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Journal of materials science / Materials in electronics 34, 651-9 (2023). doi:10.1007/s10854-023-10026-4, The oxide glass-ceramics is a promising class of solid state materials because they are based on thermally stable and chemically inert glass oxide matrices. Development of such efficient glass matrices suitable for creation of glass-ceramic materials for several purposes is an important practical task. The xLi$_2$O-yV$_2$O$_5$-(100-x-y)B$_2$O$_3$ undoped glass and 47Li$_2$O-$_2$V$_2$O$_5$-50B$_2$O$_3$-1La$_{0.3}$Eu$_{0.7}$VO$_4$ glass samples with crystalline nanoinclusions were synthesized and investigated using XRD, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy and UV band-to-band excitation of luminescence. The synthesized glass samples are characterized by wide band photoluminescence emission with maximum at 570 nm and intensity increased with increase of Li$_2$O concentration. The excitation spectra consist of three bands with maxima located at 270, 320 and 365 nm. The observed concentration dependencies of spectral distributions in the absorption and excitation spectra are explained by influence of the lithium ions on a ratio between triborate and tetraborate groups in the glass networks. The assumption is made that the observed wide band photoluminescence emission of the glass matrix can appear as a result of recombination processes between the defects in borate networks and the broken vanadate groups. The crystalline component in the doped glass samples is found to not affect the luminescence properties of the glass matrix. Intensity of narrow band photoluminescence emission of the crystalline component is up to 10 times more intense than that of the glass matrix wide band emission. The synthesized type of the glass matrices has promising characteristics for the use of developed materials in lighting devices, as it allows improving the spectral distribution of light emission towards the white light., Published by Springer Science + Business Media B.V, Dordrecht [u.a.]

Thin films from the LaVO4:Eu, Ca nanoparticles were successfully grown by pulsed laser deposition method on glass and silicon substrates for the first time. Morphology and thickness of the films depend on the type of substrate and number of pulses. The films are of 27–220 nm thickness and formed by very small particles (up to 20 nm) and also can contain single nanoparticles with dimensions of 40–60 nm and sometimes agglomerates of nanoparticles. Spectral properties of the samples have been investigated and discussed. The vanadate films deposited on the silicon substrates lead to appearance of antireflection properties in the visible range. Luminescence spectra of the investigated films consist of narrow lines caused by f–f transitions in the Eu3+ ions. For the samples on glass substrates the wide bands of glass emission also contributed to the spectra. The optimal experimental conditions which allowed to obtain films with promising applications as luminescent converters are considered.

The effect of neodymium addition in the composition of complex bismuth cuprates Bi2Sr2–xNdxCaCu2Oy (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) on their structural and electrophysical characteristics and catalytic properties is found. It is established that increase in the neodymium content is accompanied by antibate (inverse) change in the unit cell parameters, increased structural defectiveness, and slight increase of the superconducting temperature. The increased activity of the Nd-substituted cuprates in the oxidation of CO is due to increase in the defectiveness of the structure and the content of mobile oxygen in the crystal lattice.

Numerous investigations implicate pronounced changes in the functioning of T-type Ca2+ channels localized on the somata of primary nociceptor units in the development and maintenance of painful diabetic neuropathy. This review highlights the role of T-type Ca2+ channels of nociceptive afferents in the processing of pain signals under diabetic conditions, as well as suggests a promising therapeutic strategy to treat painful diabetic neuropathy.

Mechanical stirring of particles into a melt is used to obtain a composite material based on alloy Al – 3.5% Mg – 0.4% Mn – 0.15% Zr – 0.15% Sc reinforced with particles of B4C. The microstructure, the phase composition, the density, the adaptability to rolling, and the mechanical properties of the composite material are determined. The material has a high corrosion resistance and a yield strength exceeding 245 MPa, which is higher than the yield strength of the steels used today for making spent-fuel storage racks.

A facility for physical simulation is used to plot dependences of flow stress on the degree of deformation in the temperature range from 1000 to 1230°C at deformation rates from 0.1 sec–1 to 50 sec–1 for alloy KhN55MBYu-VD. The dependences obtained and the results of the determination of grain sizes are used to calculate the coefficients for models of the kinetics of dynamic recrystallization based on a Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov-type equation and of growth of dynamically recrystallized grains. The simulation of the grain size variation during dynamic recrystallization has shown that the deviation of the computed data from the experimental ones does not exceed 15%.

