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Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T16:48:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-01 Sugarcane mosaic disease (SMD) caused by sugarcane mosaic virus, is one of the main diseases in sugarcane production areas in Brazil. Thus, the identification of new sources of resistance for use in future introgression crosses is key for reliable economic gains. Here, we aimed to screen a diversity panel of 98 sugarcane genotypes for SMD under natural infection conditions, to investigate virus-specific amplicons from SCMV coat protein gene (CP), and identify marker-trait associations via association mapping using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR). The highest SMD incidence (26.53%) was observed eight months after planting, with significant differences (p

The NASHmap model is a non-invasive tool using 14 variables (features) collected in standard clinical practice to classify patients as probable nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or non-NASH, and here we have explored its performance and prediction accuracy. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) NAFLD Adult Database and the Optum Electronic Health Record (EHR) were used for patient data. Model performance metrics were calculated from correct and incorrect classifications for 281 NIDDK (biopsy-confirmed NASH and non-NASH, with and without stratification by type 2 diabetes status) and 1,016 Optum (biopsy-confirmed NASH) patients. NASHmap sensitivity in NIDDK is 81%, with a slightly higher sensitivity in T2DM patients (86%) than non-T2DM patients (77%). NIDDK patients misclassified by NASHmap had mean feature values distinct from correctly predicted patients, particularly for aspartate transaminase (AST; 75.88 U/L true positive vs 34.94 U/L false negative), and alanine transaminase (ALT; 104.09 U/L vs 47.99 U/L). Sensitivity was slightly lower in Optum at 72%. In an undiagnosed Optum cohort at risk for NASH (n = 2.9 M), NASHmap predicted 31% of patients as NASH. This predicted NASH group had AST and ALT mean levels above normal range of 0–35 U/L, and 87% had HbA1C levels > 5.7%. Overall, NASHmap demonstrates good sensitivity in predicting NASH status in both datasets, and NASH patients misclassified as non-NASH by NASHmap have clinical profiles closer to non-NASH patients.

First, we give a detailed review of two algorithms that solve the minimization case of the assignment problem, the Bertsekas auction algorithm and the Goldberg & Kennedy algorithm. It was previously alluded that both algorithms are equivalent. We give a detailed proof that these algorithms are equivalent. Also, we perform experimental results comparing the performance of three algorithms for the assignment problem: the $$\epsilon $$ -scaling auction algorithm, the Hungarian algorithm and the FlowAssign algorithm. The experiment shows that the auction algorithm still performs and scales better in practice than the other algorithms which are harder to implement and have better theoretical time complexity.

The development of a portfolio of COVID-19 vaccines to vaccinate the global population remains an urgent public health imperative1. Here we demonstrate the capacity of a subunit vaccine, comprising the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain displayed on an I53-50 protein nanoparticle scaffold (hereafter designated RBD-NP), to stimulate robust and durable neutralizing-antibody responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques. We evaluated five adjuvants including Essai O/W 1849101, a squalene-in-water emulsion; AS03, an α-tocopherol-containing oil-in-water emulsion; AS37, a Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist adsorbed to alum; CpG1018-alum, a TLR9 agonist formulated in alum; and alum. RBD-NP immunization with AS03, CpG1018-alum, AS37 or alum induced substantial neutralizing-antibody and CD4 T cell responses, and conferred protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pharynges, nares and bronchoalveolar lavage. The neutralizing-antibody response to live virus was maintained up to 180 days after vaccination with RBD-NP in AS03 (RBD-NP-AS03), and correlated with protection from infection. RBD-NP immunization cross-neutralized the B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 variant efficiently but showed a reduced response against the B.1.351 variant. RBD-NP-AS03 produced a 4.5-fold reduction in neutralization of B.1.351 whereas the group immunized with RBD-NP-AS37 produced a 16-fold reduction in neutralization of B.1.351, suggesting differences in the breadth of the neutralizing-antibody response induced by these adjuvants. Furthermore, RBD-NP-AS03 was as immunogenic as a prefusion-stabilized spike immunogen (HexaPro) with AS03 adjuvant. These data highlight the efficacy of the adjuvanted RBD-NP vaccine in promoting protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and have led to phase I/II clinical trials of this vaccine (NCT04742738 and NCT04750343).

