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1. Streamflow seasonality in a snow-dwindling world

Author

Han, Juntai, primary, Liu, Ziwei, additional, Woods, Ross, additional, McVicar, Tim R., additional, Yang, Dawen, additional, Wang, Taihua, additional, Hou, Ying, additional, Guo, Yuhan, additional, Li, Changming, additional, and Yang, Yuting, additional

Published
2024
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3. An assessment of federal alcohol policies in Canada and priority recommendations: Results from the 3rd Canadian Alcohol Policy Evaluation Project

Author

Farkouh, Elizabeth K., primary, Vallance, Kate, additional, Wettlaufer, Ashley, additional, Giesbrecht, Norman, additional, Asbridge, Mark, additional, Farrell-Low, Amanda M., additional, Gagnon, Marilou, additional, Price, Tina R., additional, Priore, Isabella, additional, Shelley, Jacob, additional, Sherk, Adam, additional, Shield, Kevin D., additional, Solomon, Robert, additional, Stockwell, Tim R., additional, Thompson, Kara, additional, Vishnevsky, Nicole, additional, and Naimi, Timothy S., additional

Published
2024
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4. Assessment of three antibiotic combination regimens against Gram-negative bacteria causing neonatal sepsis in low- and middle-income countries

Author

Kakaraskoska Boceska, Biljana, primary, Vilken, Tuba, additional, Xavier, Basil Britto, additional, Kostyanev, Tomislav, additional, Lin, Qiang, additional, Lammens, Christine, additional, Ellis, Sally, additional, O’Brien, Seamus, additional, da Costa, Renata Maria Augusto, additional, Cook, Aislinn, additional, Russell, Neal, additional, Bielicki, Julia, additional, Riddell, Amy, additional, Stohr, Wolfgang, additional, Walker, Ann Sarah, additional, Berezin, Eitan Naaman, additional, Roilides, Emmanuel, additional, De Luca, Maia, additional, Romani, Lorenza, additional, Ballot, Daynia, additional, Dramowski, Angela, additional, Wadula, Jeannette, additional, Lochindarat, Sorasak, additional, Boonkasidecha, Suppawat, additional, Namiiro, Flavia, additional, Ngoc, Hoang Thi Bich, additional, Tran, Minh Dien, additional, Cressey, Tim R., additional, Preedisripipat, Kanchana, additional, Berkley, James A., additional, Musyimi, Robert, additional, Zarras, Charalampos, additional, Nana, Trusha, additional, Whitelaw, Andrew, additional, da Silva, Cely Barreto, additional, Jaglal, Prenika, additional, Ssengooba, Willy, additional, Saha, Samir K., additional, Islam, Mohammad Shahidul, additional, Mussi-Pinhata, Marisa Marcia, additional, Carvalheiro, Cristina Gardonyi, additional, Piddock, Laura J. V., additional, Heath, Paul T., additional, Malhotra-Kumar, Surbhi, additional, Sharland, Michael, additional, Glupczynski, Youri, additional, and Goossens, Herman, additional

Published
2024
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6. Author Correction: One sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is dependent on river floodplains

Author

Householder, John Ethan, primary, Wittmann, Florian, additional, Schöngart, Jochen, additional, Piedade, Maria Teresa Fernandez, additional, Junk, Wolfgang J., additional, Latrubesse, Edgardo Manuel, additional, Quaresma, Adriano Costa, additional, Demarchi, Layon O., additional, de S. Lobo, Guilherme, additional, Aguiar, Daniel P. P. de, additional, Assis, Rafael L., additional, Lopes, Aline, additional, Parolin, Pia, additional, Leão do Amaral, Iêda, additional, Coelho, Luiz de Souza, additional, de Almeida Matos, Francisca Dionízia, additional, Lima Filho, Diógenes de Andrade, additional, Salomão, Rafael P., additional, Castilho, Carolina V., additional, Guevara-Andino, Juan Ernesto, additional, Carim, Marcelo de Jesus Veiga, additional, Phillips, Oliver L., additional, Cárdenas López, Dairon, additional, Magnusson, William E., additional, Sabatier, Daniel, additional, Revilla, Juan David Cardenas, additional, Molino, Jean-François, additional, Irume, Mariana Victória, additional, Martins, Maria Pires, additional, Guimarães, José Renan da Silva, additional, Ramos, José Ferreira, additional, Rodrigues, Domingos de Jesus, additional, Bánki, Olaf S., additional, Peres, Carlos A., additional, Pitman, Nigel C. A., additional, Hawes, Joseph E., additional, Almeida, Everton José, additional, Barbosa, Luciane Ferreira, additional, Cavalheiro, Larissa, additional, dos Santos, Márcia Cléia Vilela, additional, Luize, Bruno Garcia, additional, Novo, Evlyn Márcia Moraes de Leão, additional, Núñez Vargas, Percy, additional, Silva, Thiago Sanna Freire, additional, Venticinque, Eduardo Martins, additional, Manzatto, Angelo Gilberto, additional, Reis, Neidiane Farias Costa, additional, Terborgh, John, additional, Casula, Katia Regina, additional, Costa, Flávia R. C., additional, Honorio Coronado, Euridice N., additional, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, additional, Montero, Juan Carlos, additional, Feldpausch, Ted R., additional, Aymard C, Gerardo A., additional, Baraloto, Chris, additional, Castaño Arboleda, Nicolás, additional, Engel, Julien, additional, Petronelli, Pascal, additional, Zartman, Charles Eugene, additional, Killeen, Timothy J., additional, Rincón, Lorena Maniguaje, additional, Marimon, Beatriz S., additional, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, additional, Schietti, Juliana, additional, Sousa, Thaiane R., additional, Vasquez, Rodolfo, additional, Mostacedo, Bonifacio, additional, Dantas do Amaral, Dário, additional, Castellanos, Hernán, additional, Medeiros, Marcelo Brilhante de, additional, Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni, additional, Andrade, Ana, additional, Camargo, José Luís, additional, Laurance, William F., additional, Laurance, Susan G. W., additional, Farias, Emanuelle de Sousa, additional, Lopes, Maria Aparecida, additional, Magalhães, José Leonardo Lima, additional, Mendonça Nascimento, Henrique Eduardo, additional, Queiroz, Helder Lima de, additional, Brienen, Roel, additional, Stevenson, Pablo R., additional, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, additional, Baker, Tim R., additional, Cintra, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat, additional, Feitosa, Yuri Oliveira, additional, Mogollón, Hugo F., additional, Noronha, Janaína Costa, additional, Barbosa, Flávia Rodrigues, additional, de Sá Carpanedo, Rainiellen, additional, Duivenvoorden, Joost F., additional, Silman, Miles R., additional, Ferreira, Leandro Valle, additional, Levis, Carolina, additional, Lozada, José Rafael, additional, Comiskey, James A., additional, Draper, Freddie C., additional, Toledo, José Julio de, additional, Damasco, Gabriel, additional, Dávila, Nállarett, additional, García-Villacorta, Roosevelt, additional, Vicentini, Alberto, additional, Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, additional, Alonso, Alfonso, additional, Arroyo, Luzmila, additional, Dallmeier, Francisco, additional, Gomes, Vitor H. F., additional, Jimenez, Eliana M., additional, Neill, David, additional, Peñuela Mora, Maria Cristina, additional, Carvalho, Fernanda Antunes, additional, Coelho de Souza, Fernanda, additional, Feeley, Kenneth J., additional, Gribel, Rogerio, additional, Pansonato, Marcelo Petratti, additional, Ríos Paredes, Marcos, additional, Barlow, Jos, additional, Berenguer, Erika, additional, Dexter, Kyle G., additional, Ferreira, Joice, additional, Fine, Paul V. A., additional, Guedes, Marcelino Carneiro, additional, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, additional, Licona, Juan Carlos, additional, Pennington, Toby, additional, Villa Zegarra, Boris Eduardo, additional, Vos, Vincent Antoine, additional, Cerón, Carlos, additional, Fonty, Émile, additional, Henkel, Terry W., additional, Maas, Paul, additional, Pos, Edwin, additional, Silveira, Marcos, additional, Stropp, Juliana, additional, Thomas, Raquel, additional, Daly, Doug, additional, Milliken, William, additional, Pardo Molina, Guido, additional, Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães, additional, Albuquerque, Bianca Weiss, additional, Campelo, Wegliane, additional, Emilio, Thaise, additional, Fuentes, Alfredo, additional, Klitgaard, Bente, additional, Marcelo Pena, José Luis, additional, Souza, Priscila F., additional, Tello, J. Sebastián, additional, Vriesendorp, Corine, additional, Chave, Jerome, additional, Di Fiore, Anthony, additional, Hilário, Renato Richard, additional, Pereira, Luciana de Oliveira, additional, Phillips, Juan Fernando, additional, Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo, additional, van Andel, Tinde R., additional, von Hildebrand, Patricio, additional, Balee, William, additional, Barbosa, Edelcilio Marques, additional, Bonates, Luiz Carlos de Matos, additional, Doza, Hilda Paulette Dávila, additional, Gómez, Ricardo Zárate, additional, Gonzales, Therany, additional, Gonzales, George Pepe Gallardo, additional, Hoffman, Bruce, additional, Junqueira, André Braga, additional, Malhi, Yadvinder, additional, Miranda, Ires Paula de Andrade, additional, Mozombite-Pinto, Linder Felipe, additional, Prieto, Adriana, additional, Rudas, Agustín, additional, Ruschel, Ademir R., additional, Silva, Natalino, additional, Vela, César I. A., additional, Zent, Stanford, additional, Zent, Egleé L., additional, Cano, Angela, additional, Carrero Márquez, Yrma Andreina, additional, Correa, Diego F., additional, Costa, Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa, additional, Flores, Bernardo Monteiro, additional, Galbraith, David, additional, Holmgren, Milena, additional, Kalamandeen, Michelle, additional, Nascimento, Marcelo Trindade, additional, Oliveira, Alexandre A., additional, Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, additional, Rocha, Maira, additional, Scudeller, Veridiana Vizoni, additional, Sierra, Rodrigo, additional, Tirado, Milton, additional, Umaña, Maria Natalia, additional, van der Heijden, Geertje, additional, Vilanova Torre, Emilio, additional, Ahuite Reategui, Manuel Augusto, additional, Baider, Cláudia, additional, Balslev, Henrik, additional, Cárdenas, Sasha, additional, Casas, Luisa Fernanda, additional, Farfan-Rios, William, additional, Ferreira, Cid, additional, Linares-Palomino, Reynaldo, additional, Mendoza, Casimiro, additional, Mesones, Italo, additional, Parada, Germaine Alexander, additional, Torres-Lezama, Armando, additional, Urrego Giraldo, Ligia Estela, additional, Villarroel, Daniel, additional, Zagt, Roderick, additional, Alexiades, Miguel N., additional, de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, additional, Garcia-Cabrera, Karina, additional, Hernandez, Lionel, additional, Palacios Cuenca, Walter, additional, Pansini, Susamar, additional, Pauletto, Daniela, additional, Ramirez Arevalo, Freddy, additional, Sampaio, Adeilza Felipe, additional, Valderrama Sandoval, Elvis H., additional, Valenzuela Gamarra, Luis, additional, and ter Steege, Hans, additional