Using a semi-phenomenological model of the imbalanced Alfvenic turbulence, we study the turbulence transition from magnetohydrodynamic to sub-ion kinetic scales in the conditions typical for the fast solar wind. We show that the transition takes place in a wide wave number interval where the energy spectrum does not follow any power law. For larger turbulence imbalances, both boundaries of the transition wave number interval shift to larger scales. The energy exchange between dominant and subdominant components of the turbulence is essential in the model reducing the imbalance at kinetic scales; however, the total balance is never reached. Our results are compatible with recent solar wind observations at ion scales and numerical simulations of imbalanced turbulence.

Lamina I spino-parabrachial neurons (SPNs) receive peripheral nociceptive input, process it and transmit to the supraspinal centres. Although responses of SPNs to cutaneous receptive field stimulations have been intensively studied, the mechanisms of signal processing in these neurons are poorly understood. Therefore, we used an ex-vivo spinal cord preparation to examine synaptic and cellular mechanisms determining specific input-output characteristics of the neurons. The vast majority of the SPNs received a few direct nociceptive C-fiber inputs and generated one spike in response to saturating afferent stimulation, thus functioning as simple transducers of painful stimulus. However, 69% of afferent stimulation-induced action potentials in the entire SPN population originated from a small fraction (19%) of high-output neurons. These neurons received a larger number of direct Ad- and C-fiber inputs, generated intrinsic bursts and efficiently integrated a local network activity via NMDA-receptor-dependent mechanisms. The high-output SPNs amplified and integrated the nociceptive input gradually encoding its intensity into the number of generated spikes. Thus, different mechanisms of signal processing allow lamina I SPNs to play distinct roles in nociception. The authors thank Mr. Andrew Dromaretsky for the technical assistance. P.B. was supported by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), grant NASU # 0116U004470, grant NASU#67/15-Н. N.V. was supported by the NASU Biotechnology and NASU-KNU grants; NIH 1R01NS113189-01. B.V.S. was supported by the FEDER funds through the COMPETE 2020 (POCI), Portugal 2020, and by the FCT project PTDC/NEU-NMC/1259/2014 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016588)

Spino-cerebral (projection) neurons localized in lamina I of the spinal gray substance play an important role in the transmission of pain-related information to the brain. We examined spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC) recorded from lamina I spino-pontine neurons in isolated preparations of the rat lumbar spinal cord; the respective neurons were retrogradely labeled by a fluorescent dye. We tried to find out how experimentally induced peripheral inflammation affects the amplitude/time characteristics of these currents. It was found that, in preparations obtained from animals with inflammation of hind limb tissues, the frequency and (to a lesser extent) amplitude of sEPSC in projection neurons are, on average, higher than those measured in neurons of the control animals. It is belived that such changes result mostly from plastic modifications of neuron-to-neuron interactions in neuronal networks of lamina II, which form main synaptic inputs to neurons of lamina I. Increased frequency and amplitude of sEPSC in lamina I neurons should lead to some facilitation of transmission of nociceptive information to the cerebral structures. Such hyperexcitability of lamina 1 projection neurons can provide a notable contribution to the development of hyperalgesia in chronic inflammatory states and to facilitation of generation of pain-related emotions.

Organotypic cultures of the spinal cord possess significant advantages, as compared with routine cell systems in vitro; the cytoarchitectonics, cytospecificity of the cells, cell-to-cell connections, and other characteristics of spinal cord tissues are preserved to a considerable extent. We analyzed structural/functional characteristics of organotypic spinal cord slices of mice under conditions of long-lasting (one to three weeks) culturing. Immunohistochemical staining and patch-clamp recordings from cells of the substantia gelatinosa showed that the morphology of different cell types and cell-to-cell connections typical of normal spinal nerve tissue are clearly manifested in such organotypic spinal cord cultures. This is why that such a technique of spinal cord culturing can be successfully used in subsequent experimental studies, in particular, in the examination of different-type damages of the spinal cord.

