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Several machine learning-based methods are available in the literature to find anomalies in large log sequences. Recently, deep learning based solutions demonstrated promising performance in this domain. The majority of these methods formulate the problem as a classification task, where the final layer of the neural network model is a softmax layer. This paper presents a different, regression-based approach. The input of the model is a sequence of numeric vectors representing the semantic information of the log lines, and the output is also a numeric vector corresponding to the expected log line. To cope with the inherent uncertainty of log sequences, we introduce “Top-K” layers, allowing the model to emit multiple predictions, from which the best one is chosen. This feature, together with the “Top-K” loss function, makes it possible to develop an unsupervised, fully template-less model that can also handle log lines it has never seen during the training phase, which is essential for online applications. On benchmark data sets we demonstrate that the model achieves competitive performance.

In this paper, we combine the atomic layer deposition synthesis method of inverse opal with the hydrothermal growth of nanorods. From 460 nm polystyrene nanospheres opal crystals were produced using vertical deposition on Si wafers. The opal templates were covered with ZnO by atomic layer deposition. High temperature annealing was used to remove the polystyrene nanospheres to obtain the inverse opal structure. For the hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanorods, two production routes were analysed: hydrothermal reaction before and after the removal of the template. The two paths produced two distinct structures, one with plate like formations and one with nanorods, respectively. Also, the sample modified by the hydrothermal growth after the annealing showed slight differences in optical properties compared to the regular inverse opal. Morphology, composition and structure of the samples were explored using SEM, EDX and XRD. Optical properties were investigated with reflectance UV–Vis spectroscopy. Thermal stability of the polystyrene opal was determined using TG.

Trees are key components of historic gardens and are valuable sources of genetic diversity that need preservation to enrich native populations’ genetic basis in order to enhance long-term viability, and facilitate the species’ adaptation to changing climatic and environmental conditions. The primary objective of our study was to assess the genetic diversity, structure and relationships of the Tilia cordata Mill. allée at Széchenyi Castle in Nagycenk (UNESCO heritage site), Hungary, to infer the late-Baroque garden’s rich genetic heritage and conservation importance. The small leaved lime individuals at Nagycenk, with an age of 200 years, maintained high genetic diversity with non-significant inbreeding and high allelic richness and number of private alleles. Genetic diversity was similar to Central European natural populations and slightly higher compared to other plant collections, e.g. Eszterházy Castle garden at Fertőd. The surveyed trees exhibited two age groups unrelated with shallow genetic differentiation indicating the potential seed source origin from the local geographic area. Bayesian clustering of individuals showed significant differences from the individuals growing at Fertőd-Esterházy gardens (approx. in a 15 km distance) and other T. cordata cultivars. We concluded that the T. cordata collection of Nagycenk is a unique genetic heritage of the former natural vegetation due to its genetic variability and divergence, which would be a valuable source of future breeding programs and conservation.

We introduce GUARDIAN, a near-real-time (NRT) ionospheric monitoring software for natural hazards warning. GUARDIAN’s ultimate goal is to use NRT total electronic content (TEC) time series to (1) allow users to explore ionospheric TEC perturbations due to natural and anthropogenic events on earth, (2) automatically detect those perturbations, and (3) characterize potential natural hazards. The main goal of GUARDIAN is to provide an augmentation to existing natural hazards early warning systems (EWS). This contribution focuses mainly on objective (1): collecting GNSS measurements in NRT, computing TEC time series, and displaying them on a public website (https://guardian.jpl.nasa.gov). We validate the time series obtained in NRT using well-established post-processing methods. Furthermore, we present an inverse modeling proof of concept to obtain tsunami wave parameters from TEC time series, contributing significantly to objective (3). Note that objectives (2) and (3) are only introduced here as parts of the general architecture, and are not currently operational. In its current implementation, the GUARDIAN system uses more than 70 GNSS ground stations distributed around the Pacific Ring of Fire, and monitoring four GNSS constellations (GPS, Galileo, BDS, and GLONASS). As of today, and to the best of our knowledge, GUARDIAN is the only software available and capable of providing multi-GNSS NRT TEC time series over the Pacific region to the general public and scientific community.

