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3. Atomic-resolution electron microscopy of nanoscale local structure in lead-based relaxor ferroelectrics

Author

Matthew J. Cabral, Abinash Kumar, Preston C. Bowes, Jonathon N. Baker, James M. LeBeau, Douglas L. Irving, Shujun Zhang, and Elizabeth C. Dickey

Subjects
Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Local structure, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Mechanics of Materials, Chemical physics, law, Atomic resolution, Distortion, Scanning transmission electron microscopy, General Materials Science, Electron microscope, 0210 nano-technology, Polarization (electrochemistry), Nanoscopic scale, Chemical heterogeneity
Abstract

Relaxor ferroelectrics, which can exhibit exceptional electromechanical coupling, are some of the most important functional materials, with applications ranging from ultrasound imaging to actuators. Since their discovery, their complex nanoscale chemical and structural heterogeneity has made the origins of their electromechanical properties extremely difficult to understand. Here, we employ aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy to quantify various types of nanoscale heterogeneities and their connection to local polarization in the prototypical relaxor ferroelectric system Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3. We identify three main contributions that each depend on Ti content: chemical order, oxygen octahedral tilt and oxygen octahedral distortion. These heterogeneities are found to be spatially correlated with low-angle polar domain walls, indicating their role in disrupting long-range polarization and leading to nanoscale domain formation and the relaxor response. We further locate nanoscale regions of monoclinic-like distortion that correlate directly with Ti content and electromechanical performance. Through this approach, the connections between chemical heterogeneity, structural heterogeneity and local polarization are revealed, validating models that are needed to develop the next generation of relaxor ferroelectrics. Relaxor ferroelectric systems exhibit exceptional electromechanical coupling that arises from a variety of nanoscale chemical ordering. Here, scanning transmission electron microscopy is used to quantify this structural complexity directly.

Published
2020

4. Confinement of magnetism in atomically thin La0.7Sr0.3CrO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 heterostructures

Author

Sanaz Koohfar, James M. LeBeau, Aubrey Penn, Divine Kumah, Elke Arenholz, and Alexandru B. Georgescu

Subjects
Materials science, Valence (chemistry), Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Scattering, Magnetism, Oxide, FOS: Physical sciences, Order (ring theory), Heterojunction, lcsh:Atomic physics. Constitution and properties of matter, Condensed Matter Physics, lcsh:QC170-197, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, Ferromagnetism, chemistry, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, lcsh:TA401-492, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, lcsh:Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, Spectroscopy
Abstract

At crystalline interfaces where a valence-mismatch exists, electronic, and structural interactions may occur to relieve the polar mismatch, leading to the stabilization of non-bulk-like phases. We show that spontaneous reconstructions at polar La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 interfaces are correlated with suppressed ferromagnetism for film thicknesses on the order of a unit cell. We investigate the structural and magnetic properties of valence-matched La0.7Sr0.3CrO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 interfaces using a combination of high-resolution electron microscopy, first principles theory, synchrotron X-ray scattering and magnetic spectroscopy and temperature-dependent magnetometry. A combination of an antiferromagnetic coupling between the La0.7Sr0.3CrO3 and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 layers and a suppression of interfacial polar distortions are found to result in robust long-range ferromagnetic ordering for ultrathin La0.7Sr0.3MnO3. These results underscore the critical importance of interfacial structural and magnetic interactions in the design of devices based on two-dimensional oxide magnetic systems.

Published
2019

5. Electrostatic potential and valence modulation in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin films

Author

Robbyn Trappen, Guerau Cabrera, Chih Yeh Huang, Ying-Hao Chu, A. C. Garcia-Castro, James Fitch, Alessandra Romero, Jinling Zhou, Mikel B. Holcomb, James M. LeBeau, Vu Thanh Tra, Wilfredo Ibarra-Hernandez, and Sobhit Singh

Subjects
Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, Expected Bulk Value, Science, Oxide, 02 engineering and technology, Expected value, 01 natural sciences, Polar Catastrophe, chemistry.chemical_compound, Surface Valence, LSMO Layers, 0103 physical sciences, Redistribution (chemistry), Thin film, 010306 general physics, Multidisciplinary, Valence (chemistry), Condensed matter physics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemistry, Medicine, Polar, Thin Film LSMO, 0210 nano-technology, Fermi gas
Abstract

The Mn valence in thin film La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 was studied as a function of film thickness in the range of 1–16 unit cells with a combination of non-destructive bulk and surface sensitive X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques. Using a layer-by-layer valence model, it was found that while the bulk averaged valence hovers around its expected value of 3.3, a significant deviation occurs within several unit cells of the surface and interface. These results were supported by first principles calculations. The surface valence increases to up to Mn3.7+, whereas the interface valence reduces down to Mn2.5+. The change in valence from the expected bulk value is consistent with charge redistribution due to the polar discontinuity at the film-substrate interface. The comparison with theory employed here illustrates how this layer-by-layer valence evolves with film thickness and allows for a deeper understanding of the microscopic mechanisms at play in this effect. These results offer insight on how the two-dimensional electron gas is created in thin film oxide alloys and how the magnetic ordering is reduced with dimensionality.

Published
2018

6. Highly tensile-strained Ge/InAlAs nanocomposites

Author

Daniel J. Ironside, Daehwan Jung, Minjoo Larry Lee, James M. LeBeau, Austin Akey, Tonio Buonassisi, Matthew J. Cabral, Joseph Faucher, Xiahan Sang, Oussama Moutanabbir, Seth R. Bank, Samik Mukherjee, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Akey, Austin J

Subjects
Materials science, Photoluminescence, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, Germanium, 02 engineering and technology, Electroluminescence, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, symbols.namesake, Strain engineering, Lattice constant, 0103 physical sciences, Ultimate tensile strength, 010302 applied physics, Multidisciplinary, Nanocomposite, business.industry, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemistry, symbols, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy, business
Abstract

