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Rational design and construction of low-cost and highly efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is meaningful but challenging. Herein, a robust three dimensional (3D) hollow CoSe2@ultrathin MoSe2 core@shell heterostructure (CoSe2@MoSe2) is proposed as an efficient HER electrocatalyst through interfacial engineering. Benefitting from the abundant heterogeneous interfaces on CoSe2@MoSe2, the exposed edge active sites are maximized and the charge transfer at the hetero-interfaces is accelerated, thus facilitating the HER kinetics. It exhibits remarkable performance in pH-universal conditions. Notably, it only needs an overpotential (η10) of 108 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA·cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH, outperforming most of the reported transition metal selenides electrocatalysts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations unveil that the heterointerfaces synergistically optimize the Gibbs free energies of H2O and H* during alkaline HER, accelerating the reaction kinetics. The present work may provide new construction guidance for rational design of high-efficient electrocatalysts.

Cancer metastasis accounts for nearly 90% of all cancer deaths. Metastatic cancer progression requires both cancer cell migration to the site of the metastasis and subsequent proliferation after colonization. However, it has long been recognized that cancer cell migration and proliferation can be uncoupled; but the mechanism underlying this paradox is not well understood. Here we report that TNFAIP8 (tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8), a “professional” transfer protein of phosphoinositide second messengers, promotes cancer cell migration or metastasis but inhibits its proliferation or cancer growth. TNFAIP8-deficient mice developed larger tumors, but TNFAIP8-deficient tumor cells completely lost their ability to migrate toward chemoattractants and were defective in colonizing lung tissues as compared to wild-type counterparts. Mechanistically, TNFAIP8 served as a cellular “pilot” of tumor cell migration by locally amplifying PI3K–AKT and Rac signals on the cell membrane facing chemoattractant; at the same time, TNFAIP8 also acted as a global inhibitor of tumor cell growth and proliferation by regulating Hippo signaling pathway. These findings help explain the migration–proliferation paradox of cancer cells that characterizes many cancers.

Phototherapy has been recognized as a photochemical process to treat tumor via induce cancer cells necrosis and death, with minimal invasiveness, higher selectivity, and few side effects. However, the therapy effects of phototherapy are often compromised by the hypoxia, high levels of hydrogen peroxide, and glutathione of tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, we constructed a catalase-like activity bionic metal–organic framework drugs delivery system (FA-EM@MnO2/ZIF-8/ICG) with tumor microenvironment controllable releasing. In this system, photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) was introduced into zeolite imidazole salt skeleton 8 (ZIF-8) by one-step methods, forming ZIF-8/ICG nano-platform, which can effectively avoid ICG-induced phototoxicity and aggregation-induced quenching during transport. MnO2 with catalase-like activity was coated on the surface of ZIF-8/ICG nano-platform, which made it have the ability of self-supplying O2 under the condition of H2O2 in TME. Exposure under near-infrared light can alleviate the anoxic TME, thus improving the phototherapy efficiency. In addition, folate-functionalized erythrocyte membrane is coated on the surface of MnO2/ZIF-8/ICG, which can endow FA-EM@MnO2/ZIF-8/ICG with the ability of targeted drug administration and immune elimination avoidance. Therefore, FA-EM@MnO2/ZIF-8/ICG nano-platform has the catalase-like activity, which can alleviate the oxidative stress state of TME and provide a beneficial environment for photodynamic therapy of tumor.

Background Tumour angiogenesis is an independent risk factor for bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) progression, but viable and promising antiangiogenic targets are understudied. Emerging evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play prominent role in the tumour microenvironment and tumour angiogenesis. Methods The clinical data of BUC patients were obtained from TCGA database and clinical specimens of 138 BUC patients. Univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses were used to identify survival-related ARLNRs (sARLNRs) from The Molecular Signatures Database v4.0. Fisher’s exact probability method was used to detect the correlations between sARLNRs levels and clinicopathological characteristics. A chain of experiments including FACS, qPCR, immunohistochemistry, tube formation, migration and invasion assays, combining with co-culture models, were utilized to validate the clinical significance and angiogenetic correlation of sARLNRs. Results Five sARLNRs were employed to establish an angiogenesis-related risk score model, by which patients in the low-risk group obtained better overall survival than those in the high-risk group. The expression of AC005625.1 and AC008760.1 was significantly related to ECs percentage, tumour size and muscle invasion status. Besides, AC005625.1 and AC008760.1 expressed lower in BUC cell lines and tumour tissues than that in normal urothelial cells and adjacent normal tissues, with much lower levels in more advanced T stages. A prominently higher proportion of ECs was detected in tumour tissues with lower expression of AC005625.1 and AC008760.1. In the co-culture models, we found that knockdown of AC005625.1 and AC008760.1 in BUC cells increased the tube formation, migration and invasion abilities of HUVEC. The expression levels of CD31, VEGF-A, VIMENTIN and N-CADHERIN were also enhanced in HUVEC cells co-cultured with siR-AC005625.1 and siR-AC008760.1-treated T24 cells. Conclusion In the study, we identify five sARLNRs and validate their clinical significance, angiogenesis correlation and prognosis-predictive values in BUC. These findings may provide a new perspective and some promising antiangiogenic targets for clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies of BUC.

