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The classification of brain tumors is significantly important for diagnosing and treating brain tumors in IoT healthcare systems. In this work, we have proposed a robust classification model for brain tumors employing deep learning techniques. In the design of the proposed method, an improved Convolutional neural network is used to classify Meningioma, Glioma, and Pituitary types of brain tumors. To test the multi-level convolutional neural network model, brain magnetic resonance image data is utilized. The MCNN model classification results were improved using data augmentation and transfer learning methods. In addition, hold-out and performance evaluation metrics have been employed in the proposed MCNN model. The experimental results show that the proposed model obtained higher outcomes than the state-of-the-art techniques and achieved 99.89% classification accuracy. Due to the higher results of the proposed approach, we recommend it for the identification of brain cancer in IoT-healthcare systems.

In the present research work, iodine-doped iron tungstate has been reported for first time as an active photo-Fenton heterogeneous catalyst for wastewater treatment. In Fenton-like process, the catalytic efficiency of FeWO4 was enhanced greatly by introducing reductive non-metal species (I−) into the crystal lattice. This introduction activated the H2O2 for the generation of hydroxyl radicals which were the most reactive species for the degradation of RhB. The non-metal doping has enhanced the visible light response of transition metal oxide. A hydrothermal method was used for synthesizing novel iodine-doped FeWO4. The prepared sample was characterized through scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV–Visible spectroscopy. The photoactivity of I-FeWO4 was evaluated through the degradation of RhB under sunlight. I-FeWO4 showed 93.8% degradation of RhB after 80 min.

The aim of this study is to evaluate sonographic testicular volume of patients who underwent surgical detorsion due to testicular torsion and to reveal the frequency of long-term testicular volume loss and the factors affecting it.The files of patients who underwent surgical detorsion due to unilateral testicular torsion in our hospital between 2011 and 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Age at the time of detorsion surgery, time from the onset of pain to surgery, degree of torsion, and ultrasonographic testicular volumes before detorsion were noted. Afterward, patients with at least 6 months of follow-up were contacted by phone and testicular volumes were measured by scrotal ultrasonography (US). The sonographic formula Length × Width × Height × 0.72 was used to determine testicular volumes.There were 97 patients who underwent surgical detorsion within the given time frame. However, 43 of these patients accepted to be involved in the study and a follow-up scrotal US was performed. The mean age at the time of detorsion was 13.6 ± 5.6 years, whereas it was 16.7 ± 6.2 years at the time of the follow-up visit. The median time from the onset of pain to surgery was 4 h (range 1-36 h). In the preoperative US, the mean volume of the affected testis was 10.8 ± 5.6 mmOur results indicated that if the time from the onset of pain to surgery exceeds 5.5 h, the testicular volume loss may be expected in the long term. Thus, patients and parents should be informed accordingly.

Distinguishing hydronephrosis that requires surgical intervention is a clinical challenge. The aim of this study is to determine the level of urinary heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in children who required surgery for ureteropelvic junction obstruction and its potential use as a biomarker for prediction of surgery in children with isolated unilateral hydronephrosis.The data of 43 children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction who underwent pyeloplasty, 25 patients with non-obstructive dilation (NOD) and 30 healthy children (control group) were collected prospectively for this study. Preoperative and postoperative urinary HSP70/Cr levels were also analyzed in 30 children in the pyeloplasty group who had available follow-up information. HSP70 levels were assessed using ELISA.The median age of the pyeloplasty group was 13 months (IQR 7-36 months), NOD group was 42.5 months (IQR 16-73) and it was 36 months (IQR 24-47.5) in the control group. The mean preoperative urinary HSP70/Cr was significantly higher in the pyeloplasty group when compared to controls as well as the NOD group (150.6 pg/mgCr vs. 65.0 pg/mgCr and vs. 64.7 pg/mgCr, p 0.001 and p 0.001, respectively). The urinary HSP70 levels significantly decreased in the postoperative period (151.5 vs 79.5, p 0.001). Using the cutoff value of 94.7 pg/mgCr, the sensitivity and specificity of urinary HSP70 for predicting the risk of surgical intervention were 69.7% and 68%, respectively (AUC = 0.689).Urinary HSP70 may be used as an adjunct tool to clinical parameters to identify patients that would require surgery due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