Self-assembled nanocomposites have been extensively investigated due to the novel properties that can emerge when multiple material phases are combined. Growth of epitaxial nanocomposites using lattice-mismatched constituents also enables strain-engineering, which can be used to further enhance material properties. Here, we report self-assembled growth of highly tensile-strained Ge/In[subscript 0.52]Al[subscript 0.48]As (InAlAs) nanocomposites by using spontaneous phase separation. Transmission electron microscopy shows a high density of single-crystalline germanium nanostructures coherently embedded in InAlAs without extended defects, and Raman spectroscopy reveals a 3.8% biaxial tensile strain in the germanium nanostructures. We also show that the strain in the germanium nanostructures can be tuned to 5.3% by altering the lattice constant of the matrix material, illustrating the versatility of epitaxial nanocomposites for strain engineering. Photoluminescence and electroluminescence results are then discussed to illustrate the potential for realizing devices based on this nanocomposite material., National Science Foundation (U.S.) (DMR 1506371)

Published
2017

7. Enhanced Thermoelectric Figure-of-merit at Room Temperature in Bulk Bi(Sb)Te(Se) With Grain Size of ∼100nm

Author

Peter Thomas, James M. LeBeau, Carl C. Koch, Judy Stuart, Tsung-ta E. Chan, and Rama Venkatasubramanian

Subjects
Thermal conductivity, Materials science, Seebeck coefficient, Thermoelectric effect, Grain boundary, Composite material, Microstructure, Hot pressing, Nanocrystalline material, Grain size
Abstract

Grain boundaries are known to be able to impede phonon transport in the material. In the thermoelectric application, this phenomenon could help improve the figure-of-merit (ZT) and enhance the thermal to electrical conversion. Bi2Te3 based alloys are renowned for their high ZT around room temperature but still need improvements, in both n- and p-type materials, for the resulting power generation devices to be more competitive. To implement high density of grain boundaries into the bulk materials, a bottom-up approach is employed in this work: consolidations of nanocrystalline powders into bulk disks. Nanocrystalline powders are developed by high energy cryogenic mechanical alloying that produces Bi(Sb)Te(Se) alloy powders with grain size in the range of 7 to 14 nm, which is about 25% finer compared to room temperature mechanical alloying. High density of grain boundaries are preserved from the powders to the bulk materials through optimized high pressure hot pressing. The consolidated bulk materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope for their composition and microstructure. They mainly consist of grains in the scale of 100 nm with some distributions of finer grains in both types of materials. Preliminary transport property measurements show that the thermal conductivity is significantly reduced at and around room temperature: about 0.65 W/m-K for the n-type BiTe(Se) and 0.85 W/m-K for the p-type Bi(Sb)Te, which are attributed to increased phonon scattering provided by the nanostructure and therefore enhanced ZT about 1.35 for the n-type and 1.21 for the p-type are observed. Detailed transport properties, such as the electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient and power factor as well as the resulting ZT as a function of temperature will be described.

Published
2013

8. Mapping Chemical Selection Pathways for Designing Multicomponent Alloys: an informatics framework for materials design

Author

Surendra K. Saxena, Susan B. Sinnott, Scott Broderick, James M. LeBeau, Srikant Srinivasan, Amrita Mishra, Krishna Rajan, and Ruifeng Zhang

Subjects
Computer science, Alloy, Intermetallic, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Crystal structure, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Article, Computational science, Metal, Knowledge extraction, Information space, 0103 physical sciences, Simulation, 010302 applied physics, Multidisciplinary, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Visualization, Superalloy, chemistry, visual_art, engineering, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Graph (abstract data type), 0210 nano-technology, Cobalt
Abstract

A data driven methodology is developed for tracking the collective influence of the multiple attributes of alloying elements on both thermodynamic and mechanical properties of metal alloys. Cobalt-based superalloys are used as a template to demonstrate the approach. By mapping the high dimensional nature of the systematics of elemental data embedded in the periodic table into the form of a network graph, one can guide targeted first principles calculations that identify the influence of specific elements on phase stability, crystal structure and elastic properties. This provides a fundamentally new means to rapidly identify new stable alloy chemistries with enhanced high temperature properties. The resulting visualization scheme exhibits the grouping and proximity of elements based on their impact on the properties of intermetallic alloys. Unlike the periodic table however, the distance between neighboring elements uncovers relationships in a complex high dimensional information space that would not have been easily seen otherwise. The predictions of the methodology are found to be consistent with reported experimental and theoretical studies. The informatics based methodology presented in this study can be generalized to a framework for data analysis and knowledge discovery that can be applied to many material systems and recreated for different design objectives.