Recent theoretical advances and observations indicate that magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) Alfvenic turbulence is anisotropic and cascades mainly toward small scales perpendicular to the mean magnetic field. Eventually, the turbulence cascade reaches the ion-gyroradius scales where Alfvenic turbulent fluctuations possess parallel electric fields. We show that the local enhancements of the solar-wind turbulence can generate proton beams running ahead of these enhancements. The basic process leading to the beam formation is proton reflections off the turbulent fluctuations at the MHD/kinetic spectral break. With the turbulence amplitudes observed in the solar wind, theory predicts beam number densities of about 0.1 of the background number density and beam velocities of about 1.3 of the Alfven velocity. These values fit the beam parameters measured in the solar wind well. In general, the more energetic proton beams with higher densities and velocities originate from higher turbulence levels and/or a hotter proton background. The higher the spectral break wavenumber, the faster the generated proton beam. These trends are to be examined by future solar wind observations.

Oral administration of green tea extract in a dose of 6 mg/kg twice a day (before and after exercise) over 2 weeks significantly increased swimming times on week 1 and 2 in comparison with control animals receiving water. The 7-day and final exhaustive running in rats was accompanied by a significant decrease in spleen weight and iron serum levels associated with developed reticulocytosis. Administration of green tea extract in a dose of 12 mg/kg once a day (before exercise) for 2 weeks did not affect the duration of the running, but prevented the decrease in serum iron and spleen weight, that, along with a significantly increased concentration of reduced glutathione in erythrocytes, can indicate a normalizing effect of green tea extract on hemopoiesis and stimulating effect on the antioxidant system of erythrocytes.

We study the influence of kinetic-scale Alfv\'enic turbulence on the generation of plasma radio emission in the solar coronal regions where the plasma/magnetic pressure ratio $\beta $ is smaller than the electron/ion mass ratio $m_{e}/m_{i}$. The present study is motivated by the phenomenon of solar type I radio storms associated with the strong magnetic field of active regions. The measured brightness temperature of the type I storms can be up to $10^{10}$ K for continuum emission, and can exceed $10^{11}$ K for type I bursts. At present, there is no generally accepted theory explaining such high brightness temperatures and some other properties of the type I storms. We propose the model with the imbalanced turbulence of kinetic-scale Alfv\'en waves producing an asymmetric quasilinear plateau on the upward half of the electron velocity distribution. The Landau damping of resonant Langmuir waves is suppressed and their amplitudes grow spontaneously above the thermal level. The estimated saturation level of Langmuir waves is high enough to generate observed type I radio emission at the fundamental plasma frequency. Harmonic emission does not appear in our model because the backward-propagating Langmuir waves undergo a strong Landau damping. Our model predicts $100\%$ polarization in the sense of the ordinary (o-) mode of type I emission., Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Solar Physics

The paper presents a brief analysis of the amplitude-frequency characteristics at a variable frequency of vibration excitation in a specimen and constant temperature and at a constant frequency of vibration excitation and variable temperature. The error of determination of the elastic and inelastic characteristics of high-damping materials is estimated by the resonance methods.

We propose a method and an automated installation aimed at the determination of the temperature dependences of the characteristics of elasticity and internal friction of metallic materials. In the course of the tests, the results of measurements of the temperature of the specimen, its resonance frequency, and the amplitude of vibrations at a given temperature are recorded in a computer. The moduli of elasticity and the characteristics of internal friction of the metal are computed at each given temperature by using the proposed relations. By analyzing the results of testing 012Kh18N10T steel, it is shown that the proposed method gives unusual results.

In the present paper, the proton velocity distribution function (VDF)in the solar wind is determined by solving numerically the kinetic evolution equation. We compare the results obtained when considering the effects of ex- ternal forces and Coulomb collisions with those obtained by adding effects of Alfven wave turbulence. We use Fokker-Planck diffusion terms due to Alfvenic turbulence, which take into account observed turbulence spectra and kinetic effects of finite proton gyroradius. Assuming a displaced Maxwellian for the proton VDF at the simulation boundary at 14 solar radii, we show that the turbulence leads to a fast (within several solar radii) development of the anti-sunward tail in the proton VDF. Our results provide a natural explanation for the nonthermal tails in the proton VDFs, which are often observed in-situ in the solar wind beyond 0.3 AU.