This article describes the quantitative analysis of the 3D orientation of objects (i.e. particles and voids) within pottery fabrics to differentiate two categories of pottery hand-building primary forming techniques, specifically percussion-building and coil-building, comparing the use of two independent non-destructive imaging modalities, X-ray microtomography (µ-CT) and neutron tomography (NT). For this purpose, series of experimental organic-tempered vessels and coil sections were analysed. For both imaging modalities, two separate systems were employed for quantitatively describing both the orientation of individual objects, as well as the collective preferential alignment of objects within samples, utilising respectively polar and azimuth angles within a spherical coordinate system, and projected sizes within a positive Cartesian coordinate system. While the former provided full descriptions of the orientations of objects within 3D space, the latter, through a ratio dubbed here the ‘Orientation Index’ (OI), gave a simple numerical value with which the investigated samples were differentiated according to forming technique. Both imaging modalities were able to differentiate between coil-built and percussion-built vessels with a high degree of confidence, with the strength of these findings additionally demonstrated through extensive statistical modelling using Monte Carlo simulations. Despite differences in resolution and differences in the attenuation of X-rays and neutrons, µ-CT and NT were shown to provide comparable results. The findings presented here broadly agree with earlier studies; however, the quantitative and three-dimensional nature of the results enables more subtle features to be identified, while additionally, in principle, the non-destructive nature of both imaging techniques facilitates such structural analysis without recourse to invasive sampling.

This paper evaluates the applicability of Hungarian oligomictic alluvial gravel formations at two sections of the Danube river for construction use. The classification of these aggregates is more challenging than monomictic rock aggregates due to their heterogeneous nature. Multi-source clastic sediments cannot be characterized by single values of physical properties but only a distribution, and they are generally less predictable than monomictic materials. The possible applications in concrete manufacturing were evaluated by complex macro-microscopic petrographic, heavy mineral and nuclear analytical geochemical investigations. The two regions falling on the middle course of the Danube have similar sandy gravel formations, applicable as aggregates for conventional and unconventional concrete building purposes or road construction. Their utilization in open-air constructions might be problematic due to their probable alkali-silica reactivity.

This study aims to describe the thermal decomposition of two solvatomorphs of decakis(dimethylammonium) dihydrogendodecatungstate ((Me2NH2)10H2W12O42·10H2O and 11 H2O) under inert and oxidizing atmospheres. Thermal studies have been done by TG-MS, TG-DSC-MS, XRD and IR methods in both synthetic air and helium atmospheres. The general characteristics of thermal decomposition are similar for both solvatomorphs. Minor differences could be observed in the resolution and shifting of the decomposition peak temperatures depending on the heating rate or atmosphere used. The first step of decomposition is endothermic in both atmospheres and involves 2 and 5 water molecule elimination with ~ 150 and ~ 120 °C peak temperatures for the decahydrate and undecahydrate, respectively. The elimination of further water and dimethylamine was observed with increasing the temperature, as well as the disruption of the lattice of compounds. Until 300 °C, these processes are endothermic in both atmospheres, and the further decomposition processes at higher temperatures are left endothermic in helium, but become exothermic in synthetic air atmosphere. In helium atmosphere, above 350 °C, a solid-phase quasi-intramolecular redox reaction takes place when the dimethylamine degradation products react with the W=O bonds with formation of oxidative coupling products of the organic fragments and reduced tungsten oxide with WO~2.93 composition. In synthetic air, above 350 °C, burning of organic fragments takes place, there are no oxidative coupling products and reduced tungsten oxide formation, and the end product of decomposition is monoclinic WO3.