Published
2015

9. Results of the first performance tests * of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter

Author

N. Zamiatin, Anna Elliott-Peisert, I. Yaselli, G. Dewhirst, Tiziano Camporesi, P. Chang, R. Gomez-Reino, Jordan Nash, N. G. Redaelli, Zeljko Antunovic, Frixos A Triantis, C. Gargiulo, P. Miné, Dieter Renker, Petar Adzic, A. M. Gaillac, S. Shevchenko, M. E. Zeller, A. Nardulli, Michael Dittmar, Bernard Ille, O. Ravat, Viktor Matveev, Konrad Deiters, Alessio Ghezzi, J. D. Swain, Y. Geerebaert, H. Mathez, D. Holmes, I. Semeniouk, P. Bordalo, S. Udriot, David Ja Cockerill, Florian Beaudette, A. Asimidis, Marcella Diemoz, S. K. Dhawan, Wolfgang Funk, Roger Rusack, Nikola Godinovic, J. M. Reymond, Ren-Yuan Zhu, J. A. Hill, Paolo Meridiani, George Wei-Shu Hou, Patrick Jarry, T. Sakhelashvili, P. S. Flower, Jean-Louis Faure, Luciano Barone, K. Ueno, Nadia Pastrone, Alison Lister, Riccardo Paramatti, B. W. Kennedy, M. Hansen, J. Grahl, Federico Ferri, H. El Mamouni, Marco Paganoni, M. Haguenauer, J. Gilly, F. Rondeaux, I. Mandjavidze, Christopher Seez, Claire Shepherd-Themistocleous, Michel Raymond, Elizabeth Locci, P. Vichoudis, P. Negri, Patrick Janot, M. J. Bercher, Remi Chipaux, M. Bonesini, J. Ehlers, A. De Min, M. C. Lemaire, S. Drndarevic, A. Tcheremoukhine, Ioannis Papadopoulos, R. Beuselinck, Isabel C. Teixeira, A. Singovski, K. W. Bell, J. Puzović, Pierre Lecomte, Georgios Anagnostou, G. Sidiropoulos, S. Gascon Shotkin, E. A. Chen, D. Schinzel, J. P. Guillaud, Cristina Biino, B. Fabbro, Harvey B Newman, Egidio Longo, J. Greenhalgh, Ivica Puljak, R. Alemany-Fernandez, H. Rykaczewski, S. Ramos, L. Djambazov, Giovanni Organtini, B. Smith, Carlos Almeida, G. Franzoni, Werner Lustermann, R. Bruneliere, André Holzner, A. B. Lodge, P. Gras, T. Tabarelli de Fatis, Demetrios Loukas, D. Krpic, S. Blyth, R. J. Tapper, R. Salerno, Jean Fay, G. Viertel, Y. H. Chang, A. Pullia, Sergey Troshin, Meng Wang, C. Combaret, S. Baccaro, N. Krasnikov, A. Markou, M. Mur, Ivan Anicin, M. Lebeau, N. Regnault, P. Sharp, W. T. Lin, A.L. Lintern, S. Costantini, P. Sempere Roldan, R. Della Negra, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, M. Dupanloup, C. Rovelli, Q. Ingram, P. Busson, Adolf Bornheim, S. K. Kataria, Ioannis Evangelou, J. C. da Silva, S. N. Gninenko, David Barney, Stephanie Beauceron, Nikolay Tyurin, E. Menichetti, Alain Givernaud, Stefano Ragazzi, M. Sproston, G. Hamel de Montechenault, B. L. Betev, H. Suter, André Rosowsky, Morgan Lethuillier, M. Montecchi, Alexander Nikitenko, T. Romanteau, M. J. Ryan, O. Teller, M. Reynaud, N. Almeida, S. Reynaud, O. Sharif, Predrag Milenovic, Peter R Hobson, J. Bourotte, R. M. Brown, Pietro Govoni, Pascal Paganini, L. Dobrzynski, Marc Dejardin, Yves Sirois, I. van Vulpen, Paul Lecoq, Panos A Razis, N. Vaz Cardoso, D. Chamont, Albert M. Sirunyan, M. Santos, Aristotelis Kyriakis, A. S. Giolo-Nicollerat, R. Benetta, Francesca Cavallari, Kostas Kloukinas, P. Bloch, G. Milleret, S. Bimbot, A. Bartoloni, João Paulo Teixeira, Joao Varela, M. Dzelalija, D. Sillou, Pierre Depasse, Andrey Uzunian, H. A. Neal, Yuri Musienko, G. Davatz, F. X. Gentit, Catherine Kirsty Mackay, S. Reucroft, Günther Dissertori, M. Anfreville, A. Go, John Rander, J. H. Williams, A. Jain, Felicitas Pauss, Maiko Takahashi, P. Barrillon, P. Verrecchia, Dave Britton, K. Zhu, Panagiotis Kokkas, C. Lynch, M. Korjik, V. Katchanov, Vincent J Smith, Nikolaos Manthos, Nicolo Cartiglia, Claude Charlot, Ashutosh Bhardwaj, R. K. Shivpuri, L. Y. Zhang, Georgios