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20 results on '"Merriel A"'

3. Clinical trials in cancer screening, prevention and early diagnosis (SPED): a systematic mapping review

Author

O’Dowd, Emma L., primary, Merriel, Samuel W. D., additional, Cheng, Vinton W. T., additional, Khan, Sam, additional, Howells, Lynne M., additional, Gopal, Dipesh P., additional, Roundhill, Elizabeth A., additional, Brennan, Paul M., additional, Crosbie, Philip A. J., additional, Neal, Richard D., additional, Brown, Karen, additional, Crosbie, Emma J., additional, and Baldwin, David R., additional

Published
2023
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7. Ethnic differences in prostate-specific antigen levels in men without prostate cancer: a systematic review

Author

Melissa Barlow, Liz Down, Luke Timothy Allan Mounce, Samuel William David Merriel, Jessica Watson, Tanimola Martins, and Sarah Elizabeth Rose Bailey

Subjects
Cancer Research, Oncology, Urology
Abstract

Introduction Black men are twice as likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer than White men. Raised prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels can indicate an increased risk of prostate cancer, however it is not known whether PSA levels differ for men of different ethnic groups. Methods PubMed and Embase were searched to identify studies that reported levels of PSA for men of at least two ethnic groups without a prostate cancer diagnosis or symptoms suggestive of prostate cancer. An adaptation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess risk of bias and study quality. Findings were stratified into the following broad ethnic groups: White, Black, Asian, Hispanic, and Other. Data were analysed in a narrative synthesis due to the heterogeneity of reported PSA measures and methods in the included studies. Results A total of 654 197 males from 13 studies were included. By ethnicity, this included 536 201 White (82%), 38 287 Black (6%), 38 232 Asian (6%), 18 029 Pacific Island (3%), 13 614 Maori (2%), 8 885 Hispanic (1%), and 949 Other ( Conclusions Black men without prostate cancer have higher PSA levels than White or Hispanic men, which reflects the higher rates of prostate cancer diagnosis in Black men. Despite that, the diagnostic accuracy of PSA for prostate cancer for men of different ethnic groups is unknown, and current guidance for PSA test interpretation does not account for ethnicity. Future research needs to determine whether Black men are diagnosed with similar rates of clinically significant prostate cancer to White men, or whether raised PSA levels are contributing to overdiagnosis of prostate cancer in Black men.

Published
2022

9. Applying a genetic risk score for prostate cancer to men with lower urinary tract symptoms in primary care to predict prostate cancer diagnosis: a cohort study in the UK Biobank

Author

Green, Harry D., primary, Merriel, Samuel W. D., additional, Oram, Richard A., additional, Ruth, Katherine S., additional, Tyrrell, Jessica, additional, Jones, Samuel E., additional, Thirlwell, Chrissie, additional, Weedon, Michael N., additional, and Bailey, Sarah E. R., additional

Published
2022
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10. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for the detection of prostate cancer in symptomatic patients.

Author

Merriel, SWD, Pocock, L, Gilbert, E, Creavin, S, Walter, FM, Spencer, A, Hamilton, W, Merriel, SWD, Pocock, L, Gilbert, E, Creavin, S, Walter, FM, Spencer, A, and Hamilton, W

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a commonly used test to detect prostate cancer. Attention has mostly focused on the use of PSA in screening asymptomatic patients, but the diagnostic accuracy of PSA for prostate cancer in patients with symptoms is less well understood. METHODS: A systematic database search was conducted of Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library. Studies reporting the diagnostic accuracy of PSA for prostate cancer in patients with symptoms were included. Two investigators independently assessed the titles and abstracts of all database search hits and full texts of potentially relevant studies against the inclusion criteria, and data extracted into a proforma. Study quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool by two investigators independently. Summary estimates of diagnostic accuracy were calculated with meta-analysis using bivariate mixed effects regression. RESULTS: Five hundred sixty-three search hits were assessed by title and abstract after de-duplication, with 75 full text papers reviewed. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria, 18 of which were conducted in secondary care settings with one from a screening study cohort. All studies used histology obtained by transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy (TRUS) as a reference test; usually only for patients with elevated PSA or abnormal prostate examination. Pooled data from 14,489 patients found estimated sensitivity of PSA for prostate cancer was 0.93 (95% CI 0.88, 0.96) and specificity was 0.20 (95% CI 0.12, 0.33). The area under the hierarchical summary receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.72 (95% CI 0.68, 0.76). All studies were assessed as having a high risk of bias in at least one QUADAS-2 domain. CONCLUSIONS: Currently available evidence suggests PSA is highly sensitive but poorly specific for prostate cancer detection in symptomatic patients. However, significant limitations in study design and reference test reduces the certainty of this estimate.

