Search

Volcanic gases give information on magmatic processes. In particular, anomalous releases of carbon dioxide precede volcanic eruptions. Up to now, this gas has been measured in volcanic plumes with conventional measurements that imply the severe risks of local sampling and can last many hours. For these reasons and for the great advantages of laser sensing, the thorough development of volcanic lidars has been undertaken at ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development). In fact, lidar profiling allows one to scan remotely volcanic plumes in a fast and continuous way, and with high spatial and temporal resolution. A differential absorption lidar instrument will be presented in this paper: BILLI (BrIdge voLcanic LIdar). It is based on injection-seeded Nd:YAG laser, double-grating dye laser, difference frequency mixing and optical parametric amplifier. BILLI is funded by the ERC (European Research Council) project BRIDGE (BRIDging the gap between Gas Emissions and geophysical observations at active volcanos). It scanned the gas emitted by Pozzuoli Solfatara (Naples, Italy) and Stromboli Volcano (Sicily, Italy) during field campaigns carried out from October 13 to 17, 2014, and from June 24 to 29, 2015, respectively. Carbon dioxide concentration maps were retrieved remotely in few minutes in the crater areas. To our knowledge, it is the first time that carbon dioxide in a volcanic plume is retrieved by lidar. This result represents the first direct measurement of this kind ever performed on active volcanos and shows the high potential of laser remote sensing in early detection of volcanic hazard.

Women account for over 80 % of the fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) population. Some researchers have noted that a large percentage of women with FMS have had hysterectomies. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between FMS and hysterectomies, and to examine the impact of having a hysterectomy on health status and health care costs. A sample of 573 American women, who were members of a health maintenance organization with a confirmed diagnosis of FMS, reported whether they had a hysterectomy. Participants completed the Quality of Well-Being Scale and their annual health care costs were calculated based on their medical records. Almost half of the sample (48.3 %) reported having had a hysterectomy, with 90.7 % reporting having had the surgery before their FMS diagnosis. Those who had a hysterectomy had significantly lower general health status and incurred higher health care costs than the women with FMS who did not have a hysterectomy. The percentage of women with FMS who had a hysterectomy was considerably higher than that found in the general population. In this study, having a hysterectomy and a diagnosis of FMS was related to poorer health status and higher health care costs.

The temperature dependent corrections of the formaldehyde laser induced fluorescence raw signal are discussed for the 355 nm excitation, which is widely available as the third harmonic of Nd-YAG lasers. The temperature dependence of the HCHO partition function is calculated explicitly and the effect of quenching corrections is discussed in view of the absence of experimental data on collision cross-sections. Particular reference is made to the case of HCHO layers in hydrocarbon diffusion flames. It is shown that the thickness of such layers is not affected drastically by the calculated corrections, which has implications for the estimate of the scalar dissipation rate in diffusion flames.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:43:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1981-08-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Instituto de Fisica Teórica, Rua Pamplona 145, São Paulo, 01405, S. P. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, CBPF/CNPq Av. Wenceslau Braz 71, fundos, Rio de Janeiro, 22290, R. J.

A method of constructing production cross-sections that satisfy the constraints represented by the first few moments is shown to give an excellent account of the data when applied to the high-energy pp production cross-sections σn(s) plotted as functions ofn.

The decay constants of pseudoscalar mesons and scalar diquarks are calculated in an approximated way within a quark model previously developed.

We show that a Reggeized double-nucleon-exchange model is able to reproduce the nondiffractive A1 production recently observed in the reaction K−p→∑−π+π−π+ at 4.15 GeV/c.

As a continuation of previous work, we determine hadronic-production cross-sectionsσn(s) satisfying exactly the high-energy empirical laws known for the first, second and third multiplicity moments. The result is obtained in the form of a second-order linear differential equation forσn(s) which allows one to calculate explicitly all successive moments. In particular, the fourth moment is in excellent agreement with the data. The asymptotic solution of the equation forσn(s) is given analytically. KNO scaling turns out to be an asymptotic property of our solution. The full solution forσn(s) is studied numerically and the KNO plot is compared with the data. No free parameters are left to be adjusted except for an overall normalization constant. As expected, KNO scaling sets in rather quickly with increasingn and the agreement with the data is progressively good. This agreement becomes excellent for the whole interval ofn/ for which data exist (0 ≲4) asn becomes larger, but already forn∼3 the agreement is very good up ton/ ≅2. It turns out that the asymptotic solution, given in analytic terms, is an excellent approximation to the data and can thus be used for practical purposes instead of the full solution for calculatingσn(s).