Published
2024
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8. Mammal responses to global changes in human activity vary by trophic group and landscape

Author

Burton, A. Cole, primary, Beirne, Christopher, additional, Gaynor, Kaitlyn M., additional, Sun, Catherine, additional, Granados, Alys, additional, Allen, Maximilian L., additional, Alston, Jesse M., additional, Alvarenga, Guilherme C., additional, Calderón, Francisco Samuel Álvarez, additional, Amir, Zachary, additional, Anhalt-Depies, Christine, additional, Appel, Cara, additional, Arroyo-Arce, Stephanny, additional, Balme, Guy, additional, Bar-Massada, Avi, additional, Barcelos, Daniele, additional, Barr, Evan, additional, Barthelmess, Erika L., additional, Baruzzi, Carolina, additional, Basak, Sayantani M., additional, Beenaerts, Natalie, additional, Belmaker, Jonathan, additional, Belova, Olgirda, additional, Bezarević, Branko, additional, Bird, Tori, additional, Bogan, Daniel A., additional, Bogdanović, Neda, additional, Boyce, Andy, additional, Boyce, Mark, additional, Brandt, LaRoy, additional, Brodie, Jedediah F., additional, Brooke, Jarred, additional, Bubnicki, Jakub W., additional, Cagnacci, Francesca, additional, Carr, Benjamin Scott, additional, Carvalho, João, additional, Casaer, Jim, additional, Černe, Rok, additional, Chen, Ron, additional, Chow, Emily, additional, Churski, Marcin, additional, Cincotta, Connor, additional, Ćirović, Duško, additional, Coates, T. D., additional, Compton, Justin, additional, Coon, Courtney, additional, Cove, Michael V., additional, Crupi, Anthony P., additional, Farra, Simone Dal, additional, Darracq, Andrea K., additional, Davis, Miranda, additional, Dawe, Kimberly, additional, De Waele, Valerie, additional, Descalzo, Esther, additional, Diserens, Tom A., additional, Drimaj, Jakub, additional, Duľa, Martin, additional, Ellis-Felege, Susan, additional, Ellison, Caroline, additional, Ertürk, Alper, additional, Fantle-Lepczyk, Jean, additional, Favreau, Jorie, additional, Fennell, Mitch, additional, Ferreras, Pablo, additional, Ferretti, Francesco, additional, Fiderer, Christian, additional, Finnegan, Laura, additional, Fisher, Jason T., additional, Fisher-Reid, M. Caitlin, additional, Flaherty, Elizabeth A., additional, Fležar, Urša, additional, Flousek, Jiří, additional, Foca, Jennifer M., additional, Ford, Adam, additional, Franzetti, Barbara, additional, Frey, Sandra, additional, Fritts, Sarah, additional, Frýbová, Šárka, additional, Furnas, Brett, additional, Gerber, Brian, additional, Geyle, Hayley M., additional, Giménez, Diego G., additional, Giordano, Anthony J., additional, Gomercic, Tomislav, additional, Gompper, Matthew E., additional, Gräbin, Diogo Maia, additional, Gray, Morgan, additional, Green, Austin, additional, Hagen, Robert, additional, Hammerich, Steven, additional, Hanekom, Catharine, additional, Hansen, Christopher, additional, Hasstedt, Steven, additional, Hebblewhite, Mark, additional, Heurich, Marco, additional, Hofmeester, Tim R., additional, Hubbard, Tru, additional, Jachowski, David, additional, Jansen, Patrick A., additional, Jaspers, Kodi Jo, additional, Jensen, Alex, additional, Jordan, Mark, additional, Kaizer, Mariane C., additional, Kelly, Marcella J., additional, Kohl, Michel T., additional, Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie, additional, Krofel, Miha, additional, Krug, Andrea, additional, Kuhn, Kellie M., additional, Kuijper, Dries P. J., additional, Kuprewicz, Erin K., additional, Kusak, Josip, additional, Kutal, Miroslav, additional, Lafferty, Diana J. R., additional, LaRose, Summer, additional, Lashley, Marcus, additional, Lathrop, Richard, additional, Lee, Thomas E., additional, Lepczyk, Christopher, additional, Lesmeister, Damon B., additional, Licoppe, Alain, additional, Linnell, Marco, additional, Loch, Jan, additional, Long, Robert, additional, Lonsinger, Robert C., additional, Louvrier, Julie, additional, Luskin, Matthew Scott, additional, MacKay, Paula, additional, Maher, Sean, additional, Manet, Benoît, additional, Mann, Gareth K. H., additional, Marshall, Andrew J., additional, Mason, David, additional, McDonald, Zara, additional, McKay, Tracy, additional, McShea, William J., additional, Mechler, Matt, additional, Miaud, Claude, additional, Millspaugh, Joshua J., additional, Monteza-Moreno, Claudio M., additional, Moreira-Arce, Dario, additional, Mullen, Kayleigh, additional, Nagy, Christopher, additional, Naidoo, Robin, additional, Namir, Itai, additional, Nelson, Carrie, additional, O’Neill, Brian, additional, O’Mara, M. Teague, additional, Oberosler, Valentina, additional, Osorio, Christian, additional, Ossi, Federico, additional, Palencia, Pablo, additional, Pearson, Kimberly, additional, Pedrotti, Luca, additional, Pekins, Charles E., additional, Pendergast, Mary, additional, Pinho, Fernando F., additional, Plhal, Radim, additional, Pocasangre-Orellana, Xochilt, additional, Price, Melissa, additional, Procko, Michael, additional, Proctor, Mike D., additional, Ramalho, Emiliano Esterci, additional, Ranc, Nathan, additional, Reljic, Slaven, additional, Remine, Katie, additional, Rentz, Michael, additional, Revord, Ronald, additional, Reyna-Hurtado, Rafael, additional, Risch, Derek, additional, Ritchie, Euan G., additional, Romero, Andrea, additional, Rota, Christopher, additional, Rovero, Francesco, additional, Rowe, Helen, additional, Rutz, Christian, additional, Salvatori, Marco, additional, Sandow, Derek, additional, Schalk, Christopher M., additional, Scherger, Jenna, additional, Schipper, Jan, additional, Scognamillo, Daniel G., additional, Şekercioğlu, Çağan H., additional, Semenzato, Paola, additional, Sevin, Jennifer, additional, Shamon, Hila, additional, Shier, Catherine, additional, Silva-Rodríguez, Eduardo A., additional, Sindicic, Magda, additional, Smyth, Lucy K., additional, Soyumert, Anil, additional, Sprague, Tiffany, additional, St. Clair, Colleen Cassady, additional, Stenglein, Jennifer, additional, Stephens, Philip A., additional, Stępniak, Kinga Magdalena, additional, Stevens, Michael, additional, Stevenson, Cassondra, additional, Ternyik, Bálint, additional, Thomson, Ian, additional, Torres, Rita T., additional, Tremblay, Joan, additional, Urrutia, Tomas, additional, Vacher, Jean-Pierre, additional, Visscher, Darcy, additional, Webb, Stephen L., additional, Weber, Julian, additional, Weiss, Katherine C. B., additional, Whipple, Laura S., additional, Whittier, Christopher A., additional, Whittington, Jesse, additional, Wierzbowska, Izabela, additional, Wikelski, Martin, additional, Williamson, Jacque, additional, Wilmers, Christopher C., additional, Windle, Todd, additional, Wittmer, Heiko U., additional, Zharikov, Yuri, additional, Zorn, Adam, additional, and Kays, Roland, additional

Published
2024
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9. Impact of hemodilution on flow cytometry based measurable residual disease assessment in acute myeloid leukemia

Author

Tettero, Jesse M., primary, Heidinga, Maaike E., additional, Mocking, Tim R., additional, Fransen, Glenn, additional, Kelder, Angèle, additional, Scholten, Willemijn J., additional, Snel, Alexander N., additional, Ngai, Lok Lam, additional, Bachas, Costa, additional, van de Loosdrecht, Arjan A., additional, Ossenkoppele, Gert J., additional, de Leeuw, David C., additional, Cloos, Jacqueline, additional, and Janssen, Jeroen J. W. M., additional