Published
2022

13. Assessing the impact of a motivational intervention to improve the working lives of maternity healthcare workers: a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of a feasibility study in Malawi

Author

Merriel, Abi, primary, Dembo, Zione, additional, Hussein, Julia, additional, Larkin, Michael, additional, Mchenga, Allan, additional, Tobias, Aurelio, additional, Lough, Mark, additional, Malata, Address, additional, Makwenda, Charles, additional, and Coomarasamy, Arri, additional

Published
2021
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15. Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce pelvic infection in women having miscarriage surgery – The AIMS (Antibiotics in Miscarriage Surgery) trial: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Author

Tayamika Tambala, Olufemi T Oladapo, Arri Coomarasamy, David Lissauer, Theresa Ngalawesa, Andrew Weeks, Helen Uniza, Humera Ismail, Lee J Middleton, Chisale Mhango, Agatha Chirwa, Catherine A Hewitt, Godfrey Mbaruku, Colleta Mphasa, Caroline Mwalwanda, Margaret Iyaku, Javier Zamora, Jane Frances Acam, Charles Otim Tom, Tracy E Roberts, Agnes Mboma, Abi Merriel, Iffat Ahmed, Amie Wilson, Metin Gülmezoglu, Beatus Simon, Margaret Anyango, John Ekunait, Rahat Qureshi, Grace Chiudzu, Jane P Daniels, Ronald Mataya, Grace Watts, James Ditai, Jon Bishop, Nicola Desmond, Jerome Chibwana, Ilias Goranitis, and Frank Taulo

Subjects
Malawi, economic evaluation, Time Factors, Placebo-controlled study, Administration, Oral, Medicine (miscellaneous), Abortion, Miscarriage, Tanzania, antibiotics, law.invention, Study Protocol, Gynecologic Surgical Procedures, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, low-income countries, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, placebo-controlled trial, Antibiotics, law, Informed consent, Pakistan, Uganda, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Antibiotic prophylaxis, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Randomised controlled trial, lcsh:R5-920, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, miscarriage surgery, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Low-income countries, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, Doxycycline, Female, lcsh:Medicine (General), Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Placebo-controlled trial, Pelvic infection, Drug Administration Schedule, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Double-Blind Method, Metronidazole, medicine, Humans, Miscarriage surgery, Adverse effect, business.industry, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, medicine.disease, pelvic infection, Economic evaluation, Surgery, Abortion, Spontaneous, business, randomised controlled trial
Abstract

Background The estimated annual global burden of miscarriage is 33 million out of 210 million pregnancies. Many women undergoing miscarriage have surgery to remove pregnancy tissues, resulting in miscarriage surgery being one of the most common operations performed in hospitals in low-income countries. Infection is a serious consequence and can result in serious illness and death. In low-income settings, the infection rate following miscarriage surgery has been reported to be high. Good quality evidence on the use of prophylactic antibiotics for surgical miscarriage management is not available. Given that miscarriage surgery is common, and infective complications are frequent and serious, prophylactic antibiotics may offer a simple and affordable intervention to improve outcomes. Methods Eligible patients will be approached once the diagnosis of miscarriage has been made according to local practice. Once informed consent has been given, participants will be randomly allocated using a secure internet facility (1:1 ratio) to a single dose of oral doxycycline (400 mg) and metronidazole (400 mg) or placebo. Allocation will be concealed to both the patient and the healthcare providers. A total of 3400 women will be randomised, 1700 in each arm. The medication will be given approximately 2 hours before surgery, which will be provided according to local practice. The primary outcome is pelvic infection 2 weeks after surgery. Women will be invited to the hospital for a clinical assessment at 2 weeks. Secondary outcomes include overall antibiotic use, individual components of the primary outcome, death, hospital admission, unplanned consultations, blood transfusion, vomiting, diarrhoea, adverse events, anaphylaxis and allergy, duration of clinical symptoms, and days before return to usual activities. An economic evaluation will be performed to determine if prophylactic antibiotics are cost-effective. Discussion This trial will assess whether a single dose of doxycycline (400 mg) and metronidazole (400 mg) taken orally 2 hours before miscarriage surgery can reduce the incidence of pelvic infection in women up to 2 weeks after miscarriage surgery. Trial registration Registered with the ISRCTN (international standard randomised controlled trial number) registry: ISRCTN 97143849. (Registered on April 17, 2013). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-018-2598-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2018

20. Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce pelvic infection in women having miscarriage surgery – The AIMS (Antibiotics in Miscarriage Surgery) trial: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Author

Lissauer, David, primary, Wilson, Amie, additional, Daniels, Jane, additional, Middleton, Lee, additional, Bishop, Jon, additional, Hewitt, Catherine, additional, Merriel, Abi, additional, Weeks, Andrew, additional, Mhango, Chisale, additional, Mataya, Ronald, additional, Taulo, Frank, additional, Ngalawesa, Theresa, additional, Chirwa, Agatha, additional, Mphasa, Colleta, additional, Tambala, Tayamika, additional, Chiudzu, Grace, additional, Mwalwanda, Caroline, additional, Mboma, Agnes, additional, Qureshi, Rahat, additional, Ahmed, Iffat, additional, Ismail, Humera, additional, Gulmezoglu, Metin, additional, Oladapo, Olufemi T., additional, Mbaruku, Godfrey, additional, Chibwana, Jerome, additional, Watts, Grace, additional, Simon, Beatus, additional, Ditai, James, additional, Tom, Charles Otim, additional, Acam, Jane-Frances, additional, Ekunait, John, additional, Uniza, Helen, additional, Iyaku, Margaret, additional, Anyango, Margaret, additional, Zamora, Javier, additional, Roberts, Tracy, additional, Goranitis, Ilias, additional, Desmond, Nicola, additional, and Coomarasamy, Arri, additional

Published
2018
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