Daskalakis, D. Maletic, S. V. Rusakov, M. A. Karar, B. Koblitz, G. Maurelli, N. Golubev, P. Nedelec, Helen F Heath, I. Dafinei, J. Descamp, Tejinder Virdee, S. Zelepoukine, Etiennette Auffray, R. Ofierzynski, C. Collard, P. Poilleux, M. M. Obertino, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CMS, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), (ukupan broj autora: 246), Adzic, P, Alemany Fernandez, R, Almeida, C, Almeida, N, Anagnostou, G, Anfreville, M, Anicin, I, Antunovic, Z, Asimidis, A, Auffray, E, Baccaro, S, Barney, D, Barone, L, Barrillon, P, Bartoloni, A, Beauceron, S, Beaudette, F, Bell, K, Benetta, R, Bercher, M, Betev, B, Beuselinck, R, Bhardwaj, A, Biino, C, Bimbot, S, Bloch, P, Blyth, S, Bonesini, M, Bordalo, P, Bornheim, A, Bourotte, J, Britton, D, Brown, R, Bruneliere, R, Busson, P, Camporesi, T, Cartiglia, N, Cavallari, F, Chamont, D, Chang, P, Chang, Y, Charlot, C, Chen, E, Chipaux, R, Cockerill, D, Collard, C, Combaret, C, Costantini, S, Da Silva, J, Dafinei, I, Daskalakis, G, Davatz, G, De Min, A, Deiters, K, Dejardin, M, Della Negra, R, Depasse, P, Descamp, J, Dewhirst, G, Dhawan, S, Diemoz, M, Dissertori, G, Dittmar, M, Djambazov, L, Dobrzynski, L, Drndarevic, S, Dupanloup, M, Dzelalija, M, Ehlers, J, El Mamouni, H, Elliott Peisert, A, Evangelou, I, Fabbro, B, Faure, J, Fay, J, Ferri, F, Flower, P, Franzoni, G, Funk, W, Gaillac, A, Gargiulo, C, Gascon Shotkin, S, Geerebaert, Y, Gentit, F, Ghezzi, A, Gilly, J, Giolo Nicollerat, A, Givernaud, A, Gninenko, S, Go, A, Godinovic, N, Golubev, N, Gomez Reino, R, Govoni, P, Grahl, J, Gras, P, Greenhalgh, J, Guillaud, J, Haguenauer, M, Hamel De Monchenault, G, Hansen, M, Heath, H, Hill, J, Hobson, P, Holmes, D, Holzner, A, Hou, G, Ille, B, Ingram, Q, Jain, A, Janot, P, Jarry, P, Karar, A, Kataria, S, Kachanov, V, Kennedy, B, Kloukinas, K, Koblitz, B, Kokkas, P, Korzhik, M, Krasnikov, N, Krpic, D, Kyriakis, A, Lebeau, M, Lecomte, P, Lecoq, P, Lemaire, M, Lethuillier, M, Lin, W, Lintern, A, Lister, A, Locci, E, Lodge, A, Longo, E, Loukas, D, Lustermann, W, Lynch, C, Mackay, C, Maletic, D, Mandzhavidze, I, Manthos, N, Markou, A, Mathez, H, Matveev, V, Maurelli, G, Menichetti, E, Meridiani, P, Milenovic, P, Milleret, G, Mine, P, Montecchi, M, Mur, M, Musienko, Y, Nardulli, A, Nash, J, Neal, H, Nedelec, P, Negri, P, Nessi Tedaldi, F, Newman, H, Nikitenko, A, Obertino, M, Ofierzynski, R, Organtini, G, Paganini, P, Paganoni, M, Papadopoulos, I, Paramatti, R, Pastrone, N, Pauss, F, Poilleux, P, Puljak, I, Pullia, A, Puzovic, J, Ragazzi, S, Ramos, S, Rander, J, Ravat, O, Raymond, M, Razis, P, Redaelli, N, Regnault, N, Renker, D, Reucroft, S, Reymond, J, Reynaud, M, Reynaud, S, Romanteau, T, Rondeaux, F, Rosowsky, A, Rovelli, C, Rusack, R, Rusakov, S, Ryan, M, Rykaczewski, H, Sakhelashvili, T, Salerno, R, Santos, M, Schinzel, D, Seez, C, Semenyuk, I, Sempere Roldan, P, Sharif, O, Sharp, P, Shepherd Themistocleous, C, Shevchenko, S, Shivpuri, R, Sidiropoulos, G, Sillou, D, Singovski, A, Sirois, Y, Sirunian, A, Smith, B, Smith, V, Sproston, M, Suter, H, Swain, J, TABARELLI DE FATIS, T, Takahashi, M, Tapper, R, Cheremukhin, A, Teixeira, I, Teixeira, J, Teller, O, Triantis, F, Troshin, S, Tyurin, N, Udriot, S, Ueno, K, Uzunian, A, Van Vulpen, I, Varela, J, Vaz Cardoso, N, Verrecchia, P, Vichoudis, P, Viertel, G, Virdee, T, Wang, M, Williams, J, Yaselli, I, Zamyatin, N, Zelepukin, S, Zeller, M, Zhang, L, Zhu, K, Zhu, R, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP)

