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This paper aims to provide a complete security mechanism for DOS attacks in wireless networks. Various techniques and methodologies were proposed in the earlier studies against DOS attack and their solution in terms of detection and prevention rate is very less. In this paper DAD-(defending against DOS) approach is proposed to provide maximum level of security and DAD shows the efficiency in terms of detection and prevention. DAD has two main phases, such as authentication and monitoring. In authentication phase entire node verification and certification is provided by DAD approach. In monitoring phase the entire traffic flow is monitored with a help of USIP-recording and USIP-marking methods. The simulation result shows that the efficacy of DAD is better than the existing approaches in terms of detection and prevention.

Albuminuria predicts cardiovascular and end-stage kidney disease in indigenous populations. Early detection in indigenous children may identify those who could benefit from early treatment. Community-based detection of albuminuria needs to be performed using a reliable, inexpensive, and widely available test, such as a proteinuria dipstick. Dipstick accuracy for detecting albuminuria in a community setting has not been evaluated. We assessed the accuracy of Multistix 10 SG dipsticks to detect baseline albuminuria and predict for persistent albuminuria at a 2-year follow-up in a population-based cohort of Australian Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal elementary-school-aged children. Variability in the accuracy of dipsticks in subgroups of higher risk children was analyzed using the relative diagnostic odds ratio (RDOR). Using Multistix 10 SG dipsticks, index-test-positive cases were defined as ≥0.30 g/L (1+) proteinuria and index-test-negative cases as

Through structured interviews with 108 senior and middle managers in China, we compared the composition and social exchange practices of Chinese male and female managers' career success networks (CSNs). The results indicated that most of the CSN ties formed by both male and female managers are with men, especially power ties. Male and female managers differed in the extent to which they engaged in instrumental and expressive transactions with same- and opposite-sex CSN alters, reciprocated the help provided by CSN alters, and socialized outside of the workplace with opposite-sex alters. The implications of these results for career success in China are discussed.