Published
2024
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13. Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Author

ter Steege, Hans, primary, Pitman, Nigel C. A., additional, do Amaral, Iêda Leão, additional, de Souza Coelho, Luiz, additional, de Almeida Matos, Francisca Dionízia, additional, de Andrade Lima Filho, Diógenes, additional, Salomão, Rafael P., additional, Wittmann, Florian, additional, Castilho, Carolina V., additional, Guevara, Juan Ernesto, additional, Veiga Carim, Marcelo de Jesus, additional, Phillips, Oliver L., additional, Magnusson, William E., additional, Sabatier, Daniel, additional, Revilla, Juan David Cardenas, additional, Molino, Jean-François, additional, Irume, Mariana Victória, additional, Martins, Maria Pires, additional, da Silva Guimarães, José Renan, additional, Ramos, José Ferreira, additional, Bánki, Olaf S., additional, Piedade, Maria Teresa Fernandez, additional, Cárdenas López, Dairon, additional, Rodrigues, Domingos de Jesus, additional, Demarchi, Layon O., additional, Schöngart, Jochen, additional, Almeida, Everton José, additional, Barbosa, Luciane Ferreira, additional, Cavalheiro, Larissa, additional, dos Santos, Márcia Cléia Vilela, additional, Luize, Bruno Garcia, additional, de Leão Novo, Evlyn Márcia Moraes, additional, Vargas, Percy Núñez, additional, Silva, Thiago Sanna Freire, additional, Venticinque, Eduardo Martins, additional, Manzatto, Angelo Gilberto, additional, Reis, Neidiane Farias Costa, additional, Terborgh, John, additional, Casula, Katia Regina, additional, Honorio Coronado, Euridice N., additional, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, additional, Montero, Juan Carlos, additional, Costa, Flávia R. C., additional, Feldpausch, Ted R., additional, Quaresma, Adriano Costa, additional, Castaño Arboleda, Nicolás, additional, Zartman, Charles Eugene, additional, Killeen, Timothy J., additional, Marimon, Beatriz S., additional, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, additional, Vasquez, Rodolfo, additional, Mostacedo, Bonifacio, additional, Assis, Rafael L., additional, Baraloto, Chris, additional, do Amaral, Dário Dantas, additional, Engel, Julien, additional, Petronelli, Pascal, additional, Castellanos, Hernán, additional, de Medeiros, Marcelo Brilhante, additional, Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni, additional, Andrade, Ana, additional, Camargo, José Luís, additional, Laurance, William F., additional, Laurance, Susan G. W., additional, Maniguaje Rincón, Lorena, additional, Schietti, Juliana, additional, Sousa, Thaiane R., additional, de Sousa Farias, Emanuelle, additional, Lopes, Maria Aparecida, additional, Magalhães, José Leonardo Lima, additional, Nascimento, Henrique Eduardo Mendonça, additional, de Queiroz, Helder Lima, additional, Aymard C., Gerardo A., additional, Brienen, Roel, additional, Stevenson, Pablo R., additional, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, additional, Baker, Tim R., additional, Cintra, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat, additional, Feitosa, Yuri Oliveira, additional, Mogollón, Hugo F., additional, Duivenvoorden, Joost F., additional, Peres, Carlos A., additional, Silman, Miles R., additional, Ferreira, Leandro Valle, additional, Lozada, José Rafael, additional, Comiskey, James A., additional, Draper, Freddie C., additional, de Toledo, José Julio, additional, Damasco, Gabriel, additional, García-Villacorta, Roosevelt, additional, Lopes, Aline, additional, Vicentini, Alberto, additional, Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, additional, Alonso, Alfonso, additional, Arroyo, Luzmila, additional, Dallmeier, Francisco, additional, Gomes, Vitor H. F., additional, Jimenez, Eliana M., additional, Neill, David, additional, Peñuela Mora, Maria Cristina, additional, Noronha, Janaína Costa, additional, de Aguiar, Daniel P. P., additional, Barbosa, Flávia Rodrigues, additional, Bredin, Yennie K., additional, de Sá Carpanedo, Rainiellen, additional, Carvalho, Fernanda Antunes, additional, de Souza, Fernanda Coelho, additional, Feeley, Kenneth J., additional, Gribel, Rogerio, additional, Haugaasen, Torbjørn, additional, Hawes, Joseph E., additional, Pansonato, Marcelo Petratti, additional, Ríos Paredes, Marcos, additional, Barlow, Jos, additional, Berenguer, Erika, additional, da Silva, Izaias Brasil, additional, Ferreira, Maria Julia, additional, Ferreira, Joice, additional, Fine, Paul V. A., additional, Guedes, Marcelino Carneiro, additional, Levis, Carolina, additional, Licona, Juan Carlos, additional, Villa Zegarra, Boris Eduardo, additional, Vos, Vincent Antoine, additional, Cerón, Carlos, additional, Durgante, Flávia Machado, additional, Fonty, Émile, additional, Henkel, Terry W., additional, Householder, John Ethan, additional, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, additional, Pos, Edwin, additional, Silveira, Marcos, additional, Stropp, Juliana, additional, Thomas, Raquel, additional, Daly, Doug, additional, Dexter, Kyle G., additional, Milliken, William, additional, Molina, Guido Pardo, additional, Pennington, Toby, additional, Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães, additional, Weiss Albuquerque, Bianca, additional, Campelo, Wegliane, additional, Fuentes, Alfredo, additional, Klitgaard, Bente, additional, Pena, José Luis Marcelo, additional, Tello, J. Sebastián, additional, Vriesendorp, Corine, additional, Chave, Jerome, additional, Di Fiore, Anthony, additional, Hilário, Renato Richard, additional, de Oliveira Pereira, Luciana, additional, Phillips, Juan Fernando, additional, Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo, additional, van Andel, Tinde R., additional, von Hildebrand, Patricio, additional, Balee, William, additional, Barbosa, Edelcilio Marques, additional, de Matos Bonates, Luiz Carlos, additional, Dávila Doza, Hilda Paulette, additional, Zárate Gómez, Ricardo, additional, Gonzales, Therany, additional, Gallardo Gonzales, George Pepe, additional, Hoffman, Bruce, additional, Junqueira, André Braga, additional, Malhi, Yadvinder, additional, de Andrade Miranda, Ires Paula, additional, Pinto, Linder Felipe Mozombite, additional, Prieto, Adriana, additional, Rudas, Agustín, additional, Ruschel, Ademir R., additional, Silva, Natalino, additional, Vela, César I. A., additional, Zent, Egleé L., additional, Zent, Stanford, additional, Cano, Angela, additional, Carrero Márquez, Yrma Andreina, additional, Correa, Diego F., additional, Costa, Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa, additional, Flores, Bernardo Monteiro, additional, Galbraith, David, additional, Holmgren, Milena, additional, Kalamandeen, Michelle, additional, Lobo, Guilherme, additional, Torres Montenegro, Luis, additional, Nascimento, Marcelo Trindade, additional, Oliveira, Alexandre A., additional, Pombo, Maihyra Marina, additional, Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, additional, Rocha, Maira, additional, Scudeller, Veridiana Vizoni, additional, Sierra, Rodrigo, additional, Tirado, Milton, additional, Umaña, Maria Natalia, additional, van der Heijden, Geertje, additional, Vilanova Torre, Emilio, additional, Reategui, Manuel Augusto Ahuite, additional, Baider, Cláudia, additional, Balslev, Henrik, additional, Cárdenas, Sasha, additional, Casas, Luisa Fernanda, additional, Endara, María José, additional, Farfan-Rios, William, additional, Ferreira, Cid, additional, Linares-Palomino, Reynaldo, additional, Mendoza, Casimiro, additional, Mesones, Italo, additional, Parada, Germaine Alexander, additional, Torres-Lezama, Armando, additional, Urrego Giraldo, Ligia Estela, additional, Villarroel, Daniel, additional, Zagt, Roderick, additional, Alexiades, Miguel N., additional, de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, additional, Garcia-Cabrera, Karina, additional, Hernandez, Lionel, additional, Cuenca, Walter Palacios, additional, Pansini, Susamar, additional, Pauletto, Daniela, additional, Ramirez Arevalo, Freddy, additional, Sampaio, Adeilza Felipe, additional, Valderrama Sandoval, Elvis H., additional, Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela, additional, Levesley, Aurora, additional, Pickavance, Georgia, additional, and Melgaço, Karina, additional

Published
2023
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16. The accumulation of erythrocytes quantified and visualized by Glycophorin C in carotid atherosclerotic plaque reflects intraplaque hemorrhage and pre-procedural neurological symptoms

Author

Mekke, Joost M., primary, Sakkers, Tim R., additional, Verwer, Maarten C., additional, van den Dungen, Noortje A. M., additional, Song, Yipei, additional, Miller, Clint L., additional, Finn, Aloke V., additional, Pasterkamp, Gerard, additional, Mokry, Michal, additional, den Ruijter, Hester M., additional, Vink, Aryan, additional, de Kleijn, Dominique P. V., additional, de Borst, Gert J., additional, Haitjema, Saskia, additional, and van der Laan, Sander W., additional

Published
2023
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17. mRNA vaccine quality analysis using RNA sequencing

Author

Gunter, Helen M., primary, Idrisoglu, Senel, additional, Singh, Swati, additional, Han, Dae Jong, additional, Ariens, Emily, additional, Peters, Jonathan R., additional, Wong, Ted, additional, Cheetham, Seth W., additional, Xu, Jun, additional, Rai, Subash Kumar, additional, Feldman, Robert, additional, Herbert, Andy, additional, Marcellin, Esteban, additional, Tropee, Romain, additional, Munro, Trent, additional, and Mercer, Tim R., additional

Published
2023
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19. Evapotranspiration on a greening Earth

Author

Yang, Yuting, primary, Roderick, Michael L., additional, Guo, Hui, additional, Miralles, Diego G., additional, Zhang, Lu, additional, Fatichi, Simone, additional, Luo, Xiangzhong, additional, Zhang, Yongqiang, additional, McVicar, Tim R., additional, Tu, Zhuoyi, additional, Keenan, Trevor F., additional, Fisher, Joshua B., additional, Gan, Rong, additional, Zhang, Xuanze, additional, Piao, Shilong, additional, Zhang, Baoqing, additional, and Yang, Dawen, additional

Published
2023
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21. Unraveling Amazon tree community assembly using Maximum Information Entropy: a quantitative analysis of tropical forest ecology