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) may occur as a serious complication of hematological malignancy. Delays in antifungal therapy can lead to an invasive disease resulting in high mortality. Currently, there are no well-established blood circulating microRNA biomarkers or laboratory tests which can be used to diagnose IA. Therefore, we aimed to define dysregulated miRNAs in hematology and oncology (HO) patients to identify biomarkers predisposing disease. We performed an in-depth analysis of high-throughput small transcriptome sequencing data obtained from the whole blood samples of our study cohort of 50 participants including 26 high-risk HO patients and 24 controls. By integrating in silico bioinformatic analyses of small noncoding RNA data, 57 miRNAs exhibiting significant expression differences (P

Over many years, great efforts have been made to develop new fluids for heat transfer applications. In this paper, the thermal conductivity (TC) and viscosity of SiO2–P25 TiO2 (SiO2–P25) hybrid nanofluids were investigated for different nanoparticle volume concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 vol%) at five various temperatures (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C). The mixture ratio (SiO2:P25) in all prepared hybrid nanofluids was 1:1. Besides, pure SiO2, P25 nanofluids were prepared with the same concentrations for comparison with the hybrid nanofluids. The base fluid used for the preparation of nanofluids was a mixture of deionized water and ethylene glycol at a ratio of 5:1. Before preparing the nanofluids, the nanoparticles were analyzed with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscope, X-ray powder diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The zeta potentials of the prepared nanofluids except SiO2 nanofluids were above 30 mV. These nanofluids were visually observed for stability in many days. The TC enhancement of the hybrid nanofluid was higher than the pure nanofluid. In particular, with 1.0 vol% concentration, the maximum enhancement of SiO2, P25 and SiO2–P25 nanofluids were 7.5%, 9.9% and 10.5%, respectively. The rheology of the nanofluids was Newtonian. The viscosity increment of SiO2, P25 and hybrid nanofluids were 19%, 32% and 24% with 0.5 vol% concentration. A new correlation was developed for the TC and dynamic viscosity of SiO2–P25 hybrid nanofluid.

Detailed vibrational (IR, Raman, far-IR) and thermal (TGA, TG–MS, DSC) analysis has been performed on di[κ1O,κ2O-carbonatotetraamminecobalt(III)] sulfate trihydrate, ([Co(NH3)4CO3]2SO4·3H2O (1). Its isothermic heating at 100 °C leads to formation of [Co(NH3)4CO3]2SO4 (compound 2). UV and IR studies showed that the distorted octahedral arrangement around cis-O2CoN4 core in compound 1 does not change during dehydration, which explains the reversible water loss and ability of compound 2 to rehydrate into compound 1. Compound 2 decomposes at ~ 240 °C in inert atmosphere giving final decomposition products, which are two modifications of nanosized metallic cobalt (hcp-15 nm, fcc-250 nm) and CoO (55 nm). The redox reaction results in N2 as an ammonia oxidation product. The decomposition intermediate is a cobalt(II) compound, Co2O1,14+δ(SO4)0.86 (δ = the oxygen surplus due to the presence of 2.8% of Co(III) ion). The same reaction in air atmosphere resulted in Co2O1.25+δ(SO4)0.75 (δ = the oxygen surplus due to the presence of 5.3% of Co(III) ion (compound 3a). Compound 3a is oxidized in air at 793 °C into Co3O4. The compound 3a exhibits catalytic activity in photodegradation in Congo red. The photodegradation process follows pseudo-first-order kinetic (kapp = 1.0 and 7.0. at pH = 3.4 and 5.25, respectively).

Numerous researches to prepare and stabilize graphene-based nanofluids have been developed.

The process by which chemistry can give rise to biology remains one of the biggest mysteries in contemporary science. The de novo synthesis and origin of life both require the functional integration of three key characteristics — replication, metabolism and compartmentalization — into a system that is maintained out of equilibrium and is capable of open-ended Darwinian evolution. This Review takes systems of self-replicating molecules as starting points and describes the steps necessary to integrate additional characteristics of life. We analyse how far experimental self-replicators have come in terms of Darwinian evolution. We also cover models of replicator communities that attempt to solve Eigen’s paradox, whereby accurate replication needs complex machinery yet obtaining such complex self-replicators through evolution requires accurate replication. Successful models rely on a collective metabolism and a way of (transient) compartmentalization, suggesting that the invention and integration of these two characteristics is driven by evolution. Despite our growing knowledge, there remain numerous key challenges that may be addressed by a combined theoretical and experimental approach. Self-replicating systems play a central role in the emergence of life. This Review describes the features that self-replicating systems need to acquire to transition from chemistry to biology and surveys the progress made in theoretical and experimental approaches.