A printed and compact size antenna having functionality of frequency and pattern reconfigurability is presented in this work to be operated at 28 GHz for 5G communications. For the desired goal, antenna is incorporated with three PIN Diodes as a switch. The beam swapping of the antenna is guided by Switch 1 and Switch 2 and the frequency is controlled by Switch 3. Proposed work is validated for 28 GHz reconfiguration. When Switch 3 is on, the designed antenna operates at 26.8 GHz covering the 25.22–27.45 GHz band. When Switch 3 is off, it operates at 28.01 GHz, covering the 26.41–28.89 GHz band. The antenna is proposed to operate at the 5G mobile communication band having a center frequency at 28 GHz with a reflection coefficient of − 23.5 dB. RT Duroid 5880 with er of 2.33, tan δ of 0.0009 and thickness (h) of 0.509 mm with inset feeding to excite the antenna. With the deployment of Bended H-shaped stubs, a high gain was achieved. RLC circuit is used as PIN diode in the simulations in HFSS. Lastly the simulated and measured results have been compared for the authentication purposes.

The main goals of this work were to manufacture novel Al–Zn extruded alloys by varying the Zn content (0, 10, 20, 30 wt%), investigate the microstructural evolutions, hot deformation, and work hardening behaviour by hot compression test at different temperatures (25 °C, 75 °C, 150 °C, 225 °C, 300 °C). Al–20Zn alloy microstructure revealed α-Al and uniform distribution of (α + η) phases, coherent (α + η) crystals in GBs with casting defect-free surfaces, and effective interactions of pinning dislocations which led to improve mechanical performance of Al–20Zn alloy, as compared to the other alloys. The observed engineering stress–strain curve results revealed the decrease of stress with increasing of temperature due to flow softening, dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization. These results displayed also an increase of stress value with increasing of Zn content due to the precipitation of high density (α + η) phase in the matrix and GBs, increasing of forest and mobile dislocations density with strain fields, and the formation of fine dendrites. Work hardening rate (WHR) of extruded samples displayed three stages: stage I, WHR decreased slightly with increasing of temperature up to 75 °C and decreased drastically from 75 °C to 300 °C due to softening; stage II, WHR maintained constant due to balance between dislocation generations and dislocation annihilation; stage III, WHR slightly increased due to strain hardening of (α + η) phase. WHR was observed to increase considerably with increasing of Zn content due to the formation and dispersion of high density of (α + η) phase in the Al matrix and GBs. Deformation micro-localization in terms of different characteristics was examined and reported on the deformed samples after hot-compression test through SEM micrographs.

The unavailability of wasted energy due to the irreversibility in the process is called the entropy generation. An irreversible process is a process in which the entropy of the system is increased. The second law of thermodynamics is used to define whether the given system is reversible or irreversible. Here, our focus is how to reduce the entropy of the system and maximize the capability of the system. There are many methods for maximizing the capacity of heat transport. The constant pressure gradient or motion of the wall can be used to increase the heat transfer rate and minimize the entropy. The objective of this study is to analyze the heat and mass transfer of an Eyring-Powell fluid in a porous channel. For this, we choose two different fluid models, namely, the plane and generalized Couette flows. The flow is generated in the channel due to a pressure gradient or with the moving of the upper lid. The present analysis shows the effects of the fluid parameters on the velocity, the temperature, the entropy generation, and the Bejan number. The nonlinear boundary value problem of the flow problem is solved with the help of the regular perturbation method. To validate the perturbation solution, a numerical solution is also obtained with the help of the built-in command NDSolve of MATHEMATICA 11.0. The velocity profile shows the shear thickening behavior via first-order Eyring-Powell parameters. It is also observed that the profile of the Bejan number has a decreasing trend against the Brinkman number. When ηi → 0 (i = 1, 2, 3), the Eyring-Powell fluid is transformed into a Newtonian fluid.

We addressed mixed convected stretching flow considering Williamson liquid subjected to variable conductivity. Transportation of heat is investigated employing generalized Fourier law and heat generation. Governing non-linear expressions are achieved through well-known boundary-layer concept. Transformation procedure converts PDEs into ODEs. Homotopy concept is used for non-linear analysis. Novel attributes of non-dimensional variables are scrutinized via graphical outcomes. We found higher temperature subjected to generalized Fourier law in comparison to well-known Fourier law.