Ionotropic purine P2X receptors play important roles in the processes of generation and transmission of nociceptive signals. The relative roles of certain subtypes of these receptors in the above processes have not, however, been finally elucidated. To a significant extent, this is explained by the absence of selective modulators of their functioning. In this study, we examined the effects of a nonhydrolyzable analog of diadenosine polyphosphates (ADPs), diadenosine 5’,5’’’-P1,P4-(β,γ-methylene) tetraphosphate (AppCH 2 ppA), on purinoreceptors of segmental sensory neurons in vitro and also effects of this agent in vivo on nociception in rats under conditions of induction of different pain syndromes. As was found, this ADP selectively modulates functioning of purinoreceptors of the P2X 3 subtype, and high-affinity desensitization is the mechanism of this effect. It was observed that ADP significantly influences the mechanisms of peripheral, but not central, sensitization under inflammation conditions. The results obtained allow us to conclude that receptors of the P2X 3 subtype can be considered the main receptor group responsible for transmission of nociceptive information under the above-mentioned conditions. It was also demonstrated that P2X 3 receptors are practically not involved in the processes of generation of pain syndromes of neuropathic nature.

New derivatives of calix[4]arenes, containing two isoindole fragments in distal positions of the macrocycle upper rim were synthesized. According to NMR and molecular modeling data, the obtained calixarenes exist in “flattened cone” conformation with inclination angles of benzene rings to the macrocycle plane equal to 133–140° and 92–100°. Fluorometric studies showed the presence of self-aggregation of isoindolenylcalixarenes in acetone solutions starting from micromolar concentrations.

Both enantiomers of inherently chiral p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene carboxylic acids with ABHH substitution patterns have been prepared by stereoselective reaction of monopropoxy-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene with an (R)-N-(1-phenylethyl)bromoacetamide, separation of the diastereomers by column chromatography, and removal of the chiral auxiliary groups. The absolute configuration of obtained compounds has been established by X-ray analysis.

We obtain exact-order estimates for the best orthogonal trigonometric approximations of the classes B Ω p,θ of periodic functions of many variables in the space L q .

We obtain exact order estimates for the best M -term trigonometric approximations of the classes \( B_{p,\theta }^\Omega \) of periodic functions of many variables in the space Lq.

In the present study, we investigated whether the length of light/dark cycle could influence the pre-adult developmental time and adult life span in Drosophila melanogaster. Flies were reared to adulthood and maintained as adults under both 24-h (light/dark 12:12 h) and 48-h (light/dark 24:24 h) cycles. The flies reared during pre-adult stages at the 48-h light/dark cycle had significantly prolonged developmental time compared to those in flies reared at normal 24-h cycle. Irrespective of the duration of pre-adult light/dark period, the males maintained as adults at prolonged 48-h cycle had a 13–16% longer mean adult life span than those maintained at normal 24-h cycle (P < 0.001 in all cases). In females reared under normal 24-h cycle such differences were lower but also significant (P = 0.03); no significant difference in life span was found in females reared under prolonged 48-h cycle. The results are interpreted to demonstrate that pre-adult developmental time and adult life span in Drosophila melanogaster are both influenced by the length of light/dark cycle.

The Ultrasonic Peening (UP) is the most efficient technique for increasing the fatigue life of welded elements as compared to such existing improvement treatments as grinding, TIG-dressing, shot peening, hammer peening, etc. The results of experimental investigation of the efficiency of UP for rehabilitation and repair of welded elements and structures with the goal of preventing the origination and propagation of fatigue cracks are considered in this document. UP treatment was applied to large-scale welded specimens in as-welded condition, after 50 % of expected fatigue life and after repair of fatigue cracks. Also, different techniques for restraining and repair of fatigue cracks were analyzed and compared: overloading; drilling of the crack tips; drilling of the crack tips with installation of high strength bolts; local explosive treatment; local heat treatment; welding with and without UP of weld toe zones. As an example, the practical application of UP for rehabilitation and repair of welded elements of highway and railway bridges are also discussed.

Data on methods for the synthesis of isoindolo[2,1-a]benzimidazole and its derivatives and their chemical characteristics are reviewed. Data from quantum-chemical calculations of certain structures are presented. Possible practical applications of the compounds are indicated.