Image-guided percutaneous thoracolumbar spine biopsy is frequently performed in the setting of suspected septic facet arthritis or discitis osteomyelitis (DOM). There are limited data regarding factors associated with a positive biopsy result among these patients. Patients with suspected DOM who underwent spine biopsy were identified. Samples yielding a positive culture and/or histopathology suggestive of acute osteomyelitis were considered positive. The associations between selected medical comorbidities, laboratory values, pre-biopsy antibiotic administration, imaging findings and biopsy results were investigated. 121 patients underwent percutaneous biopsy with 35.5% yielding positive results. Biopsy results showed no correlation with comorbidities. The only laboratory value that correlated with a positive biopsy yield was blood culture positivity (p = 0.03). The imaging findings that correlated with a positive biopsy yield were the presence of a paraspinal fluid collection or epidural abscess (p = 0.003 and 0.018, respectively). Sampling paraspinal fluid collections, when present, resulted in a higher rate of a positive biopsy yield compared to sampling of bone or disc (p = 0.006). Patients who received antibiotics had a higher rate of a positive biopsy yield (p = 0.014). In those with positive blood cultures, biopsy yielded the same antimicrobial susceptibility profile in 13/14 cases. The presence of a paraspinal fluid collection or epidural abscess is correlated with positive biopsy yield, and paraspinal fluid collections should be targeted for biopsy. Other imaging findings did not correlate with biopsy yield. Biopsy may not offer additional information for patients with positive blood cultures.

Multiple bariatric databases have been formed, but there have been no comprehensive assessments of military treatment facilities (MTFs). MTFs have unique patients and coverage policies by Tricare insurance. MHS Mart (M2) was used to review the outpatient medical record, AHLTA, from October 2013 to December 2018 for type of bariatric procedure, demographics, military-specific data, comorbidities, and complications, which were identified by ICD code and CPT code, including a robotic modifier. MTFs were classified by volume as high (HV) with > 50 cases annually, moderate (MV) with 25 to 50 cases, and low (LV) with < 25 cases, as well as by the presence of surgical residencies. Patients at MTFs were slightly younger and more female than by other database studies. The Army was the most common branch of service, and dependents of retirees were the most common beneficiary population. MTFs with residencies had slightly older patients and fewer Army patients. HV, MV, and LV MTFs had similar patients except for branch of service. Over time, the proportion of open gastric bypasses increased, biliopancreatic diversions with duodenal switches decreased, and robotic assistance increased 744%. MTFs with residencies performed more procedures than those without residencies, and with the exception of procedures utilizing robotic assistance, procedures were overall similar to those without residencies. HV MTFs performed most of the procedures annually, and their procedures were proportionately similar to MV and LV MTFs, with the exception of HV MTFs having a higher proportion of laparoscopic bypasses and robotic assistance. MTFs largely perform similar procedures on similar patients relative to MBSAQIP and NSQIP studies. Robotic assistance increased significantly over time. Except for laparoscopic bypasses and procedures with robotic assistance, HV MTFs performed similar proportions of procedures to MV and LV MTFs. MTFs with residencies performed similar procedures to those without residencies.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Survivin is an oncogene associated with a decrease in apoptosis, an increase in tumor growth, and poor clinical outcome of diverse malignancies. A correlation between obesity, cancer, and survivin is reported in the literature. To date, the impact of weight loss on change in survivin levels is understudied. This study was aimed at: (1) comparing survivin levels in adipose tissue (AT) from lean and obese animal models and evaluating changes after weight loss induced by energy restriction and/or exercise; (2) comparing survivin levels in normal weighted and obese humans and evaluating changes in survivin levels after weight loss induced by a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) or bariatric surgery in AT and/or blood leukocytes (PBL/PBMCs). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Survivin expression was evaluated in subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) AT derived from animal models of monogenic (Zucker rats) and diet-induced obesity (Sprague Dawley rats and C57BL/6J mice) and after a 4-week weight-loss protocol of energy restriction and/or exercise. Plasma was used to measure the inflammatory status. Survivin expression was also evaluated in PBMCs from patients with obesity and compared with normal weight, in PBLs after VLCKD, and in SAT and/or PBLs after bariatric surgery. RESULTS: Survivin expression was specifically higher in VAT from obese that lean animals, without differences in SAT. It decreased after weight loss induced by energy restriction and correlated with adiposity and inflammatory markers. In humans, the correlation between being obese and higher levels of survivin was confirmed. In obese subjects, survivin levels were reduced following weight loss after either VLCKD or bariatric surgery. Particularly, a decrease in PBMCs expression (not in SAT one) was found after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss is effective in decreasing survivin levels. Also, PBL/PBMC should be regarded as appropriate mirror of survivin levels in VAT for the identification of an obesity-related protumoral microenvironment.