Immunotherapy that targets lymphoid cell checkpoints holds great promise for curing cancer. However, many cancer patients do not respond to this form of therapy. In addition to lymphoid cells, myeloid cells play essential roles in controlling immunity to cancer. Whether myeloid checkpoints exist that can be targeted to treat cancer is not well established. Here we show that c-Rel, a member of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) family, specified the generation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells by selectively turning on protumoral genes while switching off antitumoral genes through a c-Rel enhanceosome. c-Rel deficiency in myeloid cells markedly inhibited cancer growth in mice and pharmaceutical inhibition of c-Rel had the same effect. Combination therapy that blocked both c-Rel and the lymphoid checkpoint protein programmed cell death protein 1 was more effective in treating cancer than blocking either alone. Thus, c-Rel is a myeloid checkpoint that can be targeted for treating cancer. Li et al. report that c-Rel, a member of the NF-κB transcription factor family, acts as a checkpoint for antitumor immunity as it promotes the generation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and its inhibition in myeloid cells suppresses tumor growth.

Here we report a synthetic strategy for controllable construction of yolk-shell and core-shell plasmonic metal@semiconductor hybrid nanocrystals through modulating the kinetics of sulfurization reaction followed by cation exchange. The yielded yolk-shell structured products feature exceptional crystallinity and more importantly, the intimately adjoined and sharp interface between plasmonic metal and semiconductor which facilitates efficient charge carrier communications between them. By exploiting the system composed of Au nanorods and p-type PbS as a demonstration, we show that the Au@PbS yolk-shell nanorods manifest notable improvement in visible and near infrared light absorption compared to the Au@PbS core-shell nanorods as well as hollow PbS nanorods. Moreover, the photocathode constituted by Au@PbS yolk-shell nanorods affords the highest photoelectrochemical activities both under simulated sunlight and λ < 700 nm light irradiation. The superior performance of Au@PbS yolk-shell nanorods is considered arising from the combination of the favorable structural advantages of yolk-shell configuration and the surface plasmon resonance enhancement effect. We envision that the reported synthetic strategy can offer a valuable means to create hybrid nanocrystals with desirable structures and functions that enable to harness the photogenerated charge carriers, including the plasmonic hot holes, in wide-range solar-to-fuel conversion.

The local coordination environment of catalysts has been investigated for an extended period to obtain enhanced catalytic performance. Especially with the advancement of single-atom catalysts (SACs), research on the coordination environment has been advanced to the atomic level. The surrounding coordination atoms of central metal atoms play important roles in their catalytic activity, selectivity and stability. In recent years, remarkable improvements of the catalytic performance of SACs have been achieved by the tailoring of coordination atoms, coordination numbers and second- or higher-coordination shells, which provided new opportunities for the further development of SACs. In this review, the characterization of coordination environment, tailoring of the local coordination environment, and their related adjustable catalytic performance will be discussed. We hope this review will provide new insights on further research of SACs.

MIL-100(Fe)-derived unique porous iron has excellent microwave-absorbing performance and exhibits dielectric loss mechanism. A great microwave reflection loss (RL) of − 75.3 dB can be obtained and its effective absorption bandwidth is 4 GHz. This excellent microwave absorption performance mainly originates from dielectric loss rather than magnetic loss of the incoming microwave field. The impedance matching, multiple reflection and scattering loss and interface polarization of the porous ions could be tuned by controlling the reaction temperature and gas environment. Meanwhile, this study provides a new inspiration and insight for preparing dielectric loss iron with an excellent microwave absorption performance, which encourages achievements light the way to the development of the dielectric loss metal absorbents.

Embryos containing distinct cell lines are referred to as mosaic embryos, which are considered to be caused by mitotic errors in chromosome segregation during preimplantation development. As the accuracy and resolution of detection techniques improve, more and more mosaic embryos were identified recently. The impacts of mosaic embryos on survival and potential pregnancy outcome have been reported to be diverse in different studies. Because of the universality and clinical significance of mosaicism, it is essential to unravel the mechanisms and consequences with regard to this phenomenon in human pre- and post-implantation embryos. The purpose of this review is to explore the mechanisms, causes of mosaicism, and the development of pre- and post-implantation mosaic embryos in the light of recent emerging data, with the aim of providing new references for clinical applications.

A basic conversion model for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is developed according to corresponding reaction process. Further improvement is conducted on the model considering the HDS characteristics and industrial demand. The model can quantitatively describe the effect of operational conditions, deactivation behavior and residual properties on HDS. By comparison with the experimental data, the calculated conversions are all found to have a total average relative deviation of less than 5%, presenting a good fit in relation to the experimental data. Moreover, the model can also accurately predict the performance of hydrodecarbonresidue and hydrodemetallization. Results indicate that the model has a high universality and practicability.