This exertion is part of a liable approach for the advancement of nanotechnology and nanoscience to scrutinize the thermal and rheological aspects of the nanofluids. The conformist heat transport fluids are broadly reported to be one of the notable reasons of the reduced enactment of heat transport tools, boosting the energy charges. For this concern to be stable, nanofluids have been familiarized as probable proxies to the conformist fluids because of their intensify aptitude of heat transport coefficient. Here, the up-front goal is to investigate the aspect of nonlinear radiated and chemical reaction with aspects of Arrhenius activation energy in Carreau nanofluid. Additionally, mixed convection, MHD, and new mass flux theory is explored. The framed system is envisioned numerically via bvp4c. Temperature field intensifies against enhanced values of radiation and thermophoresis parameters, respectively. Concentration has conflicted performance for escalating activation energy and Brownian motion parameters, respectively.

The thermal features of nanoparticles have a dynamic role in medical, electrical, optical, built-up, and energy area, and compromise the potential to report the lower thermal conductivities established in conventional heat transport fluids. These specimens of nanofluids emphasize the engineers and investigators to progress newfangled approaches and methodologies in the heat transport field. Here, this notion elaborates the concept of nanoparticles for dual solutions by considering the influence of nanoparticles mass flux theory with an activation energy in Carreau fluid flow. The magnetite nanoparticles are reported subject to mixed convection in stagnation region. The heat transport aspects are conferred via thermal radiation, non-uniform heat sink-source, convective phenomenon, and Joule heating. Additionally, the chemical reaction is discussed. The apposite alterations altered the non-linear system of partial differential equations into non-linear ODEs. The achieved system of non-linear ODEs is elucidated numerically exploiting bvp4c methodology. Furthermore, for the confirmation of bvp4c technique, comparison tables are organized in this work which ensure the correctness of our numerical approach. The graphs of temperature, concentration, and velocity fields are formed to scrutinize the influence of diverse influential parameters and conferred. Enhancing behavior of the velocity field is reported for increasing estimations of the local Wessinberg number for both solutions. Additionally, the temperature field has conflicting influence for magnetic parameter and Biot number on both solutions. The skin friction coefficient is an increasing function of the local Wessinberg number.

Polymer-based nanocomposites are considered promising candidates for flexible modern electronic devices. ZnO–PVA polymer nanocomposites have gained recent research interest due to excellent optical and dielectric properties. Transition metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu) oxide nanoparticles incorporated ZnO–PVA composite matrix are investigated in this work for a comprehensive study of its structure, morphology, optical and dielectric parameters. Crystallographic information revealed the presence of crystalline zinc oxide and transition metals oxides reflections in specific orientations in the PVA matrix. The inter-particle distance and interfacial interaction of transition metal oxide nanoparticles in host polymer are observed as important factors for improved dipole polarization. The nanoparticles of metal oxides in matrix induce the enhanced negative charge carriers and exhibit robust interactions with positive carriers of the polymer surface. A sharp and substantial increment in real dielectric permittivity from 74 for ZnO–PVA to maximum 350 for ZnO–PVA–Fe2O3 composition was observed by the addition of transition metal oxides in the PVA matrix with same loss factor value of 0.1.

Current determination is committed to characterize the features of curved surface for Sisko fluid in the presence of Lorentz’s forces. Heat–mass relocation exploration is conducted in the presence of homogeneous–heterogeneous processes and non-uniform heat sink/source. Similarity variables are designated to transmute nonlinear PDEs into ODEs. These intricate ordinary differential expressions assessing the flow situation are handled efficaciously by manipulating bvp4c scheme. Graphical demonstration is deliberated to scrutinize the variation in pressure, velocity, temperature and concentration profiles with respect to flow regulating parameters. Numerical data are displayed through tables in order to surmise variation in surface drag force and heat transport rate. It is noted that radius of curvature and temperature-dependent heat sink/source significantly affect heat–mass transport mechanisms for curved surface. Furthermore, graphical analysis reveals that velocity profile of Sisko magneto-fluid enhances for augmented values of curvature parameter. Additionally, it is evaluated that increasing values of heat source parameter and Lorentz’s forces, pressure profile exhibited the diminishing behavior.