Author

Pos, Edwin, primary, de Souza Coelho, Luiz, additional, de Andrade Lima Filho, Diogenes, additional, Salomão, Rafael P., additional, Amaral, Iêda Leão, additional, de Almeida Matos, Francisca Dionízia, additional, Castilho, Carolina V., additional, Phillips, Oliver L., additional, Guevara, Juan Ernesto, additional, de Jesus Veiga Carim, Marcelo, additional, López, Dairon Cárdenas, additional, Magnusson, William E., additional, Wittmann, Florian, additional, Irume, Mariana Victória, additional, Martins, Maria Pires, additional, Sabatier, Daniel, additional, da Silva Guimarães, José Renan, additional, Molino, Jean-François, additional, Bánki, Olaf S., additional, Piedade, Maria Teresa Fernandez, additional, Pitman, Nigel C. A., additional, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, additional, Ramos, José Ferreira, additional, Hawes, Joseph E., additional, Almeida, Everton José, additional, Barbosa, Luciane Ferreira, additional, Cavalheiro, Larissa, additional, dos Santos, Márcia Cléia Vilela, additional, Luize, Bruno Garcia, additional, de Leão Novo, Evlyn Márcia Moraes, additional, Vargas, Percy Núñez, additional, Silva, Thiago Sanna Freire, additional, Venticinque, Eduardo Martins, additional, Manzatto, Angelo Gilberto, additional, Reis, Neidiane Farias Costa, additional, Terborgh, John, additional, Casula, Katia Regina, additional, Coronado, Euridice N. Honorio, additional, Montero, Juan Carlos, additional, Marimon, Beatriz S., additional, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, additional, Feldpausch, Ted R., additional, Duque, Alvaro, additional, Baraloto, Chris, additional, Arboleda, Nicolás Castaño, additional, Engel, Julien, additional, Petronelli, Pascal, additional, Zartman, Charles Eugene, additional, Killeen, Timothy J., additional, Vasquez, Rodolfo, additional, Mostacedo, Bonifacio, additional, Assis, Rafael L., additional, Schöngart, Jochen, additional, Castellanos, Hernán, additional, de Medeiros, Marcelo Brilhante, additional, Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni, additional, Andrade, Ana, additional, Camargo, José Luís, additional, Demarchi, Layon O., additional, Laurance, William F., additional, Laurance, Susan G. W., additional, de Sousa Farias, Emanuelle, additional, Lopes, Maria Aparecida, additional, Magalhães, José Leonardo Lima, additional, Nascimento, Henrique Eduardo Mendonça, additional, de Queiroz, Helder Lima, additional, Aymard, Gerardo A. C., additional, Brienen, Roel, additional, Revilla, Juan David Cardenas, additional, Costa, Flávia R. C., additional, Quaresma, Adriano, additional, Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães, additional, Cintra, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat, additional, Stevenson, Pablo R., additional, Feitosa, Yuri Oliveira, additional, Duivenvoorden, Joost F., additional, Mogollón, Hugo F., additional, Ferreira, Leandro Valle, additional, Comiskey, James A., additional, Draper, Freddie, additional, de Toledo, José Julio, additional, Damasco, Gabriel, additional, Dávila, Nállarett, additional, García-Villacorta, Roosevelt, additional, Lopes, Aline, additional, Vicentini, Alberto, additional, Noronha, Janaína Costa, additional, Barbosa, Flávia Rodrigues, additional, de Sá Carpanedo, Rainiellen, additional, Emilio, Thaise, additional, Levis, Carolina, additional, de Jesus Rodrigues, Domingos, additional, Schietti, Juliana, additional, Souza, Priscila, additional, Alonso, Alfonso, additional, Dallmeier, Francisco, additional, Gomes, Vitor H. F., additional, Lloyd, Jon, additional, Neill, David, additional, de Aguiar, Daniel Praia Portela, additional, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, additional, Arroyo, Luzmila, additional, Carvalho, Fernanda Antunes, additional, de Souza, Fernanda Coelho, additional, do Amaral, Dário Dantas, additional, Feeley, Kenneth J., additional, Gribel, Rogerio, additional, Pansonato, Marcelo Petratti, additional, Barlow, Jos, additional, Berenguer, Erika, additional, Ferreira, Joice, additional, Fine, Paul V. A., additional, Guedes, Marcelino Carneiro, additional, Jimenez, Eliana M., additional, Licona, Juan Carlos, additional, Mora, Maria Cristina Peñuela, additional, Peres, Carlos A., additional, Zegarra, Boris Eduardo Villa, additional, Cerón, Carlos, additional, Henkel, Terry W., additional, Maas, Paul, additional, Silveira, Marcos, additional, Stropp, Juliana, additional, Thomas-Caesar, Raquel, additional, Baker, Tim R., additional, Daly, Doug, additional, Dexter, Kyle G., additional, Householder, John Ethan, additional, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, additional, Pennington, Toby, additional, Paredes, Marcos Ríos, additional, Fuentes, Alfredo, additional, Pena, José Luis Marcelo, additional, Silman, Miles R., additional, Tello, J. Sebastián, additional, Chave, Jerome, additional, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, additional, Di Fiore, Anthony, additional, Hilário, Renato Richard, additional, Phillips, Juan Fernando, additional, Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo, additional, van Andel, Tinde R., additional, von Hildebrand, Patricio, additional, Barbosa, Edelcilio Marques, additional, de Matos Bonates, Luiz Carlos, additional, Doza, Hilda Paulette Dávila, additional, Fonty, Émile, additional, Gómez, Ricardo Zárate, additional, Gonzales, Therany, additional, Gonzales, George Pepe Gallardo, additional, Guillaumet, Jean-Louis, additional, Hoffman, Bruce, additional, Junqueira, André Braga, additional, Malhi, Yadvinder, additional, de Andrade Miranda, Ires Paula, additional, Pinto, Linder Felipe Mozombite, additional, Prieto, Adriana, additional, Rudas, Agustín, additional, Ruschel, Ademir R., additional, Silva, Natalino, additional, Vela, César I. A., additional, Vos, Vincent Antoine, additional, Zent, Egleé L., additional, Zent, Stanford, additional, Albuquerque, Bianca Weiss, additional, Cano, Angela, additional, Correa, Diego F., additional, Costa, Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa, additional, Flores, Bernardo Monteiro, additional, Holmgren, Milena, additional, Nascimento, Marcelo Trindade, additional, Oliveira, Alexandre A., additional, Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, additional, Rocha, Maira, additional, Scudeller, Veridiana Vizoni, additional, Sierra, Rodrigo, additional, Tirado, Milton, additional, Umaña, Maria Natalia, additional, van der Heijden, Geertje, additional, Torre, Emilio Vilanova, additional, Vriesendorp, Corine, additional, Wang, Ophelia, additional, Young, Kenneth R., additional, Reategui, Manuel Augusto Ahuite, additional, Baider, Cláudia, additional, Balslev, Henrik, additional, Cárdenas, Sasha, additional, Casas, Luisa Fernanda, additional, Farfan-Rios, William, additional, Ferreira, Cid, additional, Linares-Palomino, Reynaldo, additional, Mendoza, Casimiro, additional, Mesones, Italo, additional, Torres-Lezama, Armando, additional, Giraldo, Ligia Estela Urrego, additional, Villarroel, Daniel, additional, Zagt, Roderick, additional, Alexiades, Miguel N., additional, Garcia-Cabrera, Karina, additional, Hernandez, Lionel, additional, Milliken, William, additional, Cuenca, Walter Palacios, additional, Pansini, Susamar, additional, Pauletto, Daniela, additional, Arevalo, Freddy Ramirez, additional, Sampaio, Adeilza Felipe, additional, Sandoval, Elvis H. Valderrama, additional, Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela, additional, Boenisch, Gerhard, additional, Kattge, Jens, additional, Kraft, Nathan, additional, Levesley, Aurora, additional, Melgaço, Karina, additional, Pickavance, Georgia, additional, Poorter, Lourens, additional, and ter Steege, Hans, additional

Published
2023
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22. Induction of APOBEC3-mediated genomic damage in urothelium implicates BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) as a hit-and-run driver for bladder cancer

Author

Simon C. Baker, Andrew S. Mason, Raphael G. Slip, Katie T. Skinner, Andrew Macdonald, Omar Masood, Reuben S. Harris, Tim R. Fenton, Manikandan Periyasamy, Simak Ali, and Jennifer Southgate

Subjects
Adult, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cancer Research, TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS, Minor Histocompatibility Antigens, Cytidine Deaminase, DEAMINASE APOBEC3B, INFECTION, Genetics, Humans, 1112 Oncology and Carcinogenesis, APOBEC Deaminases, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Antigens, Viral, Tumor, Child, Molecular Biology, GENE-EXPRESSION, Genetics & Heredity, RISK, Polyomavirus Infections, Science & Technology, PROLIFERATION, Proteins, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Cell Biology, MUTATIONAL SIGNATURES, Oncology, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, BK Virus, CELLS, REPLICATION, Urothelium, JC VIRUS, Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Abstract

Limited understanding of bladder cancer aetiopathology hampers progress in reducing incidence. Mutational signatures show the anti-viral apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide (APOBEC) enzymes are responsible for the preponderance of mutations in bladder tumour genomes, but no causative viral agent has been identified. BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a common childhood infection that remains latent in the adult kidney, where reactivation leads to viruria. This study provides missing mechanistic evidence linking reactivated BKPyV-infection to bladder cancer risk. We used a mitotically-quiescent, functionally-differentiated model of normal human urothelium to examine BKPyV-infection. BKPyV-infection led to significantly elevated APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B protein, increased deaminase activity and greater numbers of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites in the host urothelial genome. BKPyV Large T antigen (LT-Ag) stimulated re-entry from G0 into the cell cycle through inhibition of retinoblastoma protein and activation of EZH2, E2F1 and FOXM1, with cells arresting in G2. The single-stranded DNA displacement loops formed in urothelial cells during BKPyV-infection interacted with LT-Ag to provide a substrate for APOBEC3-activity. Addition of interferon gamma (IFNγ) to infected urothelium suppressed expression of the viral genome. These results support reactivated BKPyV infections in adults as a risk factor for bladder cancer in immune-insufficient populations.