Subjects
Physics, Photomultiplier, Large Hadron Collider, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear engineering, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Particle detector, calorimetry, lead tungstate, scintillator, Background noise, Nuclear physics, Noise, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Measuring instrument, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Low voltage, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

Performance tests of some aspects of the CMS ECAL were carried out on modules of the "barrel" sub-system in 2002 and 2003. A brief test with high energy electron beams was made in late 2003 to validate prototypes of the new Very Front End electronics. The final versions of the monitoring and cooling systems, and of the high and low voltage regulation were used in these tests. The results are consistent with the performance targets including those for noise and overall energy resolution, required to fulfil the physics programme of CMS at the LHC. ISSN:1434-6044 ISSN:1434-6052

Published
2006

10. Measurement of $R_\mathrm{b}$ and $\mathrm{Br}(\mathrm{b} \rightarrow \ell\nu\mathrm{X})$ at LEP using double-tag methods

Author

Dimitri Bourilkov, L. Barone, F. C. Erné, P. Spillantini, J. G. Branson, S. Villa, A. Lavorato, G. Landi, S. Pensotti, Valery Schegelsky, Antonino Zichichi, Simone Paoletti, S. N. Ganguli, P. Marchesini, B. Petersen, Lamberto Luminari, A. Degré, H. Rykaczewski, K. Freudenreich, A. J.M. Muijs, Giovanni Organtini, Manjit Kaur, E. Fiandrini, Gyorgy Vesztergombi, Luca Malgeri, H. Wilkens, Z. Szillasi, V. Koutsenko, M. Chemarin, L. Romero, Z. A. Liu, A. Vorvolakos, M. Biasini, C. Dionisi, Raffaello D'Alessandro, L. Boldizsar, P. Laurikainen, B. Bertucci, D. Kiss, G. S. Muanza, A. De Salvo, Igor Vorobiev, B. P. Roe, S. X. Wu, Pablo Garcia-Abia, Alain Hervé, Pierre Lecomte, Peter H. Fisher, Marco Meschini, Leonardo Merola, Subir Sarkar, D. della Volpe, Jean Fay, M. Bourquin, M. Pohl, P. Levtchenko, Y. S. Lu, S. Cucciarelli, Panos A Razis, Werner Lustermann, Charles Timmermans, Kati Lassila-Perini, H. El Mamouni, F. Cavallari, L. Tauscher, A. Button, T. Azemoon, Joachim Mnich, P. Achard, J. M. Le Goff, N. Gheordanescu, A. Seganti, Harvey B Newman, V. Plyaskin, A. Malinin, Adrian Biland, C. Maña, F. Di Lodovico, A. Shvorob, Carlo Civinini, A. C. Weber, Nicolas Produit, G. Raven, Marta Felcini, L. Xia, A. Robohm, J. A. Rubio, Aleandro Nisati, F. Cesaroni, P. Molnar, M. Chamizo, T. Angelescu, A. Chen, M. N. Kienzle-Focacci, J. Alcaraz, Christopher George Tully, M. Steuer, M. Aguilar-Benitez, G. Mirabelli, H.F. Chen, J. H. Field, M. Zöler, M. Vivargent, D. Piccolo, O. Grimm, Joseph Quartieri, Samuel C.C. Ting, P. Duinker, Marcos Cerrada, I. Korolko, Simonetta Gentile, Emilio Leonardi, G. M. Chen, A. Bay, Francesco Becattini, M. T. Dova, G. Schwering, D. Sciarrino, E. J. Sanchez, I. Vodopianov, S. Schmidt-Kaerst, Yu. Galaktionov, Herwig Schopper, P. Berges, H. Postema, K. Lübelsmeyer, Wolfgang Lohmann, H. Vogt, S. C. Kim, Nicanor Colino, P. Bagnaia, A. Csilling, M. Lebeau, C. Furetta, A. Engler, C. G. Yang, F. Cotorobai, Aaron Dominguez, Felicitas Pauss, Y. D. Oh, F. Anselmo, T. Paul, A. Buijs, J. Pothier, Yu. Zalite, M. A. Rahaman, D. Perret-Gallix, A. Arefiev, H. S. Fesefeldt, E. Pistolesi, L. Lugnier, R. Ramelli, D.W. Schmitz, G. Pascale, A. Klimentov, U. K. Chaturvedi, H. J. Yang, K. Sudhakar, S. W. Banerjee, P. Lebrun, F. Pierella, Federico Cindolo, X. D. Cai, R. R. McNeil, R. Faccini, P. de Jong, X. L. Wang, A. Balandras, N. Shivarov, G. G.G. Massaro, M. Pauluzzi, Robert Clare, M. von der Mey, J. Casaus, D. Kamrad, G. Chiefari, S. Shevchenko, P. Bartalini, F. Brochu, S. Vlachos, G. Chen, G. Alemanni, S. Rosier-Lees, P. Le Coultre, G. Carlino, P. G. Rancoita, Peter Raics, W. G. Ma, J. B. Ye, W. Kittel, Oleg Fedin, Thomas Hebbeker, Paul Lecoq, R. W. Kraemer, B. N. Jin, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, A. Favara, J. Rodin, R. Barillère, M. Basile, F. Behner, T. Niessen, Saverio Braccini, Kajari Mazumdar, M. Napolitano, Max