In thoughtfulness of researchers and technologists in the arena of nanoscience and nanotechnology owing to reduced thermal properties of the usual base fluids, a new-fangled sort of fluids acknowledged as nanofluids have been established, which contains nanoparticles deferred in a hostfluid. For instance, nanofluids have superior heat transport enactment, because deferred nanoparticles have better thermal conductivity allied with base liquid. Here elaborated 3D flow of a Carreau nanoliquid is influenced by a bidirectional stretched surface. To visualize the properties of Brownian motion and thermophoresis on the Carreau nanoliquid, the Buongiorno's relation is exploited in a more proficient tactic. Variable thermal conductivity with the possessions of heat source/sink is pondered for heat transfer mechanisms. Suitable conversion is used to change the PDEs into non-linear ODEs. Numerically, bvp4c scheme is prompted to crack the resulting ODEs. The discrete behaviors for shear thinning/thickening of nanoliquid temperature and concentration field are described and deliberated in aspect for somatic parameters. It is exposed that the Carreau liquid temperature declines for Prandtl number and conflicting trends are being noted for Brownian and thermophoresis parameters. Moreover, heat transfer amount diminishes for higher Brownian and thermophoresis parameters. An assessment between two different approaches namely, bvp4c and homotopy analysis method, is also presented in tabular form which ensure that our outcomes are more precise.

This article reports a revised relation of nanofluid considering the properties of activation energy in mixed convection Carreau nanofluid, The Brownian and thermophrotic diffusions are incorporated. The aspects of convective heat transport, viscous dissipation, Joule heating and chemical reaction are also reported. The numerically bvp4c scheme has been established for the solutions of nonlinear ODEs. The local Weissenberg number and magnetic parameter decline the velocity field. The radiation and thermophoretic parameters enhance the temperature of Carreau fluid. Furthermore, on both Bejan number and entropy generation, the impact of radiation and magnetic parameter have been studied.

Our main emphasis here is to scrutinize the Lorentz’s force aspects on the flow of cross-fluid in cylindrical surface. More specifically, heat transfer features are examined subject to heat sink–source and radiative flux. Furthermore, aspects of quartic autocatalysis analysis are considered. Non-dimensional variables are introducing to develop the physical model. The physical problem by employing Bvp4c scheme. Influences of rheological parameters for concentration, temperature and velocity are discussed. Additionally, computational analysis for Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient is presented through tables.

Background The enrollment of international periodontal students in U.S. dental schools has been increasing in recent years. Interest in applying to a periodontics specialty program may differ between U.S and international dental school graduates. The purpose of this study is to assess, from the perspective of periodontal residents, (1) factors that interest dental students to apply to periodontics programs and (2) differences in background and interest between U.S and international graduates. Methods A 20-question survey was sent out electronically to periodontics residents. The survey questions were designed to obtain information on the participants’ backgrounds, factors that influenced them to specialize in periodontics, and their preferred features of graduate periodontics programs. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for socio-demographic variables, a Wilcoxon two sample test to compare mean Likert scale scores, and Fisher’s exact test for associations between comparison groups. Results Of the two hundred residents invited to participate, 28% responded. The majority of the respondents stated that interest in implantology, previous exposure to periodontal procedures, interest in improving periodontal surgery skills, a good relationship with periodontics faculty, the residency curriculum, advanced program and faculty reputation as influencing factors in selecting periodontics as specialization. The majority of international graduates have up to $50,000 dollars in student debt; by comparison, half of the domestic graduates have a debt of over $250,000 dollars (p ≤ 0.05). Working experience as a dentist was significantly greater among international residents (73%) in comparison to U.S graduates (32%). In contrast with international graduates, U.S graduates more frequent reported that good relationships with the periodontics predoctoral faculty contributed to their interest in periodontics (p ≤ 0.05). Program cost and location had a greater impact on the decision of U.S. graduates than international graduates (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions Overall, factors associated with personal finance and predoctoral education have a greater impact on the decision of American graduates than international graduates to pursue an advanced education in periodontics, which may influence the increased enrollment of international students.

Al 7075 alloy matrix reinforced with different weight percentage of titanium borides (TiB2, 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 wt%) and 1 wt% graphite (Gr) hybrid composites were synthesized by in-situ liquid metallurgy route, then the sliding wear characteristics were performed and investigated in this research work. TiB2 reinforced as 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 wt% by the in situ chemical reaction of KBF4 and K2TiF6 salts and 1 wt% Gr with the Al 7075 matrix were added constantly in the melt. Several experiments were carried out to examine the wear behavior of the fabricated composite specimens through a tribometer at ambient temperature. The weight percentage of reinforcement (TiB2 particles), the applied load, the sliding velocity (SV), and the sliding distance (SD) were selected as process parameters at five different levels. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to conduct the experiments as RSM is the feasible and accurate method employed for optimizing to set the parameters. To check the significance of the developed model by RSM, ANOVA and confirmatory tests were also accomplished. FESEM surface morphology was also carried out to illustrate the uniform dispersion of the TiB2–Gr particulates in Al 7075 matrix. The predicted wear characteristics from the developed model were well agreed with the experimental results. The obtained results were explained that both the increase in the percentage of RF and SV have dropped the wear loss (WL) curve whereas the load at all SVs and the SDs were uplifted the WL. The worn surface morphology explained that the adhesive mechanisms were dominated during the sliding wear test. Further, severe and mild wear occurred during higher load and lower load respectively.