Published
2022

24. Toward best practice in cancer mutation detection with whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing

Author

Maryellen de Mars, Cu Nguyen, Tiffany Hung, Eric Peters, Charles Lu, Meijian Guan, Bao Tran, Maurizio Polano, Bin Zhu, Samir Lababidi, Wendell D. Jones, Chunlin Xiao, Andreas Scherer, K J. Langenbach, Zhipan Li, Luyao Ren, Weida Tong, Erich Jaeger, Rebecca Kusko, Zivana Tezak, Ying Yu, Ulrika Liljedahl, Louis M. Staudt, Huixiao Hong, Jing Wang, Yuanting Zheng, Ali Moshrefi, Cristobal Juan Vera, Chris Miller, Rasika Kalamegham, Arati Raziuddin, Howard Jacob, Roberta Maestro, Bindu Swapna Madala, Petr Vojta, Jessica Nordlund, Li Tai Fang, Jiri Drabek, Xuelu Liu, Corey Miles, Gary P. Schroth, Fayaz Seifuddin, Tim R. Mercer, Chunhua Yan, Leihong Wu, Sulev Kõks, Roderick V. Jensen, Jennifer A Hipp, Yun-Ching Chen, Malcolm Moos, Yongmei Zhao, Baitang Ning, Aparna Natarajan, Brian N. Papas, Xin Chen, Ashley Walton, Stephen T. Sherry, Christopher E. Mason, Liz Kerrigan, Ogan D Abaan, Wanqiu Chen, Kenneth Idler, Jingya Wang, Tsai-wei Shen, James C. Willey, Ene Reimann, Justin B. Lack, Virginie Petitjean, Jyoti Shetty, Daoud Meerzaman, Charles Wang, Jian-Liang Li, Tiffany Truong, Keyur Talsania, Mehdi Pirooznia, Marc Sultan, Urvashi Mehra, Wenming Xiao, Zhong Chen, Ana Granat, Leming Shi, Margaret C. Cam, Qing-Rong Chen, Eric F. Donaldson, Wolfgang Resch, Ben Ernest, Yuliya Kriga, Gokhan Yavas, Thomas M. Blomquist, and Parthav Jailwala

Subjects
Computer science, Sequence analysis, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, Computational biology, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Genome, Article, Cell Line, Cell Line, Tumor, Neoplasms, Exome Sequencing, medicine, Humans, Mutation detection, Exome sequencing, Protocol (science), Reproducibility, Whole Genome Sequencing, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Reproducibility of Results, Cancer, Sequence Analysis, DNA, medicine.disease, Benchmarking, Mutation, Mutation (genetic algorithm), Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology
Abstract

Clinical applications of precision oncology require accurate tests that can distinguish true cancer-specific mutations from errors introduced at each step of next-generation sequencing (NGS). To date, no bulk sequencing study has addressed the effects of cross-site reproducibility, nor the biological, technical and computational factors that influence variant identification. Here we report a systematic interrogation of somatic mutations in paired tumor–normal cell lines to identify factors affecting detection reproducibility and accuracy at six different centers. Using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES), we evaluated the reproducibility of different sample types with varying input amount and tumor purity, and multiple library construction protocols, followed by processing with nine bioinformatics pipelines. We found that read coverage and callers affected both WGS and WES reproducibility, but WES performance was influenced by insert fragment size, genomic copy content and the global imbalance score (GIV; G > T/C > A). Finally, taking into account library preparation protocol, tumor content, read coverage and bioinformatics processes concomitantly, we recommend actionable practices to improve the reproducibility and accuracy of NGS experiments for cancer mutation detection.

Published
2021

26. Library adaptors with integrated reference controls improve the accuracy and reliability of nanopore sequencing

Author

Gunter, Helen M., primary, Youlten, Scott E., additional, Madala, Bindu Swapna, additional, Reis, Andre L. M., additional, Stevanovski, Igor, additional, Wong, Ted, additional, Kummerfield, Sarah K., additional, Deveson, Ira W., additional, Santini, Nadia S., additional, Marcellin, Esteban, additional, and Mercer, Tim R., additional

Published
2022
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27. Integrated analysis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma cohorts from three continents reveals conserved subtypes of prognostic significance

Author

Chakravarthy, Ankur, primary, Reddin, Ian, additional, Henderson, Stephen, additional, Dong, Cindy, additional, Kirkwood, Nerissa, additional, Jeyakumar, Maxmilan, additional, Rodriguez, Daniela Rothschild, additional, Martinez, Natalia Gonzalez, additional, McDermott, Jacqueline, additional, Su, Xiaoping, additional, Egawa, Nagayasau, additional, Fjeldbo, Christina S., additional, Skingen, Vilde Eide, additional, Lyng, Heidi, additional, Halle, Mari Kyllesø, additional, Krakstad, Camilla, additional, Soleiman, Afschin, additional, Sprung, Susanne, additional, Lechner, Matt, additional, Ellis, Peter J. I., additional, Wass, Mark, additional, Michaelis, Martin, additional, Fiegl, Heidi, additional, Salvesen, Helga, additional, Thomas, Gareth J., additional, Doorbar, John, additional, Chester, Kerry, additional, Feber, Andrew, additional, and Fenton, Tim R., additional

Published
2022
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28. Allophycocyanin A is a carbon dioxide receptor in the cyanobacterial phycobilisome

Author

Guillén-García, Alejandra, primary, Gibson, Savannah E. R., additional, Jordan, Caleb J. C., additional, Ramaswamy, Venkata K., additional, Linthwaite, Victoria L., additional, Bromley, Elizabeth H. C., additional, Brown, Adrian P., additional, Hodgson, David R. W., additional, Blower, Tim R., additional, Verlet, Jan R. R., additional, Degiacomi, Matteo T., additional, Pålsson, Lars-Olof, additional, and Cann, Martin J., additional

Published
2022
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29. University of Alabama at Birmingham Nathan Shock Center: comparative energetics of aging

Author

Liou Y. Sun, Tim R. Nagy, Andrew W. Brown, John L. Hartman, Christy S. Carter, Thomas W. Buford, Victor M. Darley-Usmar, Scott W. Ballinger, David B. Allison, Daniel L. Smith, Jianhua Zhang, and Steven N. Austad

Subjects
Aging, Geriatrics gerontology, business.industry, Energetics, Review, Comparative biology, Biology, Multiple species, Mitochondria, Rats, Analytics, Evolutionary biology, Animals, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, Signal Transduction
Abstract

The UAB Nathan Shock Center focuses on comparative energetics and aging. Energetics, as defined for this purpose, encompasses the causes, mechanisms, and consequences of the acquisition, storage, and use of metabolizable energy. Comparative energetics is the study of metabolic processes at multiple scales and across multiple species as it relates to health and aging. The link between energetics and aging is increasingly understood in terms of dysregulated mitochondrial function, altered metabolic signaling, and aberrant nutrient responsiveness with increasing age. The center offers world-class expertise in comprehensive, integrated energetic assessment and analysis from the level of the organelle to the organism and across species from the size of worms to rats as well as state-of-the-art data analytics. The range of services offered by our three research cores, (1) The Organismal Energetics Core, (2) Mitometabolism Core, and (3) Data Analytics Core, is described herein.

Published
2021

30. Testing at scale during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Marc L. Salit and Tim R. Mercer

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Genetic testing, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Review Article, Disease, Biology, Genomic analysis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, Pandemic, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Pandemics, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, SARS-CoV-2, Transmission (medicine), Public health, COVID-19, Scale (social sciences), Infectious diseases, Public Health, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Contact tracing
Abstract

Assembly and publication of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome in January 2020 enabled the immediate development of tests to detect the new virus. This began the largest global testing programme in history, in which hundreds of millions of individuals have been tested to date. The unprecedented scale of testing has driven innovation in the strategies, technologies and concepts that govern testing in public health. This Review describes the changing role of testing during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the use of genomic surveillance to track SARS-CoV-2 transmission around the world, the use of contact tracing to contain disease outbreaks and testing for the presence of the virus circulating in the environment. Despite these efforts, widespread community transmission has become entrenched in many countries and has required the testing of populations to identify and isolate infected individuals, many of whom are asymptomatic. The diagnostic and epidemiological principles that underpin such population-scale testing are also considered, as are the high-throughput and point-of-care technologies that make testing feasible on a massive scale., Population-scale testing is an essential component of responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and is likely to become increasingly important in public health. Here, Mercer and Salit describe the roles of testing during the COVID-19 pandemic, including in genomic surveillance, contact tracing and environmental testing.

Published
2021

31. Multifaceted characteristics of dryland aridity changes in a warming world

Author

Tao Wang, Yuting Yang, Trevor F. Keenan, Michael L. Roderick, Xu Lian, Jianping Huang, Laurent Li, Alexis Berg, Yoshihide Wada, Chris Huntingford, Shilong Piao, Bojie Fu, Tim R. McVicar, Justin Sheffield, Xuhui Wang, and Anping Chen

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Vapour Pressure Deficit, Ecology, fungi, Climate change, Context (language use), Pollution, Arid, Ecology and Environment, Water scarcity, Meteorology and Climatology, Evapotranspiration, Ecosystem, Surface runoff, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

Drylands are an essential component of the Earth System and are among the most vulnerable to climate change. In this Review, we synthesize observational and modelling evidence to demonstrate emerging differences in dryland aridity dependent on the specific metric considered. Although warming heightens vapour pressure deficit and, thus, atmospheric demand for water in both the observations and the projections, these changes do not wholly propagate to exacerbate soil moisture and runoff deficits. Moreover, counter-intuitively, many arid ecosystems have exhibited significant greening and enhanced vegetation productivity since the 1980s. Such divergence between atmospheric and ecohydrological aridity changes can primarily be related to moisture limitations by dry soils and plant physiological regulations of evapotranspiration under elevated CO2. The latter process ameliorates water stress on plant growth and decelerates warming-enhanced water losses from soils, while simultaneously warming and drying the near-surface air. We place these climate-induced aridity changes in the context of exacerbated water scarcity driven by rapidly increasing anthropogenic needs for freshwater to support population growth and economic development. Under future warming, dryland ecosystems might respond non-linearly, caused by, for example, complex ecosystem–hydrology–human interactions and increased mortality risks from drought and heat stress, which is a foremost priority for future research. Estimates of global dryland changes are often conflicting. This Review discusses and quantifies observed and projected aridity changes, revealing divergent responses between atmospheric and ecohydrological metrics that can be explained by plant physiological responses to elevated CO2.