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) play a key role in the generalization and spreading of calcium waves in excitable cells; however, the question of the existence of functionally active RyRs in nonexcitable cells demonstrating the capacity for exocytosis (e.g., salivary gland acini) remains open. We studied changes in the total amount of calcium stored in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of acinar cells of the submandibular salivary gland of rats and changes in the concentration of ionized Ca2+ inside the ER ([Ca2+]ER) using, respectively, a metallochrome dye, arsenazo III, and a low-affinity fluorescent dye, mag-fura 2/AM. In permeabilized cells, caffeine caused dose-dependent decreases in the total amount of calcium and concentration of ionized calcium. The effective concentration of caffeine providing a 50% drop in the [Ca2+]ER (EC50) was, on average, 7.3 ± 1.1 mM. The caffeine-induced drop in the [Ca2+]ER was insensitive to heparin; in addition, it was blocked by high concentrations (100 µM) of ryanodine, potentiated by ryanodine applied in mild concentrations (10 µM), and also demonstrated a bell-shaped dependence on the concentration of cytoplasmic Ca2+. Such peculiarities are typical characteristics of the RyR-mediated reaction. Therefore, functional RyRs whose activation results in a transient release of calcium from the ER are present in acinar cells of the submandibular salivary gland.

Aims/hypothesis Numerous epidemiological studies have shown differences in seasonality of birth patterns between the general population and the group who develop type 1 diabetes mellitus. This finding indicates that environmental factors operating during pre- and/or postnatal development could be aetiologically important. We examined whether the pattern of month of birth for type 1 diabetes patients in Ukraine differs from that for total live births. Methods Data consist of prevalent cases of type 1 diabetes in Ukraine by the end of 2003. Cases are restricted to persons born after 1 January 1960, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before the age of 30 years (n=20,117). People born during the same time in the general population (n=29,105,560) were the reference standard. Seasonal patterns were estimated using logistic regression with harmonic terms. Results We found a strongly significant seasonal pattern of type 1 diabetes incidence rates (p

1. The pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy is a complex phenomenon, the mechanisms of which are not fully understood. Our previous studies have shown that the intracellular calcium signaling is impaired in primary and secondary nociceptive neurons in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Here, we investigated the effect of prolonged treatment with the L-type calcium channel blocker nimodipine on diabetes-induced changes in neuronal calcium signaling and pain sensitivity. 2. Diabetes was induced in young rats (21 p.d.) by a streptozotocin injection. After 3 weeks of diabetes development, the rats were treated with nimodipine for another 3 weeks. The effect of nimodipine treatment on calcium homeostasis in nociceptive dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRG) and substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons of the spinal cord slices was examined with fluorescent imaging technique. 3. Nimodipine treatment was not able to normalize elevated resting intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]( i )) levels in small DRG neurons. However, it was able to restore impaired Ca(2+) release from the ER, induced by either activation of ryanodine receptors or by receptor-independent mechanism in both DRG and SG neurons. 4. The beneficiary effects of nimodipine treatment on [Ca(2+)]( i ) signaling were paralleled with the reversal of diabetes-induced thermal hypoalgesia and normalization of the acute phase of the response to formalin injection. Nimodipine treatment was also able to shorten the duration of the tonic phase of formalin response to the control values. 5. To separate vasodilating effect of nimodipine Biessels et al., (Brain Res. 1035:86-93) from its effect on neuronal Ca(2+) channels, a group of STZ-diabetic rats was treated with vasodilator - enalapril. Enalapril treatment also have some beneficial effect on normalizing Ca(2+) release from the ER, however, it was far less explicit than the normalizing effect of nimodipine. Effect of enalapril treatment on nociceptive behavioral responses was also much less pronounced. It partially reversed diabetes-induced thermal hypoalgesia, but did not change the characteristics of the response to formalin injection. 6. The results of this study suggest that chronic nimodipine treatment may be effective in restoring diabetes-impaired neuronal calcium homeostasis as well as reduction of diabetes-induced thermal hypoalgesia and noxious stimuli responses. The nimodipine effect is mediated through a direct neuronal action combined with some vascular mechanism.

Synthesis of hydrated ammonium copper(II) zinc diphosphate was described. Its thermal properties were studied and schemes of thermal transformations were suggested.