Our main emphasis in this manuscript was to scrutinize the aspects of activation energy for magnetized Cross nanofluid subjected to cylindrical surface. Formulation for energy expression is developed through heat sink-source phenomenon. More specifically, Velocity of Cross liquid is deliberated by considering infinite shear rate viscosity and Lorentz’s force. The considered Cross nanoliquid expression (Buongiorno relation) comprises thermophoretic and Brownian movement mechanisms. Moreover, Chemical processes are deliberated subjected to appliance of activation energy. Bvp4c algorithm is implemented to tackle the nonlinear structure. Outcomes for Sherwood number, Nusselt number, skin fraction, temperature, concentration and velocity are presented in this manuscript. Our results revealed that temperature of Cross nanoliquid intensifies for larger thermophoretic parameter. Moreover, nanoliquid concentration dwindles for greater estimation of activation energy parameter.

Sever plastic deformation (SPD) is widely employed to make ultrafine-grained structure (UFGS) materials that satisfy desired properties such as high strength, good tribological properties, and lightweight. Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is one of the most important SPD techniques. The current work studies the effect of ECAP passes on mechanical properties, microstructure, and the erosion–corrosion (E–C) resistance of AISI 4130 steel. ECAP at high temperature according to Bc route (billet rotation 90 deg counterclockwise after every pass) was applied and UFGS AISI 4130 specimens with an average grain size of 500 nm were obtained after four ECAP passes. Consequently, the effects of ECAP on the tensile, hardness, and impact properties were investigated. The E–C resistance of unECAPed and ECAPed specimens was evaluated by using seawater slurry with specified sand concentrations. Various microscopes were employed to investigate the microstructure and surface changes due to ECAP and E–C. The results showed that the AISI 4130 steel processed by ECAP has enhanced mechanical and E–C properties. The main mechanisms of E–C are plastic deformation, craters, and small pits. A predication model based on an artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to predict the E–C behavior of both unECAPed and ECAPed materials. The model is able to estimate the weight loss without the need to perform extra experiments. A good agreement between the predicted values and the experimental results was achieved.

This work focuses on the characteristics of heat sink–source and melting phenomena for time-dependent Falkner–Skan flow of Cross nanofluid. Additionally, stagnation point flow features are accounted. Modeling is based on thermophoresis diffusion and Brownian moment slip mechanisms. Zero mass flux condition is used at stretchable surface. Compact form of cross fluid equations are converted to component form by employing boundary layer concept. Appropriate transformations are engaged to give rise ODEs. Moreover, system of ODEs is tackled numerically. Detailed discussion for velocity, temperature, concentration, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers is presented through graphs. Obtained statistical data reveals that velocity of cross nanoliquid boosts for larger melting and velocity ratio parameters. Intensification in Schmidt number corresponds to rise in concentration distribution.

This paper investigates the aspects of magnetic field and chemical reaction in Oldroyd-B nanofluid influenced by a stretching cylinder. The properties of mixed convection, nonlinear radiation and heat sink/source are incorporated. By means of noteworthy conversions, the nonlinear PDEs are altered into nonlinear ODEs and elucidated via homotopic approach. The influence of countless variables for velocity, temperature and concentration fields in addition to local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are portrayed and conferred. These upshots portray that the liquid velocity enhances for intensifying value of mixed convection parameter whereas, it diminish for magnetic parameter. Moreover, the Brownian motion parameter and radiation parameter enhances the liquid temperature of Oldroyd-B nanofluid. For the endorsement of current upshots an assessment values in restrictive circumstances is also presented.