Environmental biotechnology offers several promising techniques for the rehabilitation of polluted environments. The modern industrialized world presents novel challenges to the environmental sciences, requiring a constant development and deepening of knowledge to enable the characterization of novel pollutants and a better understanding of the bioremediation strategies as well as their limiting factors. The success of bioremediation depends heavily on the survival and activities of indigenous microbial communities and their interaction with introduced microorganisms. The majority of natural microbiomes remain uncultivated; therefore, further investigations focusing on their intrinsic functions in ecosystems are needed. In this review, we aimed to provide (a) a comprehensive overview of the presence of viable but nonculturable bacteria and yet-to-be-cultivated cells in nature and their diverse awakening strategies in response to, among other factors, signalling extracellular metabolites (autoinducers, resuscitation promoting factors, and siderophores); (b) an outline of the trends in isolating unculturable bacteria; and (c) the potential applications of these hidden players in rehabilitation processes.

Graphene has attracted much attention from the science world because of its mechanical, thermal, and physical properties. Graphene nanofluid is well known for its easy synthesis, longer suspension stability, higher heat conductivity, lower erosion, corrosion, larger surface area/volume ratio, and lower demand for pumping power. This article is an audit of experimental outcome about the preparation and stability of graphene-based nanofluids. Numerous researches to prepare and stabilize graphene-based nanofluids have been developed, and it is indispensable to create a complete list of the approaches. This research work outlines the advancement on preparation and assessment methods and the techniques to enhance the stability of graphene nanofluids and outlook prospects.

In the literature data, several papers reported the synthesis by various chemical or physical methods of the SrCu2O2 (SCO) having possible applications in thermoelectric or completely electronic devices such as solar cells, liquid crystal displays and touch screen. A great challenge is represented by the formation of the pure SrCu2O2 (SCO), due to the high labiality of the Cu valence, depending on temperature. In the present paper, the thermal behavior of Sr–Cu–O gels obtained by sol–gel (SG) or microwave (MW)-assisted SG methods was studied in order to establish the appropriate thermal conditions for pure nanostructured SrCu2O2 preparation. As reagents, copper and strontium acetylacetonate in alcoholic media were used. The starting solutions were homogenized either by stirring for 2 h at room temperature or were exposed to MW for 5 min at 300 W and a frequency of 2.45 GHz. Both solutions were left to gel at room temperature. The obtained gels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, as well as by thermal analysis combined with evolved gas analysis (TG/DTA-MS) measurements in air, inert and reducing atmospheres. For both type of samples, a stepwise thermal decomposition of the gels was noticed in a large temperature range. In the case of samples obtained by microwave-assisted SG method, a higher number of thermal effects were registered assigned to a higher number of molecular species formed in the sample. The residues obtained by non-isothermal treatment up to 900 °C, of both type of samples, were investigated by X-ray diffraction. The results demonstrate the influence of the MW on the SG synthesis and on the thermal properties of the resulted gels. Based on the obtained results, the required thermal treatment of the gels in order to obtain convenient precursors powders for obtaining pure SrCu2O2 could be proposed.

