1. Calming Down Mast Cells with Ketotifen: A Potential Strategy for Multiple Sclerosis Therapy?
- Author
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Luiza Ayumi Nishiyama Mimura, Thais Fernanda de Campos Fraga-Silva, Larissa Lumi Watanabe Ishikawa, Karen Henriette Pinke, Alexandrina Sartori, Vanessa Soares Lara, Ana Angélica Henrique Fernandes, Sofia Fernanda Gonçalves Zorzella-Pezavento, Larissa Ragozo Cardoso de Oliveira, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Ketotifen ,CPA3 ,Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental ,Multiple Sclerosis ,Inflammasomes ,Inflammation ,Inflammasome ,Multiple sclerosis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein ,medicine ,Animals ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Mast Cells ,Pharmacology ,Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ,ESTRESSE OXIDATIVO ,business.industry ,Blood-CNS barrier ,medicine.disease ,Mast cell ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Oxidative Stress ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Spinal Cord ,Gliosis ,Oxidative stress ,Ketotifen fumarate ,Immunology ,Female ,Mast Cell Stabilizers ,Original Article ,Neurology (clinical) ,Ketotifen Fumarate ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:46:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by extensive inflammation, demyelination, axonal loss and gliosis. Evidence indicates that mast cells contribute to immunopathogenesis of both MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is the most employed animal model to study this disease. Considering the inflammatory potential of mast cells, their presence at the CNS and their stabilization by certain drugs, we investigated the effect of ketotifen fumarate (Ket) on EAE development. EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with MOG35-55 and the animals were injected daily with Ket from the seventh to the 17th day after disease induction. This early intervention with Ket significantly reduced disease prevalence and severity. The protective effect was concomitant with less NLRP3 inflammasome activation, rebalanced oxidative stress and also reduced T cell infiltration at the CNS. Even though Ket administration did not alter mast cell percentage at the CNS, it decreased the local CPA3 and CMA1 mRNA expression that are enzymes typically produced by these cells. Evaluation of the CNS-barrier permeability indicated that Ket clearly restored the permeability levels of this barrier. Ket also triggered an evident lymphadenomegaly due to accumulation of T cells that produced higher levels of encephalitogenic cytokines in response to in vitro stimulation with MOG. Altogether these findings reinforce the concept that mast cells are particularly relevant in MS immunopathogenesis and that Ket, a known stabilizer of their activity, has the potential to be used in MS control. Department of Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Dr. Plinio Pinto e Silva, S/N, Distrito de Rubião Júnior Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Surgery Stomatology Pathology and Radiology Bauru School of Dentistry University of São Paulo (USP) Department of Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Dr. Plinio Pinto e Silva, S/N, Distrito de Rubião Júnior Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP)
- Published
- 2019