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The occurrence of gene duplication/amplification (GDA) provide potential material for adaptive evolution with environmental stress. Several molecular models have been proposed to explain GDA, recombination via short stretches of sequence similarity plays a crucial role. By screening genomes for such events, we propose a “SRS (short repeated sequence) *N + unit + SRS*N” amplified unit under USCE (unequal sister-chromatid exchange) for tandem amplification mediated by SRS with different repeat numbers in eukaryotes. The amplified units identified from 2131 well-organized amplification events that generate multi gene/element copy amplified with subsequent adaptive evolution in the respective species. Genomic data we analyzed showed dynamic changes among related species or subspecies or plants from different ecotypes/strains. This study clarifies the characteristics of variable copy number SRS on both sides of amplified unit under USCE mechanism, to explain well-organized gene tandem amplification under environmental stress mediated by SRS in all eukaryotes.

0009-3130/11/4705-0848 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 1) Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China, fax: 86931 266-1767, e-mail: limaox2005@yahoo.com.cn; 2) Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China; 3) Department of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 740–741, September–October, 2011. Original article submitted June 15, 2010. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Vol. 47, No. 5, November, 2011 [Russian original No. 5, September–October, 2011]