Published
2021

33. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Framework to Predict Neonatal Pharmacokinetics of Transplacentally Acquired Emtricitabine, Dolutegravir, and Raltegravir

Author

Jeremiah D. Momper, John N. van den Anker, André Dallmann, Mark Mirochnick, Dionna J Green, Brookie M. Best, Xiaomei I Liu, Tim R. Cressey, Gilbert J. Burckart, and Natella Rakhmanina

Subjects
Adult, 0301 basic medicine, Drug, Glucuronosyltransferase, Pyridones, Placenta, media_common.quotation_subject, 030106 microbiology, Pharmacology, Emtricitabine, Models, Biological, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, Piperazines, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacokinetics, Pregnancy, Raltegravir Potassium, Oxazines, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), media_common, Fetus, biology, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Raltegravir, chemistry, Dolutegravir, biology.protein, Female, business, Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring, medicine.drug
Abstract

Little is understood about neonatal pharmacokinetics immediately after delivery and during the first days of life following intrauterine exposure to maternal medications. Our objective was to develop and evaluate a novel, physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling workflow for predicting perinatal and postnatal disposition of commonly used antiretroviral drugs administered prenatally to pregnant women living with human immunodeficiency virus. Using previously published, maternal-fetal, physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for emtricitabine, dolutegravir, and raltegravir built with PK-Sim/MoBi®, placental drug transfer was predicted in late pregnancy. The total drug amount in fetal compartments at term delivery was estimated and subsequently integrated as initial conditions in different tissues of a whole-body, neonatal, physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict drug concentrations in the neonatal elimination phase after birth. Neonatal elimination processes were parameterized according to published data. Model performance was assessed by clinical data. Neonatal physiologically based pharmacokinetic models generally captured the initial plasma concentrations after delivery but underestimated concentrations in the terminal phase. The mean percentage error for predicted plasma concentrations was − 71.5%, − 33.8%, and 76.7% for emtricitabine, dolutegravir, and raltegravir, respectively. A sensitivity analysis suggested that the activity of organic cation transporter 2 and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 during the first postnatal days in term newborns is ~11% and ~30% of that in adults, respectively. These findings demonstrate the general feasibility of applying physiologically based pharmacokinetic models to predict washout concentrations of transplacentally acquired drugs in newborns. These models can increase the understanding of pharmacokinetics during the first postnatal days and allow the prediction of drug exposure in this vulnerable population.

Published
2021

34. High Spatial Resolution and High Temporal Frequency (30-m/15-day) Fractional Vegetation Cover Estimation over China Using Multiple Remote Sensing Datasets: Method Development and Validation

Author

Yaokai Liu, Xihan Mu, Zhan Gao, Jindi Wang, Tim R. McVicar, Yuanyuan Wang, Tian Zhao, Guangjian Yan, Jinling Song, Gaiyan Ruan, and Kai Yan

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pixel, Sampling (statistics), Land cover, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, FEV1/FVC ratio, Data assimilation, Environmental science, Satellite, Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract

High spatial resolution and high temporal frequency fractional vegetation cover (FVC) products have been increasingly in demand to monitor and research land surface processes. This paper develops the algorithm to estimate FVC at a 30-m/15-day resolution over China by taking advantage of the spatial and temporal information from different types of sensors: the 30-m resolution sensor on the Chinese environment satellite (HJ-1) and the 1-km Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The algorithm was implemented for each main vegetation class and each land cover type over China. First, the high spatial resolution and high temporal frequency normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was acquired using the continuous correction (CC) data assimilation method. Then, FVC was generated using a nonlinear pixel unmixing model. Model coefficients were obtained by statistical analysis of the MODIS NDVI. The proposed method was evaluated using in situ FVC measurements and a global FVC product (GEOV1 FVC). The direct validation using in situ measurements at 97 sampling plots per half month in 2010 showed that the annual mean errors (MEs) of forests, cropland, and grassland were −0.025, 0.133, and 0.160, respectively, and indicated that the FVCs derived from the proposed algorithm were consistent with ground measurements [R2 = 0.809, root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) = 0.065]. The inter-comparison between the proposed FVC and GEOV1 FVC demonstrated that the two products had good spatial–temporal consistency and similar magnitude (RMSD approximates 0.1). Overall, the approach provides a new operational way to estimate high spatial resolution and high temporal frequency FVC from multiple remote sensing datasets.

Published
2021

35. Identifying management actions that promote sustainable fisheries

Author

Alessandro Ligas, John DeVore, Pamela M. Mace, Julia K. Baum, Cody S. Szuwalski, Daniel J. Hively, Jake Rice, Tim R. McClanahan, Yimin Ye, Maite Pons, Bjarte Bogstad, Giacomo Chato Osio, Michael C. Melnychuk, Olaf P. Jensen, Christopher M. Anderson, Edward Wort, Carryn L De Moor, Ray Hilborn, Ricardo O. Amoroso, Jilali Bensbai, Nicole Baker, Arni Magnusson, Grant G. Thompson, Charmane E. Ashbrook, Hiroyuki Kurota, Trevor A. Branch, L. Richard Little, Cóilín Minto, and Ana M. Parma

Subjects
Global and Planetary Change, education.field_of_study, Stock assessment, Ecology, Overfishing, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Geography, Planning and Development, Fishing, Population, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Urban Studies, Fishery, Work (electrical), Sustainability, Business, education, Ratification, Stock (geology), Nature and Landscape Conservation, Food Science
Abstract

Which management actions work best to prevent or halt overfishing and to rebuild depleted populations? A comprehensive evaluation of multiple, co-occurring management actions on the sustainability status of marine populations has been lacking. Here we compiled detailed management histories for 288 assessed fisheries from around the world (accounting for 45% of those with formal stock assessments) and used hierarchical time-series analyses to estimate effects of different management interventions on trends in stock status. Rebuilding plans, applied less commonly than other management measures (implemented at some point historically for 43% of stocks), rapidly lowered fishing pressure towards target levels and emerged as the most important factor enabling overfished populations to recover. Additionally, the ratification of international fishing agreements, and harvest control rules specifying how catch limits should vary with population biomass, helped to reduce overfishing and rebuild biomass. Notably, we found that benefits of management actions are cumulative—as more are implemented, stock status improves and predicted long-term catches increase. Thus, a broad suite of management measures at local, national and international levels appears to be key to sustaining fish populations and food production. Wise management is critical to sustaining fisheries. This study finds that rebuilding plans, ratification of international agreements and harvest control rules yield strong benefits and that these are cumulative.

Published
2021

36. College Football Referee Bias and Sports Betting Impact

Author

Rhett Andrew Brymer, Huimiao Zheng, Tim R. Holcomb, and Ryan M. Rodenberg

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Potential impact, Natural experiment, 030503 health policy & services, 05 social sciences, Closeness, Supreme court, 03 medical and health sciences, 0502 economics and business, Revenue, 050207 economics, Marketing, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, College football, Pace
Abstract

Conferences entrust college football referees to impartially officiate games. However, a growing body of research documents officiating biases in sports. We focus on bias among major college football referees. Following a natural experiment approach, we contrast in-conference games with a quasi-control group consisting of games involving teams from different conferences. Specifically, we find significant relationships between the betting line variables—expected game closeness and clear game favorite—and penalties among ACC and former Big East officials that suggests bias toward the underdog team during in-conference games. Additionally, we find home field bias in the ACC and Big XII and bias of game pace in the Big XII and former Big East. We also do a preliminary examination of the biases’ roots. Some biases we pinpoint are, counterintuitively, revenue-inhibiting for certain conferences. Our results show the potential impact on-field referees have on games and the underlying revenue streams for the conferences. They also highlight oft-discussed, but rarely researched, officiating biases at the intersection of game integrity and the commercial goals of the competing programs and the conferences they represent. To lessen such friction, we advocate for centralization of the management and oversight of college football referees. We conclude by explaining how such biases could impact expanded legalized sports betting after the US Supreme Court removed restrictions on state-by-state regulation in 2018.

Published
2021

37. Glycogen storage disease type VI: clinical course and molecular background

Author

Gabriella Allegri, Peter K. Bode, Tim R J Aeppli, Daisy Rymen, Johannes Häberle, University of Zurich, and Aeppli, Tim R J

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Glycogen storage disease type VI, Mutation, Missense, 610 Medicine & health, Disease, Hypoglycemia, Gastroenterology, Glycogen Phosphorylase, Liver Form, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Glycogen phosphorylase, 0302 clinical medicine, 10049 Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, 030225 pediatrics, Molecular genetics, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 2735 Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Glycogen Storage Disease Type VI, Retrospective Studies, Hypertriglyceridemia, Glycogen, business.industry, Metabolic disorder, Infant, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Starch, medicine.disease, chemistry, 10036 Medical Clinic, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, business
Abstract

Glycogen storage disease type VI (GSD-VI; also known as Hers disease, liver phosphorylase deficiency) is caused by mutations in the gene coding for glycogen phosphorylase (PYGL) leading to a defect in the degradation of glycogen. Since there are only about 40 patients described in literature, our knowledge about the course of the disease is limited. In order to evaluate the long-term outcome of patients with GSD-VI, an observational retrospective case study of six patients was performed at the University Children's Hospital Zurich. The introduction of small, frequent meals as well as cornstarch has led to normal growth in all patients and to normalization of liver transaminases in most patients. After starting the dietary regimen, there were no signs of hypoglycemia. However, three of six patients showed persistent elevation of triglycerides. Further, we identified four novel pathogenic PYGL mutations and describe here their highly variable impact on phosphorylase function.Conclusions: After establishing the diagnosis, dietary treatment led to metabolic stability and to prevention of hypoglycemia. Molecular genetics added important information for the understanding of the clinical variability in this disease. While outcome was overall excellent in all patients, half of the patients showed persistent hypertriglyceridemia even after initiating treatment.What is Known:• Glycogen storage disease type VI (GSD-VI) is a metabolic disorder causing a defect in glycogen degradation. Dietary treatment normally leads to metabolic stability and prevention of hypoglycemia.• However, our knowledge about the natural course of patients with GSD-VI is limited.What is New:• While outcome was overall excellent in all patients, half of the patients showed persistent hypertriglyceridemia even after initiating treatment.• Molecular genetics added important information for the understanding of the clinical variability in this disease.

