optimal matching were selected as the initial recovery data, which were processed with Kalman filter to obtain the final recovery data. Finally, some typical expressways in Beijing were adopted for the verification of this road traffic states estimation algorithm. The results prove that this traffic states estimation approach based on matching of the regional traffic attracters is feasible and can achieve a high accuracy.

Attentional orienting and response inhibition have largely been studied separately. Each has yielded important findings, but controversy remains concerning whether they share any neurocognitive processes. These conflicting findings may originate from two issues: (1) at the cognitive level, attentional orienting and response inhibition are typically studied in isolation; and (2) at the technological level, a single neuroimaging method is typically used to study these processes. This article reviews recent achievements in both spatial and temporal neuroimaging, emphasizing the relationship between attentional orienting and response inhibition. We suggest that coordinated engagement, both top-down and bottom-up, serves as a common neural mechanism underlying these two cognitive processes. In addition, the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex may play a major role in their harmonious operation.

In the current study we used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the relation between musical tempo perception and the oscillatory activity in specific brain regions, and the scalp EEG networks in the theta, alpha, and beta bands. The results showed that the theta power at the frontal midline decreased with increased arousal level related to tempo. The alpha power induced by original music at the bilateral occipital-parietal regions was stronger than that by tempo-transformed music. The beta power did not change with tempo. At the network level, the original music-related alpha network had high global efficiency and the optimal path length. This study was the first to use EEG to investigate multi-oscillatory activities and the data support the tempo-specific timing hypothesis.

The origin of numerus clausus has its historical root and practical utility in protecting transaction safety. Some opinions against this principle lack empirical support, because rights outside statutory property rights, since utterly incapable of effective notice, cannot obtain a sort of absolute supremacy; therefore, various scenarios that propose to formulate property rights in accordance with customs and conventions are virtually impossible for technical implementation. Numerus clausus might restrict some rights of actors, but not their freedom to act, and as a result is not the opposite of the autonomy of private law.