This research work is made to demonstrate diverse characteristics of entropy generation minimization for cross nanomaterial towards a stretched surface in the presence of Lorentz’s forces. Transportation of heat is analyzed through Joule heating and radiation. Nanoliquid model consists of activation energy and Brownian movement aspects. Concentration of cross material is scrutinized by implementing zero mass flux condition. Bejan number and entropy generation (EG) rate are formulated. The employment of transformation variables reduces the PDEs into nonlinear ODEs. Bvp4c scheme is implemented to compute the computational results of nonlinear system. Velocity, temperature, and concentration are conducted for cross nanomaterial. Consequences of current physical model are presented through graphical data and in tabular form. The outcomes for Bejan number and EG rates are presented through graphical data. It is noted that EG rates and Bejan number significantly affect rate of heat-mass transport mechanisms. In addition, graphical analysis reveals that E.G. rate has diminishing trend for diffusive variable. Moreover, achieved data reveal that profiles of Bejan number boost for augmented values of radiation parameter.

Here modeling and computations are performed to explore the aspects of entropy generation for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convective flow of Cross nanoliquid. Heat transfer process comprises thermal radiation and Joule heating. Moreover, phenomenal aspect of current review is to consider the characteristics of activation energy. The idea of combined convective conditions and zero mass flux relation is introduced first time. The similarity transformation helps to simplify the complex model in the form of nonlinear PDEs into nonlinear ODEs. Numerical algorithm leads to solution computations. The numerical solutions of temperature, nanoparticle concentration fields, Nusselt number and coefficient of skin friction are exhibited via plots. It is noticed that radiation factor increases the thermal field and related layer thickness. Moreover, the obtained data reveal that profiles of Bejan number intensify for augmented values of radiation parameter. Intensifies

This notion reports the properties of nanofluid on Carreau fluid for dual nature study. Nanofluids are stable colloidal suspensions of metals or non-metals element in a disreputable liquid, which intensify the heat transfer of the solution and exaggerate the storage aptitude. The forthright intention of this communication is to scrutinize the impact of binary chemical reaction and activation energy on dual nature study for unsteady flow of Carreau magnetite nanofluid owing to porous shrinking/stretching sheet. Additionally, the aspects of convective heat transport with nonlinear thermal radiation and heat sink/source have been established for heat transport phenomenon. With the assistance of compatible conversions the partial differential equations (PDEs) are condensed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) which are then elucidated numerically via bvp4c scheme and the impacts of intricate parameters are exposed explicitly. It is noted that the intensifying values of activation energy parameter and fitted rate constant causes to an enhancement in the nanofluid concentration.

A modern progress in fluid dynamics has been emphasizes on nanofluids which maintain remarkable thermal conductivity properties and intensify the transport of heat in fluids. Here, the present-day endeavor progresses a Maxwell nanofluid towards stretched cylinder heated convectively. The addition properties, i.e., MHD, stagnation point, thermal radiation, heat sink/source and chemical reactions are elaborated. The homotopic algorithm has been exploited for solutions of ODEs. Here, it is noted that the temperature field enhances for Biot number and radiation parameter. Additionally, Brownian movement and thermophoretic influences have conflicting performance for nanomaterial concentration. The mass transport rate for constructive–destructive chemical reaction is opposite in nature in response to the thermal Biot number. The ratification of our findings is also addressed via tables and attained noteworthy results.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) has surfaced as a global pandemic and has created an unprecedented global demand for medical equipment. The shortage of onsite workforce, need for social distancing and less time available for sourcing have further made it difficult for the governments and the medical professionals to combat the pandemic. This study’s prime objective is to review the advancements in the area of 3D printing to develop medical equipment and explore the potential of 3D printing in addressing the shortage of medical equipment mainly the personal protective equipment (PPE) amidst COVID-19 pandemic. 3D printing or additive manufacturing has emerged as a new manufacturing process with tremendous potential to develop complex products in short time with minimal human interventions. The paper summarises 3D printing’s potential to serve the increasing need for medical equipment, mainly personal protective equipment (PPE) and ventilator equipment in the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic. The minimum human interventions required to carry out production using 3D printing also make the technology an excellent option to deal with the current situation. The recommendations and opinions presented in the paper shall act as a stimulant to develop components very critical for the pandemic and help save precious lives globally.