Published
2019

40. Oceanic patterns of thermal stress and coral community degradation on the island of Mauritius

Author

Tim R. McClanahan and Nyawira A. Muthiga

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Water flow, Range (biology), Coral, Climate change, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, Oceanography, Algae, Benthic zone, Temperate climate, Environmental science, Reef
Abstract

Knowing the responses of high-latitude corals to thermal impacts will be critical to predicting the possibility for range expansion of reefs provoked by climate change. We, therefore, tested how oceanographic and island geography variation and subsequent interactions between chronic and acute environmental stresses would influence the temperate corals of Mauritius (~ 20°S). Specifically, we predicted higher impacts of thermal stress due to rare events on ocean-impacted windward than leeward reefs. To test this prediction, surveys of benthic cover and corals in the shallow lagoon’s perimeter reefs were repeated between 2004 and 2019—an interval with frequent warm thermal anomalies. Hard and soft coral cover declined 40% and 83%, respectively, and erect algae increased 78% over the 15-yr interval. Coral taxa were distributed along a Montipora-community axis dominant on the island’s leeward reefs and an Acropora-axis dominant on the windward reefs. Nine of the 30 originally encountered sub-genera were not observed in the second sampling, of which most losses were on the windward reefs and among taxa that were initially uncommon during the initial 2004 sampling. The largest declines occurred in the southeast where rare acute stress was higher and open-ocean conditions interacted strongly with the island. The north and western corals experienced less acute stress and greater persistence of taxa. Searching an additional 15 sites in 2019 found six of the missing coral taxa, often in deeper reef edges. Screening of potential environmental variables indicated that that skewness of the degree heating weeks and thermal stress anomalies were the strongest predictor of the changes. A chronic stress metric was more difficult to identify but water flow variability and chlorophyll-a concentrations were part of the oceanographic conditions associated with attenuated responses to acute stress. Frequent acute stress was associated with lower thermal acclimation rates over the 15-yr interval and more evident for the dominant than subdominant taxa. The extra-equatorial location of Mauritius will not ensure latitudinal sanctuary, apart from the leeward reefs.

Published
2020

41. Limited effect of drainage on peat properties, porewater chemistry, and peat decomposition proxies in a boreal peatland

Author

Nigel T. Roulet, Andrew J. Pinsonneault, Tim R. Moore, and Lorna I. Harris

Subjects
Biogeochemical cycle, Peat, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Sphagnum, Hydrology (agriculture), Environmental Chemistry, Organic matter, Bog, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, chemistry.chemical_classification, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Biogeochemistry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Boreal, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of drainage on peat properties, porewater chemistry, and peat decomposition proxies in an ombrogenous peatland in the Hudson Bay Lowland (HBL). We anticipated that drainage would change peatland hydrology, vegetation, and biogeochemistry, leading to an increase in peat decomposition. As indicators of peat biogeochemical change and potential proxies for peat decomposition, we compared peat porewater chemistry and in situ nutrient availability of different microforms in a pristine ombrogenous bog, with a bog that has been subject to gradual lowering of the water table by 20 to 80 cm for approximately 7 years prior to, and during, our study. We also examined the chemical composition of peat and peat leachates (organic matter) from Sphagnum and lichen-covered hummocks at each site. Nutrient availability was greater in pools at the drained bog, indicating mineralisation of the dry and bare peat surface. However, our results did not show evidence of significant peat biogeochemical change or advanced decomposition in hummocks at the drained bog, with no difference in nutrient availabilities, peat porewater chemistry, or peat leachate chemistry at the drained and pristine bog. We also found no significant difference in enzyme activity (phenol oxidases) in hummocks at each site, proposed to be an important factor for C loss from peatland ecosystems in drier conditions. Overall, the effects of drainage on peat properties, porewater chemistry, and peat chemical composition at our sites were small and varied for different vegetation-microform types. Although decomposition in drained peatlands is likely constrained by cool temperatures in the HBL, our results suggest that ecohydrological feedbacks at the microform scale may also be important in slowing decomposition in these peatlands.

Published
2020

42. Decadal turnover of thermally stressed coral taxa support a risk-spreading approach to marine reserve design

Author

Tim R. McClanahan

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Coral, Marine reserve, Coral reef, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Acclimatization, Taxon, Abundance (ecology), Species richness, Reef
Abstract

Coral reef communities exposed to rapid temperature rises and frequent thermal anomalies were evaluated for taxonomic turnover via presence/absence information over a 27-year period experiencing large changes in the dominant taxa. Temporal turnover of the taxa within sites was consistently high (~ 40%) due to both inter-annual episodic and directional changes. Turnover with time displayed a rapid increase and slow decline after sequential cool and warm thermal anomalies between 1996 and 1998. Subsequent warm temperature anomalies caused fewer broad-scale changes. Directional change for all sites combined indicated three overall gains and losses in taxa—Montipora being the only dominant taxon that declined in both abundance and presence/absence. The studied marine reserves had higher local but lower between-site taxonomic richness than fished reefs. Despite similar mean turnover, there were fewer gains than losses in marine reserves (7 gains and 20 losses in 5 sites) than fished sites (16 gains and 15 losses in 7 sites). Changes in taxonomic cover and presence/absence turnover data were not correlated, indicating that turnover detects finer scale taxonomic change likely to be missed when the cover of the dominant taxa is evaluated—especially in the higher richness marine reserves. High spatial richness, community change, and thermal acclimation in these shallow reef lagoons may have prevented higher net losses of taxa. Consequently, the probabilities of reducing local extirpations of taxa may be best achieved by planning and management that promotes spreading more evenly-spread access restrictions to reef areas with high between-site diversity rather than focusing restrictions to sites with high within-site diversity.

Published
2020

43. Point-of-care and Near Real-time Testing for Antiretroviral Adherence Monitoring to HIV Treatment and Prevention

Author

Connie Celum, Pete Anderson, Monica Gandhi, Ashley Bardon, Ayokunle Olanrewaju, Derin Sevenler, Jane M. Simoni, Paul K. Drain, and Tim R. Cressey

Subjects
Counseling, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, Point-of-Care Systems, Point-of-care testing, Real-time computing, Psychological intervention, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Article, Medication Adherence, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hiv treatment, Tenofovir, Point of care, business.industry, Public health, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Adherence monitoring, Female, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, Public Health, business, Aids pandemic
Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In this report, we review the need for point-of-care (POC) or near real-time testing for antiretrovirals, progress in the field, evidence for guiding implementation of these tests globally, and future directions in objective antiretroviral therapy (ART) or pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence monitoring. RECENT FINDINGS: Two cornerstones to end the HIV/AIDS pandemic are ART, which provides individual clinical benefits and eliminates forward transmission, and PrEP, which prevents HIV acquisition with high effectiveness. Maximizing the individual and public health benefits of these powerful biomedical tools requires high and sustained antiretroviral adherence. Routine monitoring of medication adherence in individuals receiving ART and PrEP may be an important component in interpreting outcomes and supporting optimal adherence. Existing practices and subjective metrics for adherence monitoring are often inaccurate or unreliable, and therefore, are generally ineffective for improving adherence. Laboratory measures of antiretroviral concentrations using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry have been utilized in research settings to assess medication adherence, although these are too costly and resource-intensive for routine use. SUMMARY: Newer, less costly technologies such as antibody-based methods can provide objective drug level measurement and may allow for POC or near-patient adherence monitoring in clinical settings. When coupled with timely and targeted counseling, POC drug level measures can support adherence clinic-based interventions to ART or PrEP in near real-time.

Published
2020

44. The Mostela: an adjusted camera trapping device as a promising non-invasive tool to study and monitor small mustelids

Author

Jeroen Mos and Tim R. Hofmeester

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, Occupancy, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Non invasive, Population, Small mammal, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Weasel, Animal ecology, biology.animal, Conservation status, Environmental science, Animal Science and Zoology, Monitoring tool, education, Cartography, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

In spite of their potential important role in shaping small mammal population dynamics, weasel (Mustela nivalis) and stoat (Mustela erminea) are understudied due to the difficulty of detecting these species. Furthermore, their conservation status in many countries is unknown due to lack of monitoring techniques. There is thus an important need for a method to detect these small mustelids. In this study, we tested the efficiency of a recently developed camera trapping device, the Mostela, as a new technique to detect mustelids in a study area near Dieren, the Netherlands. We placed Mostelas in linear landscape features, and other microhabitats thought to be frequently visited by weasels, from March to October 2017 and February to October 2018. We tested for yearly and monthly differences in site use and detectability, as well as the effect of entrance tube size, using an occupancy modelling framework. We found large seasonal differences in site use and detectability of weasels with the highest site use in June to October and highest detection probability in August and September. Detection probability was approximately two times higher for Mostelas with a 10-cm entrance tube compared with 8-cm. Furthermore, we were able to estimate activity patterns based on the time of detection, identify the sex in most detections (69.5%), and distinguish several individuals. Concluding, the Mostela seems promising as a non-invasive monitoring tool to study the occurrence and ecology of small mustelids. Further development of individual recognition from images would enable using the Mostela for density estimates applying capture-recapture models.