Weber, M. Acciarri, T. Siedenburg, R. Ostonen, G. Rahal-Callot, N. Raja, Marco Pieri, G. Forconi, A. Mihul, H. Nowak, Egidio Longo, S. Wynhoff, F. L. Linde, D. Vicinanza, M. Capell, Zheng Wang, Zhenyu Zhang, G. Holzner, An.A. Vorobyov, Michael Dittmar, S. S. Gau, Vuko Brigljevic, S. C. Tonwar, W. J. Burger, F. Ferroni, Frank Filthaut, Jozsef Toth, J. D. Burger, K. Riles, A. Rosca, X. Chereau, M. E. Sarakinos, D. van Dierendonck, D. Ren, G. Castellini, Claudio Luci, D. Pandoulas, A. Lebedev, Dong-Chul Son, S. Bhattacharya, H. Suter, Ia Iashvili, D. Duchesneau, H. S. Chen, D. Mangeol, J. K. Kim, D. Luckey, L. Servoli, J. D. Swain, Pierluigi Paolucci, Dong-Hyun Kim, G. Zilizi, M. Gataullin, J. Salicio, H. Anderhub, A. P. Colijn, J. J. Blaising, J. Hirschfelder, D. O. Prokofiev, A. Buffini, D. Peach, H. Milcent, S. C. Yeh, Stefano Giagu, P. Ladron de Guevara, F. Marzano, G. Coignet, G. Grenier, Ren-Yuan Zhu, Jasper Kirkby, M. A. Falagan, S. C. Blyth, Imad Baptiste Laktineh, Lucas Taylor, M. G. Alviggi, A. Stone, M. Rescigno, W. Wallraff, G. Marian, L. Baksay, Anna Katharina Kopp, T. Moulik, Riccardo Paramatti, W. Krenz, Michele Guida, J. P. Martin, A. Kunin, S. Reucroft, B. Smith, Giovanni Passaleva, A. Böhm, S. Banerjee, Hafeez R Hoorani, Mario Campanelli, R. Leiste, P. Wienemann, Georgi Sultanov, G. J. Bobbink, Christoph Paus, G. Y. Zhu, E. Shumilov, M. Fabre, T. S. Dai, R. A. Khan, D. P. Stickland, F. Ziegler, Y. H. Chang, Mingming Yang, B. De La Cruz, B. Monteleoni, W. J. Metzger, H. J. Lee, Marcella Diemoz, A. M. Cartacci, M. W. Gruenewald, I. Josa-Mutuberria, M. Kräber, M. Musy, B. Cozzoni, P. Déglon, V. Shoutko, Claudia Cecchi, R. de Asmundis, I. Fisk, D. Kim, Konrad Deiters, G. B. Mohanty, Alberto Aloisio, N. Cavallo, B. Borgia, M. Pedace, T. van Rhee, A. Gurtu, T. Sztaricskai, An. Zalite, H. K. Park, J. Berdugo, R. Battiston, R. C. Ball, J. Ulbricht, E. Valente, C-Q. Li, V. K. Gupta, Thomas Ferguson, D. Ruschmeier, Pàl Hidas, Z. F. Gong, L. J. Gutay, D. Haas, I. Duran, X. W. Tang, A. Hasan, F. DeNotaristefani, G. Viertel, L. Z. Sun, P. A. Piroué, J. A. van Dalen, Tariq Aziz, Alessandra Doria, G. Cara Romeo, J. Busenitz, Hans J. Vogel, Manas Maity, G. Ambrosi, I. Clare, W. T. Lin, S. Costantini, F. J. Eppling, L. W. Jones, I. Vetlitsky, Crisostomo Sciacca, S. R. Hou, M. Wadhwa, R. van Gulik, Peter Denes, D. J. Schotanus, P. Extermann, Salvatore Mele, S. M. Ting, Christoph Schäfer, B. Z. Yang, H. Hofer, O. Adriani, K. L. Tung, V. P. Andreev, F. Muheim, C. Palomares, U. Becker, J.V. Allaby, S. Patricelli, D. Hatzifotiadou, L. Bellucci, L. Fredj, A. Barczyk, D. Prokofiev, Luisa Cifarelli, Speranza Falciano, A. Straessner, Luca Lista, Sabine Riemann, Y. Uchida, Minhong Wang, M. P. Sanders, B. L. Betev, A. C. König, D. Dufournaud, I. H. Park, Z. Z. Xu, C. H. Lin, and V. Pojidaev

Subjects
Quark, Physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Meson, Branching fraction, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Order (ring theory), Momentum, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Impact parameter, Engineering (miscellaneous), Lepton
Abstract

We present a combined measurement of $\Rb = \Gamma(\mathrm{Z \rightarrow b\overline{b}}) / \Gamma(\mathrm{Z} \rightarrow\mbox{hadro ns})$ and the semileptonic branching ratio of b quarks in Z decays, $\Brbl$, using double-tag methods. Two analyses are performed on one million hadronic Z decays collected in 1994 and 1995. The first analysis exploits the capabilities of the silicon microvertex detector. The tagging of b-events is based on the large impact parameter of tracks from weak b-decays with respect to the $\mathrm{e^+e^-}$ collision point. In the second analysis, a high-$p_t$ lepton tag is used to enhance the b-component in the sample and its momentum spectrum is used to constrain the model dependent uncertainties in the semileptonic b-decay. The analyses are combined in order to provide precise determinations of $\Rb$ and $\Brbl$: Rb = 0.2174 \pm 0.0015\mbox{(stat.)} \pm 0.0028\mbox{(sys.)}; $\Brbl = (10.16 \pm 0.13\mbox{(stat.)} \pm 0.30\mbox{(sys.)})\%.