As an emerging technology owing to countless worthy properties, nanofluids have been concerned by numerous scientists and developed a very energetic arena. Nanofluids, a colloidal assortment of nanoparticles and widespread analysis have disclosed applications of heat transfer because of their intensified aspects of thermal conductivity. The present article explores the nanofluid characteristics on MHD flow of an Oldroyd-B liquid. The convective and stratification mechanisms in the manifestation of thermal radiation and chemical reaction have been utilized for heat and mass transfer features. Additionally, the phenomenon of heat sink/source is accounted. The mathematical relation is established by means of usual boundary layer estimates. Homotopic approach has been utilized for the computation of resultant non-linear ODEs. Thermophysical properties of numerous somatic parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration are scheduled in plots as well as in tabular form. The present interruption reports that the liquid temperature declines for thermal stratification parameter, although conflicting trend is being noted for radiation parameter and thermal Biot number on temperature of Oldroyd-B fluid. The mass Biot number and chemical reaction parameter displays diminishing tendency on concentration field. Additionally, for authentication of current derived elucidations an assessment table of skin friction coefficient is prepared in restrictive cases.

Titanium and its alloys are used in several industries, especially in medical and dental applications. In the present study, the surface properties of nanostructured commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) and its erosion–corrosion (E–C) behavior in simulated body fluid were studied. Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) was performed at a high temperature (400 °C) to produce nanostructured grain samples of CP-Ti. Then, the effects of ECAP passes on the E–C resistance under various conditions were investigated via weight loss measurements. Optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations were performed to investigate the microstructural changes of the material. The surface roughness of the CP-Ti samples was evaluated using an optical profiling system. Mathematical equations of the modified Finnie model were employed for the analytical analysis of the E–C behavior. Additionally, computational fluid dynamics was utilized to model the E–C behavior of CP-Ti. Overall, the results showed that the ECAP process improved the E–C resistance of CP-Ti. A difference of 12 pct was observed between the experimental and numerical results of E–C resistance, which is acceptable for practical applications

In this study, we describe an improvement of room temperature ferromagnetism achieved in a PbTi1−xFe x O3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.60) system and discuss a correlation between structural, magnetic, dielectric and optical properties. Pure PbTiO3 , which crystallizes in a tetragonal structure, evolved towards a cubic structure with increases in Fe content. Magnetic measurements showed that all Fe substituted samples are ferromagnetic at room temperature and maximum magnetization at 7 kOe increases with increases in Fe content. The origin and improvement of ferromagnetism is ascribed to the F-center exchange mechanism. The temperature dependence of dielectric behavior showed typical ferroelectric behavior, but ferroelectric transition temperature remained above our maximum measuring temperature. The improvement in dielectric properties of the PbFe x Ti1−xO3 system may be attributed to increases of resistivity and activation energy. The decrease in band gap with increase in Fe substitution is ascribed to the decrease in c/a ratio, indicating that the optical band gap is affected by the degree of structural disorder in the PbFe x Ti1−xO3 system.

Ni nanoparticle-added Ni x /(Cu0.5Tl0.5)Ba2Ca2 Cu3 O 10-δ superconductor composites are synthesized at normal pressure by two-step solid-state reaction method. The idea for adding ferromagnetic nanoparticles was to create artificial pinning centers at grain boundaries. The samples have shown orthorhombic crystal structure in which the cell parameters increase with an increase in the added concentration of Ni nanoparticles. This shows that due to the higher reactivity, Ni nanoparticles partially diffuse into the unit cell of (Cu0.5Tl0.5)Ba2Ca2Cu3 O 10-δ superconductors. This also indicates as an evidence of the occupancy of these nanoparticles at grain boundaries. A metallic variation of resistivity from room temperature down to the onset of superconductivity is a typical feature of these samples with T c (R = 0) varying between 92 and 94 K. The magnitude of diamagnetism is significantly enhanced in 7 and 10% nanoparticle-added samples. The enhanced magnetization of ferromagnetic nanoparticles at reduced temperature plays a vital role in reducing the diamagnetism of nanosuperconductor composites. The softening of apical oxygen modes of type Cu(1)–OA–Cu(2) has confirmed the diffusion of Ni nanoparticles into the unit cell of the final compound. The excess conductivity analyses of conductivity data have shown that the values of B c (0), B c1, and J c are enhanced with the addition of Ni nanoparticles in the final compound. Variation of superconducting properties was attributed to pair breaking due to spin scattering across these ferromagnetic Ni nanoparticles. This shows that added Ni nanoparticles act as efficient pinning centers, which is also confirmed by the suppression of the London penetration depth.