Background Back school programs, that improve back care and spine disease prevention knowledge are recommended at the age of 4-14 years. There is Health Questionnaire on Back Care Knowledge in the literature for children aged 14-17 years. At other ages, there is no questionnaire examining this knowledge. We aimed to develop a Health Questionnaire on Back Care and Spine Disease Prevention Knowledge for 6-10 years old children and validate its psychometric properties (internal consistency, test-retest reliability, agreement, convergent validity, discriminant validity) in 6-10 years old children, who attended back school program or not. Methods 463 children took part in the research (6-10 years old). The development was performed according to the Delphi method. The final version contained 7 questions. 463 participants completed the questionnaire twice with an interval of 7 days to evaluate test-retest reliability. The internal consistency was tested by Cronbach’s alpha value, test–retest reliability was calculated by Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and 95% of Minimal Detectable Change (MDC95) and Bland–Altman plots. Convergent validity was tested against the age variable and discriminant validity was tested by Kruskal-Wallis tests among the different subgroups. Results Cronbach’s alpha of the total score was (α=0.797), showed a strong internal consistency with minimal SEM (0.606) and MDC95 (1.680). The test-retest result for the total score was strong (0.989), for the questions showed moderate to strong results (0.742-0.975), the limits of agreement of the Bland-Altman plot showed a narrow error of measurement range (-3.49-1.29), and the value of mean differences was −1.10 (SD ± 1.22). The convergent validity showed a weak, but significant relationship between total score and age (R=0.171; p Conclusion For the examination of back care and spine disease prevention knowledge of 6-10 years old children, the questionnaire proved to be a valid and reliable tool. The knowledge requested in the questionnaire covers the knowledge material of the theoretical part of the back school for children aged 4-10 years.

Smart cyber-physical systems (CPSs) have complex interaction with their environment which is rarely known in advance, and they heavily depend on intelligent data processing carried out over a heterogeneous and distributed computation platform with resource-constrained devices to monitor, manage and control autonomous behavior. First, we propose a distributed runtime model to capture the operational state and the context information of a smart CPS using directed, typed and attributed graphs as high-level knowledge representation. The runtime model is distributed among the participating nodes, and it is consistently kept up to date in a continuously evolving environment by a time-triggered model management protocol. Our runtime models offer a (domain-specific) model query and manipulation interface over the reliable communication middleware of the Data Distribution Service (DDS) standard widely used in the CPS domain. Then, we propose to carry out distributed runtime monitoring by capturing critical properties of interest in the form of graph queries, and design a distributed graph query evaluation algorithm for evaluating such graph queries over the distributed runtime model. As the key innovation, our (1) distributed runtime model extends existing publish–subscribe middleware (like DDS) used in real-time CPS applications by enabling the dynamic creation and deletion of graph nodes (without compile time limits). Moreover, (2) our distributed query evaluation extends existing graph query techniques by enabling query evaluation in a real-time, resource-constrained environment while still providing scalable performance. Our approach is illustrated, and an initial scalability evaluation is carried out on the MoDeS3 CPS demonstrator and the open Train Benchmark for graph queries.

A range of entirely different pentagon approximations are known from textual and graphic sources related to the architecture of the Middle Ages. Analysis of the mathematical logic behind them highlights the scientific knowledge of master masons who directly calculated constructional methods according to their practical needs. From the examination of these pentagon approximations, their mathematical features, such as the initial data of the construction or precision of side lengths and angles, the range of architectural design problems they would have been able to solve can be determined. This paper provides an accurate comparison of mathematical and geometrical features of pentagon constructions from medieval sources, studying their applicability from an architectural aspect.

We have been looking for a safe and economical technique for making an Electronic Terrain and Obstacle Data collection (eTOD). We have developed a method and a quality assurance system which covers the complete process from making an aerial survey to data processing. In addition to presenting the method, the article focuses on the dependence of the aerial photogrammetric obstacle survey on spatial resolution. We have found that the most effective way of making an obstacle database is by making a passive aerial remote sensing, which is supported by a high-speed (200–600 km/h) fixed-wing aircraft. The high-speed aerial camera systems with vertical and oblique camera axis are more accurate and more aerial triangulation can be used with them than with classic single camera solutions. The carefully planned flights for fixed-wing platforms provide a stable camera position and the homogeneous shooting network more easily, and obstruct the air transport for less time. In most cases, a terrestrial survey in itself does not allow the creation of the eTOD within a reasonable time frame and with complete safety, because of hard-to-reach areas, subjectivity and slow traversal in the field.