Considering the complex geological conditions of mining in the fully mechanized 828 working face of the Qingdong Coal Mine, a mining plan was developed for premining the upper No. 7 coal seam to control the hard roof and gas of the No. 8 coal seam. Failure depth of the No. 7 coal seam floor and the caving interval of the hard roof were analyzed using a proposed model based on the Terzaghi’s principle and rock beam theory, respectively. The movement rules of the overlying strata under premining (No. 7 coal seam) and non-premining conditions were analyzed using physical material similarity simulations experiment. Furthermore, field monitoring was performed to determine the working resistance of the hydraulic supports. The estimated results from the proposed method showed that the failure depth of the floor of the 726 working face was 13.8 m, which is in agreement with that noted during the field observation. The caving interval of the hard roof decreased from 24.9 m to 10.6 m after premining the No. 7 coal seam. In the simulation, the caving interval of the hard roof of the No. 8 coal seam decreased from 20 m to 10 m after premining the No. 7 coal seam. The hydraulic supports were effective in the actual production process, and the initial and periodic weighting intervals were 20.4 m and 10.4 m, respectively. These findings demonstrate that after premining the No. 7 coal seam, the initial and periodic weighting intervals decreased, thereby reducing the pressure intensity of the roof. This method effectively weakens the hard roof of the No. 8 coal seam. The issues pertaining to the hard roof during the mining of the 828 working face could be overcome by premining a protective coal seam of the upper No. 7 coal seam.

Jasmonate (JA) plays a central role in plant response to wounding and is shown to have crosstalk with gibberellin (GA) and cytokinin (CTK). Nevertheless, a little attempt has been made in connecting JA with tolerant responses and determining its physiological role in such responses. Here, we investigated the possible role of JA in compensatory growth and photosynthesis of Lolium perenne under wounding stress. The results showed that wounding treatment successfully induced compensatory growth and photosynthesis. JA was induced upon wounding, while GA was downregulated. Meanwhile, CTK was upregulated in leaf blade, but downregulated in sheath. In wounded plants, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) showed little increase, whereas antioxidant enzyme activities showed a statistically insignificant decrease except superoxide dismutase (SOD) in leaf blade and catalase (CAT) in leaf sheath, suggesting alternative antioxidant mechanisms upon wounding. Interestingly, JA treatment induced regrowth in clipped plants, but repressed growth in unclipped plants, and continuous treatment with JA also repressed regrowth in clipped plants, suggesting that the initial JA burst in plants upon wounding can induce growth in L. perenne response to wounding. In addition, JA and its inhibitor induced little changes in photosynthetic yield, displaying that JA was uncoupled from photosynthesis.

Yolk/shell (Y–S) hybrid nanoarchitectures, owing to the interior voids created for individualized catalyst applications, have emerged as new candidates for effectively isolating catalytic species. However, the well-defined hollow interiors with flexible core and shell compositions—such as noble-metal cores, metal-oxide cores, and widespread semiconductor shells—and a flexible anisotropic shape are far from the requirements. In particular, the introduction of catalytic noble metals or metal-oxide nanocrystals (NCs) with isotropic or anisotropic shapes into various hollow semiconductor structures with well-defined morphologies has been rarely reported but is urgently needed. Herein, we propose a strategy involving the careful sulfuration of as-prepared cavity-free core/shell NCs or metal-oxide NCs followed by phosphine-initialized cation-exchange reactions for preparing metal@semiconductor and metal oxide@semiconductor (II-VI) Y–S NCs. The geometry, size, and conformations of the core and shell are fully and independently considered. New and unprecendented metal@semiconductor and metal oxide@semiconductor (II-VI) Y–S NCs are prepared via widespread phosphine-initialized cation-exchange reactions.

Although the microvascular decompression (MVD) has become a definitive treatment for the primary hemifacial spasm (HFS), there still are some failed cases. To obtain a satisfactory postoperative outcome, those failure cases of MVD need to be analyzed. Between January and October 2009, 393 patients with primary HFS underwent MVD. Postoperatively, 375 presented complete spasm-free, 7 improved apparently, and 11 without any improvement at all. A reoperation was performed in 9 of the 11 patients who had poor outcome within 5 days. Those redo MVD cases were reviewed. After the reoperation, the symptom of those patients all disappeared immediately. Therefore, the final outcomes were excellent in 97.7%, good in 1.8%, and poor in 0.5%. Up to the 1 year follow-up period, neither recurrence nor change was found. For the two patients without reoperation, their symptoms remained. The previous surgery was a failure due to insufficient decompression in two and conflict missed in seven. A successful MVD operation is attributable to a thorough exploration of the entire nerve course. An early relief should become the ambition of the operator while performing MVD.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate mRNA expression of tyrosine-kinase receptors (TRKs) and neurotrophins (NTs) in human neuroblastomas.