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Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is considered as one of the most significant transmission methodologies of the recent past. Moreover, it permits easy demodulation and modulation. To find the new OFDM-based waveform to be used in fifth generation which is one of the foremost open issues for wireless networks of the next generation. In addition, the OFDM is affected by the maximum Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). In order to minimize these problems, this paper proposed a Twin Symbol Hybrid Optimization used as a basis of the Partial Transmit Sequence (TSHO-PTS) method of Cyclic Prefix-OFDM (CP-OFDM). This CP-OFDM achieves the requirements of 5G telecommunication standards. Moreover, the exhaustive searching for optimal phase factors might increase the computational cost of PTS. To beat this problem, a hybrid version of slap swarm optimization (SSO) and Bald Eagle Search (BES) algorithm is introduced to investigate the phase factor optimally by the PTS method. Digital chaotic sequences are used to ensure the physical layer security during the data transmission scheme for the Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) subcarrier allocation. The simulation takes place in the MATLAB platform, and the performances are evaluated by several performance metrics like Complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF), Bit Error Rate (BER), and computational complexity. The performance of the proposed model is compared with various existing approaches and previous works. From the implemented results, the proposed strategy achieved less (5 dB) PAPR, minimum (10–8) BER, less processing time (0.18 s) than the existing schemes, and hence the complexity also very low (7%) than others.

In this paper, a novel technique is presented to test the flight of an unmanned aerial vehicle autonomously in a real-world scenario using a data-driven technique without intervening with its onboard software. With the growing applications of such vehicles, testing of autonomous flight is a very important task for rapid deployment. There are different tools for modeling and simulating unmanned vehicles in virtual worlds such as Gazebo, MATLAB, Simulink, and Webots to name a few. None of these simulation tools are able to model all possible physical parameters of a real-world environment. Hence, the flight controller or mission planning software has to be tested in the physical world in the presence of an expert before deployment for a specific task. A Perception Inference Engine evaluation tool is presented that can infer internal states of the autonomous system from external observations only. The Gazebo simulation platform is used to collect data to develop the perception model. For real-time data collection, a VICON motion capture system is used to observe the autonomous flight of a small unmanned aerial vehicle. A state-of-the-art decision tree algorithm is used to implement the data-driven approach. The technique was tested using simulation data and verified with real-time data from Intel Aero Ready to Fly and Parrot AR. 2.0 drones. Moreover, we analyzed the robustness of the proposed system by introducing noise in sensor measurement and ambiguity in the testing scenario. We compared the performance of the decision tree classifier with Naive bayes and support vector machine classifiers. It is shown that the developed system can be used for the performance evaluation of a UAV operating in the physical world by significantly reducing uncertainty in mission failure due to environmental parameters.