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Background Coronary heart disease (CHD), sarcopenia and depression are common disorders that markedly impair quality of life and impose a huge financial burden on society. They are also frequently comorbid, exacerbating condition and worsening prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the additive effects of CHD and sarcopenia on the risk of new onset depressive symptoms in older adults. Methods The prospective cohort study comprised 897 Chinese community-dwelling participants who were aged 60 years and older (386 men; mean age 66.9 ± 5.9 years) without depressive symptoms at baseline, recruited from Chadian of Tianjin, China. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria. CHD was identified via medical records or new diagnosed by at least two physicians. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) ≥11. Longitudinal data on new onset depressive symptoms were collected up to 12 months after baseline. Results We found that 103 (11.5%) of the 897 participants without depressive symptoms at baseline had developed depressive symptoms. Participants were classified into mutually exclusive groups based on sarcopenia status and CHD: normal, CHD alone, sarcopenia alone, and co-occurring groups. A logistic regression showed that the CHD alone [odd ratios (OR) = 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05–3.02], sarcopenia alone (OR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.26–6.22), and co-occurring (OR = 7.19, 95% CI = 2.75–18.81) had higher risk of depressive symptoms than the normal group after adjusting for the covariates. Conclusions CHD and sarcopenia synergistically increase the risk of new onset depressive symptoms in older adults. Thus, older adults may require early detection, and appropriate interventions should be implemented.

(R)-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) phenyl] ethanol [(R)-3,5-BTPE] is a crucial chiral intermediate for the synthesis of the NK-1 receptor antagonists aprepitant, rolapitant and fosaprepitant. The carbonyl reductase KR01 from Leifsonia sp. S749, discovered by protein sequence alignment, could convert 3′,5′-bis(trifluoromethyl) acetophenone (3,5-BTAP) into (R)-3,5-BTPE with excellent activity and enantioselectivity. In order to enhance the conversion efficiency at high substrate concentrations, the reaction conditions were optimized by response surface analysis. The results showed that 600 g/L 3,5-BTAP was bioreduced to (R)-3,5-BTPE (> 99.9% enantiomeric excess) by the recombinant Escherichia coli/pET-28a (+)-KR01 whole cells, with a 98.3% conversion and 59 g/L/h productivity under the optimized reaction conditions. In addition, the recombinant E. coli cells could be repeatedly used up to seven times in the reaction mixture containing 90% isopropanol (IPA). This is the highest substrate loading and productivity for the bioreduction of 3,5-BTAP by carbonyl reductase ever reported, and this method represents an efficient and cost-effective process for production of (R)-3,5-BTPE.