Published
2020

45. Chirurgische Therapie der primär sklerosierenden Cholangitis

Author

Alexander Semaan, Vittorio Branchi, Jörg C. Kalff, Jonas Henn, Hanno Matthaei, Maria A. Gonzalez-Carmona, Tobias J. Weismüller, Steffen Manekeller, Taotao Zhou, Tim R. Glowka, and Christian P. Strassburg

Subjects
Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.disease, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Transplant surgery, Cholangiocellular carcinoma, Cardiothoracic surgery, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Surgery, business
Abstract

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Wenngleich in Bezug auf Therapie und Krankheitsverständnis bei der primär sklerosierenden Cholangitis (PSC) in den vergangenen Jahren erhebliche Fortschritte zu beobachten sind, so ist bei Karzinom und „end-stage liver disease“ (ELD) eine Lebertransplantation (LTX) meist die einzige Chance auf Heilung. In seltenen Fällen ist eine Leberteilresektion (LR) zur kurativen Therapie des PSC-assoziierten Gallengangskarzinoms (CCC) möglich. Diese Operationen stellen für PSC-Patienten eine zusätzliche Belastung dar. Ziel Auch aufgrund der Seltenheit der Erkrankung sind detaillierte Studien zur hepatopankreatikobiliären (HPB-)Chirurgie der PSC rar. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die HPB-chirurgische Indikation und Prognose von PSC Patienten zu untersuchen. Patienten und Methoden Es erfolgte eine monozentrische, retrospektive Kohortenstudie von 1990 bis 2020. In dieser wurden Patienten mit PSC eingeschlossen und in Bezug auf operationsassoziierte Faktoren sowie deren Prognose untersucht. Ergebnisse Bei 62 Patienten (36 %) war eine PSC-bedingte, größere hepatopankreatikobiliäre Operation oder Exploration notwendig. Diese Patienten litten signifikant häufiger an einer chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankung (p p Diskussion Ein großer Anteil der Patienten mit PSC muss aufgrund der Erkrankung operiert werden mit erheblichem Risiko für Morbidität und Mortalität. Bei fehlenden kurativen Therapieoptionen wären Frühdiagnosestrategien zu begrüßen, um das PSC-CCC im Frühstadium erkennen und behandeln zu können.

Published
2020

46. Predation risk constrains herbivores’ adaptive capacity to warming

Author

Guy A. Balme, Michiel P. Veldhuis, Ross T. Pitman, Joris P. G. M. Cromsigt, Tim R. Hofmeester, Dave J. Druce, and Olff group

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Foraging, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Ecosystem, PREY PREFERENCES, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, VULNERABILITY, 2. Zero hunger, Herbivore, Adaptive capacity, CLIMATE-CHANGE, LANDSCAPE, Ecology, Community, Global warming, 15. Life on land, FRAMEWORK, OVERLAP, DECLINES, 13. Climate action, MAMMALS, PATTERNS, RESPONSES
Abstract

Global warming compels larger endothermic animals to adapt either physiologically or behaviourally to avoid thermal stress, especially in tropical ecosystems. Their adaptive responses may however be compromised by other constraints, such as predation risk or starvation. Using an exceptional camera-trap dataset spanning 32 protected areas across southern Africa, we find that intermediate-sized herbivores (100–550 kg) switch activity to hotter times of the day when exposed to predation by lions. These herbivores face a tight window for foraging activity being exposed to nocturnal predation and to heat during the day, suggesting a trade-off between predation risk and thermoregulation mediated by body size. These findings stress the importance of incorporating trophic interactions into climate change predictions. Rising temperatures and predator avoidance constrain herbivore activity on the southern African savannas, forcing them into ever-tightening windows of activity, in a ‘timescape of fear’.

Published
2020

47. Peatland Microbial Community Composition Is Driven by a Natural Climate Gradient

Author

Nadia C. S. Mykytczuk, Shanay Willims-Johnson, James D. Seward, Christopher W. Schadt, Suzanna L. Bräuer, Dave Solance Smith, James W. McLaughlin, Erik A. Lilleskov, Lorna I. Harris, Nigel T. Roulet, Michael A. Carson, Joseph B. Yavitt, Nathan Basiliko, Tim R. Moore, and Louis J. Lamit

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Peat, Climate, 030106 microbiology, Soil Science, 03 medical and health sciences, Microbial ecology, Soil Microbiology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ontario, Biomass (ecology), Bacteria, Ecology, biology, Microbiota, Community structure, Plant community, biology.organism_classification, Archaea, United States, 030104 developmental biology, Microbial population biology, Metagenomics, Wetlands, Acidobacteria
Abstract

Peatlands are important players in climate change-biosphere feedbacks via long-term net carbon (C) accumulation in soil organic matter and as potential net C sources including the potent greenhouse gas methane (CH4). Interactions of climate, site-hydrology, plant community, and groundwater chemical factors influence peatland development and functioning, including C dioxide (CO2) and CH4 fluxes, but the role of microbial community composition is not well understood. To assess microbial functional and taxonomic dissimilarities, we used high throughput sequencing of the small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) to determine bacterial and archaeal community composition in soils from twenty North American peatlands. Targeted DNA metabarcoding showed that although Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla on average, intermediate and rich fens hosted greater diversity and taxonomic richness, as well as an array of candidate phyla when compared with acidic and nutrient-poor poor fens and bogs. Moreover, pH was revealed to be the strongest predictor of microbial community structure across sites. Predictive metagenome content (PICRUSt) showed increases in specific genes, such as purine/pyrimidine and amino-acid metabolism in mid-latitude peatlands from 38 to 45° N, suggesting a shift toward utilization of microbial biomass over utilization of initial plant biomass in these microbial communities. Overall, there appears to be noticeable differences in community structure between peatland classes, as well as differences in microbial metabolic activity between latitudes. These findings are in line with a predicted increase in the decomposition and accelerated C turnover, and suggest that peatlands north of 37° latitude may be particularly vulnerable to climate change.

Published
2020

48. Algal turf consumption by sea urchins and fishes is mediated by fisheries management on coral reefs in Kenya

Author

Christopher D. McQuaid, Austin T. Humphries, and Tim R. McClanahan

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biomass (ecology), geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Bioerosion, Coralline algae, Coral reef, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Fishery, Grazing, Dominance (ecology), Fisheries management, Reef
Abstract

Herbivory is a key process that controls the abundance and accumulation of algal turf on tropical coral reefs. The capacity of reefs to prevent algal accumulation hinges on the balance between algal production and consumption (i.e., grazing). In this study, we quantify algal turf biomass accumulation and grazing using experimental substrata and herbivore exclusion cages across sites in Kenya that represent different levels of fisheries management: heavily fished reefs, community marine-protected areas less than 10 yr old, and older government-managed marine-protected areas. These reefs had different assemblages of grazing herbivores with fished reefs being dominated by sea urchins, while government closures had a high abundance of grazing fishes, in particular parrotfishes. The community fisheries closures had an intermediate mix of sea urchins and grazing fishes, with the latter dominated by surgeonfishes. These management regimes mediated algal biomass on experimental substrata such that urchins consumed as much as 90% on fished reefs and fishes as much as 96% at the government marine-protected areas by the end of the 390-d trial. The younger community fisheries closures lacked the herbivory to significantly reduce algal biomass, and consumption was less than 50% of production and never greater than 2 g algae m−2 d−1. These findings point to the importance of recovery dynamics of herbivorous fishes from heavy fishing pressure. They also suggest that while sea urchins might be effective grazers to prevent macroalgal dominance, they are not a functional replacement for fishes due to their ability to reduce reef accretion through bioerosion and prevent settlement of crustose coralline algae in this system.

Published
2020

49. Status of Huanglongbing (HLB) outbreaks in Florida, California and Texas

Author

Tim R. Gottwald, James H. Graham, and Mamoudou Sétamou

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, biology, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Diaphorina citri, food and beverages, Outbreak, Plant disease resistance, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Horticulture, 030104 developmental biology, Transmission (mechanics), law, Vector (epidemiology), 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Nowhere in the U.S. is Huanglongbing (HLB) under adequate control due to the lack of effective tools to reduce spread of the vector, Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid), and transmission of the associated pathogen, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, in the absence of disease resistance in commercial citrus varieties. In Florida, Asian citrus psyllid was well established by the time of HLB discovery and growers did not remove trees to eliminate inoculum, so there was no chance of controlling the epidemic. Based on the Florida experience, Texas proactively controlled the vector by implementing area-wide management and disease spread was slower than in Florida, however, they also did not remove infected trees. California controlled both ACP and tree inoculum and have delayed the development of an epidemic in the Central Valley. This situation is aided by topographic isolation from the Los Angeles basin where ACP and HLB are endemic and a climate distinctly different from other citrus growing regions in the U.S.

Published
2020

50. Gender differences in hammer prices for Australian Indigenous art

Author

Jane M. Fry, Lisa Farrell, and Tim R. L. Fry

Subjects
Descriptive statistics, 05 social sciences, Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous), The arts, humanities, Indigenous, Visual arts, Cultural economics, Business economics, 0502 economics and business, 050211 marketing, Statistical analysis, Sociology, 050207 economics, Sale price, health care economics and organizations, Valuation (finance)
Abstract

Considering leading Australian Indigenous artists, we investigate the role of an artist’s gender in the valuation of artworks. Our analysis shows that male and female artists work in different media and mediums and that both sale price and clearance rate differ by artist’s gender. Building on a descriptive analysis, the statistical analysis of the data using sample selectivity models and a Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition shows clear differences between the prices of artwork. We find that, accounting for differences in the characteristics of artworks and artists, the price of artworks by male Australian Indigenous artists is lower than that by female artists.

Published
2020

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