We derive the strong subadditivity of the von Neumann entropy with a strict lower bound dependent on the distribution of quantum correlation in the system. We investigate the structure of states saturating the bounded subadditivity and explore its consequences for the quantum data processing inequality. The quantum data processing achieves a lower bound associated with the locally inaccessible information., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been suggested to be an endocrine signal of nutritional status and an active regulator of metabolism. However, there is no agreement on the effect of weight-loss therapies on circulating levels of FGF21 in humans.To assess FGF21 circulating levels in adiposity excess and after different weight-loss strategies prescribed in five different groups from four independent centers.Body composition, ketosis, insulin sensitivity and FGF21 were evaluated in 181 excess body weight and 14 normal-weight subjects. From the excess body weight patients, two independent groups (discovery cohort; n=20 and validation cohort; n=28) undertook a very low-calorie ketogenic (VLCK) diet, a third group followed a low-calorie (LC) diet (n=84) and other two groups underwent bariatric surgery (discovery cohort; n=24 and validation cohort; n=25). The follow-up was 4 to 6 or 12 months, respectively.FGF21 levels were higher in excess body weight patients than in normal-weight subjects. The energy-restriction therapy to lose weight induced a significant decrease, with respect to baseline, in circulating levels of FGF21 (VLCK: -62.5 pg mlFGF21 levels were reduced after energy-restricted treatments and severely increased after bariatric surgery, independently of the weight reduction magnitude, insulin sensitivity or ketosis. Therefore, FGF21 appears to be a marker of severe nutritional stress.

Differential monocyte subsets are increased in obesity and heart failure (HF). We studied their role as predictors of rehospitalization for HF and their regulation by adipose tissue. Monocyte subsets and body fat composition were determined from 136 patients at the discharge after HF admission. Regulation of monocytes by SAT secretomes from obese/non-obese patients with HF was studied in a cell culture method. Proteomic analysis of secretome SAT was performed by LC-MALDI TOF/TOF. High CD14−CD16+ monocyte levels indicated less rehospitalization for HF (p = 0.018). SAT secretomes from obese patients increased the CD14−CD16+monocytes (11.8 ± 5.3 vs 3.9 ± 2.6%; p

The Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) score is a widely used and validated predictor of long-term survival in cirrhosis. However, the cutpoints for stratifying laboratory variables in CTP have never been validated. The objective of this study was to identify evidence-based cutpoints for the CTP laboratory subscores to improve its predictive capacity for transplant-free survival. Retrospective observational study. Using a cohort of 30,897 cirrhotic US Veteran patients with at least 5 years of follow-up, we performed Cox proportional hazard survival model iterations varying the upper and lower cutpoints for INR, total bilirubin and albumin CTP subscores. Cutpoints yielding the highest Harrell’s C-statistics for concordance with transplant-free survival were incorporated into a modified CTP (mCTP) score. Validation of the mCTP was performed at multiple time frames within the follow-up period of the cohort and within subsets defined by disease etiology. Modification of CTP cutpoints increased the Harrell’s C-statistic for age- and gender-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models from 0.701 ± 0.002 to 0.709 ± 0.002 and the risk ratio per unit change from 1.49 (1.48–1.50) to 1.53 (1.52–1.54). The modified cutpoints showed superiority in predicting 5-year transplant-free survival in various disease etiology subgroups. A mCTP substituting serum creatinine for INR performed superiorly for predicting 5-year transplant-free survival. We propose an evidence-based recalibration of CTP score cutpoints that optimizes this model’s capacity to predict transplant-free survival in patients with cirrhosis. The CTP score remains the best predictor of 5-year overall and transplant-free survival in patients with cirrhosis.

The understanding of the potential role of betatrophin in human metabolic disorders is a current challenge.The present research evaluated circulating betatrophin levels in obese patients with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) features under energy-restricted weight-loss programs and in normal weight in order to establish the putative interplay between the levels of this hormone, diet and metabolic risk factors linked to obesity and associated comorbidities.One hundred forty-three participants were enrolled in the study (95 obese-MetSyn; age 49.5±9.4 years; body mass index (BMI) 35.7±4.5 kg m(-2) and 48 normal weight; age 35.71±8.8 years; BMI 22.9±2.2 kg m(-2)). A nutritional therapy consisting in two hypocaloric strategies (control diet based on the AHA recommendations and the RESMENA (MEtabolic Syndrome REduction in Navarra) diet, a novel dietary program with changes in the macronutrient distribution) was only prescribed to obese-MetSyn participants who were randomly allocated to the dietary strategies. Dietary records, anthropometrical and biochemical variables as well as betatrophin levels were analyzed before (pre-intervention, week 0), at 8 weeks (post-intervention, week 8) and after 4 additional months of self-control period (follow-up, week 24).Betatrophin levels were higher in obese-MetSyn patients than normal-weight subjects (1.24±0.43 vs 0.97±0.69 ng ml(-1), respectively, P=0.012), and levels were positively associated with body composition, metabolic parameters, leptin and irisin in all participants at baseline. Notably, low pre-intervention (week 0) betatrophin levels in obese patients were significantly associated with higher dietary-induced changes in atherogenic risk factors after 8 weeks. Moreover, protein intake, especially proteins from animal sources, was an independent determinant of betatrophin levels after dietary treatment (B=-0.27; P=0.012).Betatrophin is elevated in obese patients with MetSyn features and is associated with poorer nutritional outcomes of adiposity and dyslipidemia traits after a weight-loss program. Dietary protein intake could be a relevant modulator of betatrophin secretion and activity.