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Lung carcinoma is the main reason for cancer-associated deaths in the world. In a previous study, FCH domain only 1 (FCHo1) which is managed by protein kinase B (AKT), was shown to be activated in lung cancer. FCHo1 knockdown has previously been shown to cause cell death in lung cancer. However, the specific roles of FCHo1 in lung carcinoma remain elusive. Herein, we propose that FCHo1’s intracellular mechanism targets the G1 to S phase transition, following the M phase. We demonstrated that F-BAR and mu homology domains exist separately in human lung tissues and that one truncated form is not detected in patients with lung cancer. Furthermore, quantitative global proteome analysis of FCHo1 indicated that the inhibition of G1/S phase transition and FCHo1 RNAi led to the death of cells in the G1/S phase. Noninvasive viral aerosol-mediated delivery of FCHo1 shRNA suppressed cancer progression in mice with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), suggesting that the delivery of FCHo1 shRNA could be a meaningful therapeutic strategy in lung cancer. Additional studies are needed to make clear the detailed mechanism of action of FCHo1.

Satellite retrieval-based precipitation data with high spatial and temporal resolutions give an opportunity for precipitation research in regions with coarse networks of precipitation measuring instruments. This study evaluates the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) data in Bangladesh and surrounding regions and then examines the diurnal variation of precipitation in these regions using the cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function (CSEOF) analysis method. The IMERG data capture the overall patterns of the diurnal variation of precipitation well, except for the overestimation of the degree of diurnal variability in the pre-monsoon season. The spatial distribution of precipitation is also captured well, except for the drastic horizontal change in precipitation within the northeastern region of Bangladesh. These encourage the use of the IMERG data for studying precipitation characteristics in Bangladesh and surrounding regions. Through the CSEOF analysis, the pre-monsoonal precipitation is characterized by the enhanced precipitation in the northern region of Bangladesh and the Meghalaya Plateau region in the late night to early morning. The monsoonal precipitation consists of two contrasting CSEOF modes. One shows enhanced precipitation in the northern region of the Bay of Bengal during 0600–1500 LST, related to the strong westerly moisture transport over the Bay of Bengal. The other shows enhanced precipitation in the southern slopes of the Meghalaya Plateau and Himalayan Foothills during 0000–0600 LST, associated with the strong southwesterly moisture transport toward these slopes that is neither blocked nor deflected by the Arakan Mountains.

Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted glycophosphoprotein that has been implicated in the regulation of cancer development. The function of OPN is primarily regulated through post-translational modification such as glycosylation. As yet, however, the relationship between OPN glycosylation and lung cancer development has not been investigated. In this study, we addressed this issue by studying the effect of a triple mutant (TM) of OPN, which is mutated at three O-glycosylation sites, on lung cancer development in K-ras (LA1) mice, a murine model for human non-small cell lung cancer.Aerosolized lentivirus-based OPN TM was delivered into the lungs of K-ras (LA1) mice using a nose-only-inhalation chamber 3 times/wk for 4 wks. Subsequently, the effects of repeated delivery of OPN TM on lung tumorigenesis and its concomitant OPN-mediated signaling pathways were investigated.Aerosol-delivered OPN TM inhibited lung tumorigenesis. In addition, the OPN-mediated Akt signaling pathway was inhibited. OPN TM also decreased NF-κB activity and the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1, while facilitating apoptosis in the lungs of K-ras (LA1) mice.Our results show that aerosol delivery of OPN TM successfully suppresses lung cancer development in the K-ras (LA1) mouse model and, therefore, warrant its further investigation as a possible therapeutic strategy for non-small cell lung cancer.

To examine the characteristics of turbulent flow and heat transfer about the compound channel with gap, the present study has performed a numerical analysis by using large eddy simulation (LES). Our first aim was to analyze the cause of pulsating flow by investigating the turbulent flow through the unsteady analysis of compound channel. Next, to understand the correlations between gap width and heat transfer enhancement, we tried to verify the enhancement effect of heat transfer when a gap exists within the compound channel. From this numerical analysis, we could see that the lateral velocity occurs periodically around the gap and this is developed in the pulsating flow. The pulsating flow has generated a strong turbulent flow mixing within the compound channel. And the turbulent flow mixing in the pulsating flow plays an effective role of enhancing heat transfer effect by making the fluid temperature uniformly within the compound channel.