A solid hydrous cadmium diphosphate ammine complex of composition Cd2P2O7 · 3.0NH3 · 4.5H2O is prepared, and its thermal transformations during constant-rate and quasi-isothermal heating are studied using chemical analysis, paper chromatography, and x-ray diffraction. The results are used to establish the mechanisms of the transformations.

We study instabilities driven by a sheared plasma flow in the low-frequency domain. Two unstable branches are found: the ion-sound mode and the kinetic Alfven mode. Both instabilities are aperiodic. The ion-sound instability does not depend on the plasma β (gas/magnetic pressure ratio) and has a maximum growth rate of about 0.1 of the velocity gradient dV0/dx. On the other hand, the kinetic Alfven instability is stronger for larger β and dominates the ion-sound instability for β > 0.05. Possible applications for space plasmas are shortly discussed.

To study changes in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and the total amount of calcium in cells, we used, respectively, the fluorescent dye fura 2/AM and the metallochrome dye arsenazo III. The total amount of calcium in acinar cells after their incubation in calcium-free ATP-containing extracellular solution decreased. The action of ATP induced a dose-dependent increase in the [Ca2+]i; the EC50 was, on average, 130 ± ± 36 μM. Calcium transients induced by ATP demonstrated no desensitization. Against the background of a blocker of ionotropic P2X receptors, pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulfonic acid, we observed a decrease in the ATP-induced calcium transients by 72%. In addition, these transients were reduced by 65% in the calcium-free milieu, while after thapsigargin-induced exhaustion of the endoplasmic reticulum store they disappeared. This is indicative of the involvement of metabotropic P2Y receptors in the formation of the above calcium transients. Therefore, P2X and P2Y receptors participate in ATP-induced calcium signalling in acinar cells of the submandibular salivary gland; activation of these channels results in a rise in the [Ca2+]i. The P2X receptors to a higher extent contribute to the formation of calcium signals; the P2Y-determined increase in the [Ca2+]i is smaller (equal to about 35%). Therefore, the functionally active ligand-operated ionotropic P2Y receptors and metabotropic G protein-related P2Y receptors do exist in acinar cells of the submandibular salivary gland and play an important role in the control of functioning of this gland.

A synthesis of amorphous hydrated zinc ammine diphosphate was described. Thermal properties of this compound were studied and schemes of thermal transformations were suggested.

In the resting state, the Ca2+ concentration in agonist-sensitive intracellular stores reflects the balance between active uptake of Ca2+, which is mediated by Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), and passive leakage of Ca2+. The mechanisms underlying such a leakage in cells of the submaxillary salivary gland were not studied. In our experiments, we examined possible pathways of passive leakage of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of acinar cells obtained from the rat submaxillary salivary gland; direct measurements of the concentration of Ca2+ in the ER ([Ca2+]ER) using a low-affinity calcium-sensitive dye, mag-fura 2/AM, were performed. The cellular membrane was permeabilized with the help of β-escin (40 μg/ml); the Ca2+ concentration in the cytoplasm ([Ca2+] i ) was clamped at its level typical of the resting state (∼100 nM) using an EGTA/Ca2+ buffer. Incubation of permeabilized acinar cells in a calcium-free intracellular milieu, as well as application of thapsigargin, resulted in complete inhibition of the uptake of Ca2+ with the involvement of SERCA. This effect was observed 1 min after the beginning of superfusion of the cells with the corresponding solutions and was accompanied by the leakage of Ca2+ from the ER; this is confirmed by a gradual drop in the [Ca2+]ER. Such a leakage of Ca2+ remained unchanged in the presence of thapsigargin, heparin, and ruthenium red; therefore, it is not mediated by SERCA, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive receptors (InsP3R), or ryanodine receptors (RyRs). At the same time, an antibiotic, puromycin (0.1 to 1.0 mM), which disconnects polypeptides from the ER-ribosome translocon complex, caused intensification of passive leakage of Ca2+ from the ER. This effect did not depend on the functioning of SERCA, InsP3R, or RyR. Therefore, passive leakage of Ca2+ from the ER in acinar cells of the submaxillary salivary gland is realized through pores of the translocon complex of the ER membrane.