Published
2000

11. Measurement of the ${\rm\bf B_{\bf d}^{\bf 0}- {\bf \bar{B}}_{\bf d}^{\bf 0}}$ oscillation frequency

Author

S. Braccini, P. Zemp, R. de Asmundis, I. Fisk, D. Kim, W. van Rossum, S. Pensotti, Valery Schegelsky, W. J. Burger, Antonino Zichichi, L. J. Gutay, S. X. Wu, A. Barczyk, U. Becker, I. Duran, Mingshui Chen, Ren-Yuan Zhu, J. Gerald, R. Faccini, R. Leiste, Christoph Paus, Luciano Barone, S. V. Chekanov, D. Ruschmeier, M. Rescigno, X. L. Wang, G. G.G. Massaro, M. Pauluzzi, R. Barillère, H. Rykaczewski, Giovanni Organtini, S. Rosier-Lees, Michael Dittmar, D. DiBitonto, M. Steuer, T. van Rhee, H. Vogt, F. J. Eppling, L. W. Jones, P. H. Fisher, S. M. Ting, P. Marchesini, D. Kiss, V. Brigljevic, Konrad Deiters, Adrian Biland, K. Löbelsmeyer, T. Angelescu, Raffaello D'Alessandro, L. Romero, Y. J. Pei, Jean Fay, Alberto Aloisio, D. Boutigny, K. Banicz, M. Schneegans, D. Perret-Gallix, S. Bhattacharya, D. Ren, Leonardo Merola, J. Shukla, D. O. Prokofiev, A. Gurtu, Samuel C.C. Ting, Bryan R. Smith, M. Vivargent, Nicolas Produit, J. Casaus, J. Busenitz, J. D. Swain, S. P. Ahlen, B. Monteleoni, P. Duinker, Jasper Kirkby, Egidio Longo, H. Tuchscherer, L. Tauscher, A. J.W. van Mil, M. Bourquin, I. Korolko, Simonetta Gentile, F. Ferroni, Peter Denes, Anna Katharina Kopp, D. Peach, D.W. Schmitz, G. Pascale, T. Azemoon, K. Sudhakar, G. M. Bilei, L. Z. Sun, M. W. Gruenewald, S. Easo, Kati Lassila-Perini, I. Josa-Mutuberria, V. Plyaskin, A. Engler, B. Hartmann, A. P. Colijn, Y. Zeng, P. de Jong, N. Shivarov, Claudio Luci, Paolo Bagnaia, Joachim Mnich, M. Capell, M. T. Dova, A. Hasan, A. Klimentov, Robert Clare, S. C. Blyth, J.V. Allaby, H. O. Cohn, M. von der Mey, S. Patricelli, Marco Meschini, Dong-Hyun Kim, C. G. Yang, Y. Uchida, Thomas Hebbeker, K. Jenkes, Paul Lecoq, R. W. Kraemer, M. Napolitano, S. Petrak, Marcos Cerrada, Y. Kamyshkov, H. S. Fesefeldt, E. Pistolesi, D. Kirkby, Kenneth Francis Read, D. Hatzifotiadou, A. Robohm, Yu. Zalite, Igor Vorobiev, J. Rodin, H. Opitz, Laszlo Boldizsar, Y. Mi, E. Valente, J. B. Ye, A. Arefiev, Yu. Efremenko, P. Levtchenko, A. Buijs, Panos A Razis, A. Böhm, L. Fredj, D. McNally, D. Duchesneau, H. S. Chen, L. Servoli, Pierluigi Paolucci, Christopher George Tully, Howard A. Stone, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, Yu. Galaktionov, G. Viertel, A. Lebedev, Dong-Chul Son, G. Landi, Wolfgang Lohmann, B. Bertucci, G. Schwering, Lamberto Luminari, P. Molnar, J. Alcaraz, F. Muheim, U. K. Chaturvedi, G. Forconi, Y. S. Lu, S. C. Kim, J. Hirschfelder, Hans J. Vogel, K. Riles, Z. M. Wang, Roberto Battiston, J. D. Burger, T. Siedenburg, F. Anselmo, Nicanor Colino, Stefano Giagu, H. El Mamouni, F. Di Lodovico, F. Marzano, Simone Paoletti, Suchandra Dutta, G. Coignet, A. Shvorob, J. Schwenke, G. Rahal-Callot, N. Raja, W. Krenz, W. T. Lin, Giovanni Passaleva, W. Lu, J. P. Ernenwein, S. Costantini, Gerjan Bobbink, Mariagrazia Alviggi, Y. Karyotakis, D. Migani, Vincenzo Innocente, G. Gratta, Federico Cindolo, B. Borgia, R. C. Ball, M. P. Sanders, F. C. Erné, B. L. Betev, Oleg Fedin, J. Berdugo, S. Mangla, J. H. Field, C. Dionisi, C. Y. Chien, Pablo Garcia-Abia, X. W. Tang, Pierre Lecomte, A. Mihul, J. Ulbricht, Luisa Cifarelli, E. J. Sanchez, A. Kirkby, Jozsef Toth, H. Suter, I. Vetlitsky, An.A. Vorobyov, A. Kunin, S. S. Gau, S. C. Tonwar, Alain Hervé, G. Alemanni, M. Campanelli, P. A. Piroué, B. Zhou, B. Fenyi, W. C. van Hoek, B. Stoyanov, Francesca Cavallari, Frank Filthaut, C. Leggett, H. Milcent, A. Bay, D. Pandoulas, S. Roth, W. W. Kinnison, S. C. Yeh, Werner Lustermann, S. Schmidt-Kaerst, O. Adriani, D. Kamrad, K. Freudenreich, P. Extermann, H. J. Lee, Hafeez R Hoorani, Y. Zhou, Marcella Diemoz, Salvatore Mele, Thomas Ferguson, Dimitri Bourilkov, Christoph Schäfer, B. Z. Yang, A. Pevsner, H. Hofer, Lucas Taylor, A. C. Weber, G. Chiefari, K. L. Tung, S. Shevchenko, Carlo Civinini, J. P. Martin, P. Spillantini, F. Behner, T. Moulik, G. Raven, B. Petersen, G. Y. Zhu, W. J. Metzger, E. Shumilov, E. Fiandrini, Andrea Baschirotto, G. Mirabelli, P. Lebrun, I. Clare, S. Goldfarb, M. Aguilar-Benitez, Gyorgy Vesztergombi, Luca Malgeri, V. Shoutko, P. G. Rancoita, S. Palit, Alessandra Doria, D. P. Stickland, F. Ziegler, Y. H. Chang, Herwig Schopper, M. Acciarri, H. Postema, Guo-Ming Chen, D. Haas, G. Sauvage, A. M. Cartacci, Aleandro Nisati, B. N. Jin, A. Buffini, R. Völkert, U. Uwer, C. Maña, I. C. Brock, A. Chen, D. van Dierendonck, J. Salicio, S. Reucroft, H. Nowak, B. De La Cruz, E. Drago, P. Bartalini, A. C. König, N. Scholz, Joseph Quartieri, R. Ostonen, A. Marin, G. Hu, S. R. Hou, M. Wadhwa, D. J. Schotanus, Harvey B Newman, Joel Goldstein, O. Rind, S. W. Banerjee, J. J. Blaising, W. Wallraff, S. Vlachos, Speranza Falciano, A. Favara, I. H. Park, J. S. Kapustinsky, T. Niessen, Z. Z. Xu, S. Banerjee, C. H. Lin, Aaron Dominguez, Zp Zhang, Tariq Aziz, Felicitas Pauss, W. G. Ma, C. Lapoint, A. Csilling, P. Le Coultre, M. Basile, A. Straessner, Luca Lista, Crisostomo Sciacca, Marco Pieri, Juven Wang, C. Palomares, D. Mangeol, J. K. Kim, Sabine Riemann, Z. A. Liu, A. Vorvolakos, X. Y. Yao, D. Luckey, J. G. Xu, G. Ambrosi, Roger Moore, Georgi Sultanov, T. S. Dai, R. A. Khan, V. P. Andreev, J. M. Le Goff, N. Gheordanescu, M. Chemarin, G. M. Chen, J. A. Rubio, F. Cesaroni, M. Chamizo, Emilio Leonardi, R. Bock, D. Sciarrino, L. Baksay, F. Cotorobai, Z. P. Zhang, X. D. Cai, Maurizio Biasini, Marta Felcini, Francesco Becattini, Y. D. Oh, H. F. Chen, S. Wynhoff, A. Nippe, Alexander Malinin, An. Zalite, C-Q. Li, V. K. Gupta, R. Bizzarri, Gianpaolo Carlino, F. DeNotaristefani, M. N. Kienzle-Focacci, Manas Maity, P. Berges, Steve Nahn, V. Soulimov, M. Lebeau, Gobinda Majumder, W. Kittel, M. Fabre, R. Mount, Nicola Cavallo, H. K. Park, G. Castellini, Z. F. Gong, G. Cara Romeo, B. P. Roe, C. Cecchi, Subir Sarkar, P. Rosselet, M. Pohl, J. M. You, V. Koutsenko, A. Kasser, P. Lacenter, T. Paul, J. G. Branson, A. Lavorato, Davide Piccolo, S. N. Ganguli, A. Degré, M. Rattaggi, M. E. Sarakinos, P. Ladron de Guevara, A. Gougas, G. F. Susinno, C. Furetta, A. J.M. Muijs, Manjit Kaur, P. Laurikainen, and H. Anderhub

