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The main objective of this investigation was to study the enzymatic activities of Actinomycetales strains isolated from an agricultural soil amended with different amounts of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) or farmyard manure (FM). For this purpose, the hydrolytic activities of carboxymethyl cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, amylase, chitinase and protease were tested for 75 isolates of Sterptomyces, Amycolatopsis and Nocardioides from different sources (unamended soil, amended soil with FM or MSWC, FM and MSWC) at temperature ranging between 30 and 50°C. It was shown that the highest rate of enzymes producer’s strains was registered at 30°C, and decreased gradually to annul at 50°C, with the exception of the MSWC strains origin. It was also shown that the percentage of strains producers of enzymes isolated from soil amended with MSWC appeared higher than the one registered for those isolated from control and amended with FM soils. Application of MSWC increases the number of enzymes producer-actinomycetes in the soil and then it improves its fertility.

The main objective of this investigation was to study the Actinomycetales community in a Tunisian agricultural soil amended with different amounts of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) or farmyard manure (FM). It was shown, by using the 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction—restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing methods for Actinomycetales isolates, tow major clusters. The cluster SI is composed of tow related families: Streptomycetaceae, dominant family and Pseudonocardiaceae. However, SII is composed of Nocardioidaceae family. The application of FM or MSWC increases the Actinomycetales number and affects their diversity by inhibition, stimulation or contribution of some species in soil. It was also shown, by the application of molecular techniques to soil samples using selective primers, that these three groups of Actinomycetales remain dominant even after 5 years of organic amendment application in soil.