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To elucidate the effects of solvents on phenolic content and antioxidant activity of bamboo leaves extracts, the contents of seven common phenolic compounds in the extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and their influences on the antioxidant activity were investigated by correlation analysis. The results indicated that total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids compounds and total phenolic acids of bamboo leaves extracts were mainly affected by neochlorogenic acid and isoorientin in both methanol and ethanol series, and solvent of high organic solvent or water was beneficial for the extraction of flavonoids and phenolic acids, respectively. Isoorientin showed higher correlation with the antioxidant activity of bamboo leaves extracts than other flavonoids in both methanol and ethanol series, whereas neochlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid displayed higher correlations with the antioxidant activity than other phenolic acids in methanol and ethanol series, respectively. The current observation implied that the effects of solvents on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of plant extracts may result from the corresponding changes of high-content phenolic components; and the combination of HPLC analysis and correlation analysis may be helpful to elucidate the effects of different extraction conditions on the phenolic composition and activity of plant extracts.

We aimed to compare the survival benefit of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with conservative treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT), furthermore, to reveal which PVTT types benefit from TACE treatment. From August 2007 to January 2010, a prospective controlled study was performed on consecutive patients with advanced HCC and PVTT. Of a total of 150 patients, 115 were treated with TACE (lipiodol and anticancer agents ± gelatin sponge embolization), and 35 who refused to accept the procedure were treated with conservative treatment. We performed survival analysis of the two treatment groups and then stratified by a new classification of PVTT that was divided into four types. Overall survival was significantly better in the TACE group than in the conservative group (8.67 months vs. 1.4 months, P

Free calcium concentration (\(C_{Ca} ^{2 + } \)) profiles were evaluated in perilymph, endolymph, marginal cells, spiral ligament and blood serum of adrenalectomized (ADX) rats. Free\(C_{Ca} ^{2 + } \) was significantly greater in perilymph and significantly reduced in the serum of the ADX animals as compared to sham-operated animals. In addition, higher levels of free (\(C_{Ca} ^{2 + } \)) were found in the spiral ligament in ADX animals. Free (\(C_{Ca} ^{2 + } \)) did not appear to be affected by ADX in marginal cells and endolymph. These data suggest that marked reductions in endogenous levels of corticosteroids may have a systematic effect on free\(C_{Ca} ^{2 + } \) that is detectable in blood serum as well as cochlear fluids and tissues.

Double-barrelled potassium selective microelectrodes (K-ISME) were used in situ for real-time sequential determinations of potassium concentrations (CK+) in endolymph, marginal cells and the spiral ligaments of rats exposed to moderate noise at 100 dB for 30 min (NE) and control (CTL) animals. CK+ in NE animals at these sites did not differ significantly when compared to CK+ in CTL animals. However, there was a slight decrease in CK+ in marginal cells in the noise-exposed animals.