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Meson, Oscillation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Charge (physics), Bottom quark, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Production (computer science), Impact parameter, Engineering (miscellaneous), Lepton
Abstract

Time-dependent \({{\rm B^{0}}\mbox{-}\bar{{\rm B}}^{0}}\) mixing is studied using about two million hadronic Z decays registered by L3 in 1994 and 1995. For this study three techniques are used. Tagging of the b-quark charge at decay time is performed by identifying leptons from semileptonic B decays. The flavour of the b quark at production time is determined from the charge of the lepton in the opposite hemisphere or by using a jet-charge technique. The proper time of the B-particle decay is obtained by reconstructing the production and decay vertices or by a measurement of the lepton impact parameter. The combined result for the frequency of \({{\rm B_d^0}}\) meson oscillations is \(\)

Published
1998

12. Measurement of the branching ratiosb →e ν X, μ ν X, τ ν X andν X

Author

G. Schwering, L. Z. Sun, Maurizio Biasini, G. Ambrosi, Marta Felcini, Roger Moore, F. J. Rodriguez, Francesco Becattini, Georgi Sultanov, Fl Linde, F. C. Erné, T. S. Dai, R. A. Khan, An.A. Vorobyov, V. P. Andreev, Lamberto Luminari, W. Lu, K. Freudenreich, Z. M. Wang, Sc Yeh, F. Cesaroni, M. Chamizo, Mingshui Chen, J. Gerald, R. Faccini, X. L. Wang, G. G.G. Massaro, O. Adriani, Lucas Taylor, Alessandra Doria, H. F. Chen, M. Chemarin, G. M. Chen, Federico Cindolo, R. C. Ball, Pierre Lecomte, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Leonardo Merola, L. Romero, Wt Lin, M. Bourquin, K. Strauch, Emilio Leonardi, R. Bock, D. Sciarrino, M. Pauluzzi, W. van Rossum, Adrian Biland, S. C. Blyth, Marco Meschini, D. Kirkby, P. G. Rancoita, Christopher George Tully, G. F. Susinno, Wolfgang Lohmann, C. Furetta, J. C. Pinto, B. Bertucci, S. Wynhoff, S. C. Kim, Nicanor Colino, Aaron Dominguez, Felicitas Pauss, S. Mangla, S. C. Tonwar, W. C. van Hoek, Frank Filthaut, Thomas Ferguson, N. Scholz, S. R. Hou, M. Wadhwa, D. J. Schotanus, C. Maña, I. C. Brock, S. Röhner, F. Wittgenstein, L. Tauscher, T. Azemoon, Joachim Mnich, A. Robohm, P. Lebrun, E. Valente, L. Baksay, F. Cotorobai, D. Ren, J. Shukla, Werner Lustermann, Behcet Alpat, A. Nippe, Alexander Malinin, W. G. Ma, P. Le Coultre, M. Basile, K. Hangarter, S. Easo, Kati Lassila-Perini, V. Plyaskin, L. Ludovici, E. Drago, R. Ostonen, A. Marin, B. N. Jin, H. Nowak, T. Paul, Y. G. Kim, Marcos Cerrada, Y. Mi, M. Acciarri, Guo-Ming Chen, G. M. Bilei, M. T. Choi, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, D. McNally, G. Viertel, T. Angelescu, E. Lieb, A. Buytenhuijs, Z. A. Liu, A. Vorvolakos, X. Y. Yao, A. P. Colijn, G. Carlino, J. Busenitz, Peter Denes, Paolo Bagnaia, U. Uwer, A. Chen, D. van Dierendonck, J. Salicio, A. C. Weber, H. Anderhub, S. S. Gau, J. K. Kim, D. Luckey, J. Casaus, Yu. Kamyshkov, Y. J. Pei, J.V. Allaby, S. Patricelli, C. Lapoint, M. T. Dova, Gobinda Majumder, W. Kittel, Y. H. Chang, George Alverson, J. S. Kapustinsky, Roberto Battiston, J. D. Burger, T. Siedenburg, G. Rahal-Callot, Hans J. Vogel, S. Morganti, J. Schwenke, S. Costantini, G. Chiefari, S. Shevchenko, J. G. Xu, M. Lenti, G. Mirabelli, A. Engler, Francesca Cavallari, C. Leggett, S. Roth, Ren-Yuan Zhu, Luciano Barone, G. Cara Romeo, B. P. Roe, A. Boucham, C. Dionisi, Alain Hervé, J. Rodin, An. Zalite, A. Straessner, L. Fredj, C. Cecchi, H. O. Cohn, F. Behner, Andrea Baschirotto, A. Pevsner, Luca Lista, C. G. Yang, F. Ferroni, J. M. Le Goff, N. Gheordanescu, M. Rescigno, K. Lübelsmeyer, C-Q. Li, T. van Rhee, H. Suter, M. Vivargent, D. Fernandez, Juven Wang, Y. Zeng, M. Campanelli, Gerjan Bobbink, B. Borgia, Yu. Galaktionov, H. De Boeck, J. A. Rubio, V. K. Gupta, M. Capell, Subir Sarkar, M. Schneegans, Y. Zhou, M. E. Sarakinos, P. Laurikainen, S. Ro, F. DeNotaristefani, J. P. Martin, G. Y. Zhu, E. Shumilov, A. Gurtu, W. Wallraff, Marcella Diemoz, Z. P. Zhang, S. Mele, P. Landron De Guevara, E. Nagy, Sabine Riemann, Bryan R. Smith, H. S. Fesefeldt, E. Pistolesi, Pierluigi Paolucci, Roberto Castello, A. Bujak, M. Pohl, J. M. You, A. Bay, Carlo Civinini, G. Raven, M. Aguilar-Benitez, G. Gratta, M. Fabre, A. Macchiolo, P. Zemp, V. Shoutko, J. C. Sens, B. Hartmann, A. Gougas, A. Hasan, Herwig Schopper, B. De La Cruz, Kajari Mazumdar, S. Müller, Michael Dittmar, B. C. Riemers, K. Sudhakar, A. Buijs, G. Hu, R. de Asmundis, H. Postema, M. Caria, Luisa Cifarelli, P. de Jong, R. Barillère, D. P. Stickland, A. Adam, P. Marchesini, Manas Maity, D. Kiss, V. Brigljevic, Xd Cai, A. Lebedev, Dong-Chul Son, T. Kramer, S. Banerjee, Zp Zhang, Dai-Sik Kim, J. J. Blaising, O. Rind, M. von der Mey, J. Ulbricht, A. Koulbardis, P. Berges, Steve Nahn, L. J. Gutay, U. Becker, R. Völkert, I. Dorne, J. Alcaraz, J. P. Ernenwein, J. D. Swain, Stefano Giagu, M. Tonutti, U. K. Chaturvedi, J. B. Ye, D. Peach, I. Duran, A. Chan, Igor Vorobiev, Y. S. Lu, Speranza Falciano, R. T. Van de Walle, R. Mount, Mariagrazia Alviggi, V. Koutsenko, Nicola Cavallo, H. Vogt, F. J. Eppling, L. W. Jones, G. Forconi, P. H. Fisher, S. M. Ting, P. Levtchenko, Y. F. Wang, Panos A Razis, A. Mihul, G. Alemanni, W. J. Burger, H. K. Park, Tariq Aziz, D. Antreasyan, A. Böhm, S. P. Ahlen, J. H. Field, C. Y. Chien, A. Kirkby, G. Castellini, I. Vetlitsky, Jasper Kirkby, M. Sassowsky, A. J.W. van Mil, Jozsef Toth, H. El Mamouni, B. Stoyanov, B. Schoeneich, D. Pandoulas, P. Kapinos, P. Duinker, C. Zaccardelli, A. Kasser, G. Pascale, W. W. Kinnison, N. Shivarov, Claudio Luci, Z. F. Gong, I. Korolko, Simonetta Gentile, B. L. Betev, Y. Karyotakis, Robert Clare, Thomas Hebbeker, F. Di Lodovico, Paul Lecoq, R. W. Kraemer, J. Berdugo, A. Klimentov, H. Janssen, Kenneth Francis Read, I. Clare, J. G. Branson, M. Napolitano, S. Petrak, E. J. Sanchez, H. Kuijten, Davide Piccolo, S. Reucroft, S. N. Ganguli, A. Kunin, D. Duchesneau, H. S. Chen, L. Servoli, A. Degré, M. N. Kienzle-Focacci, G. Landi, A. Csilling, Simone Paoletti, Suchandra Dutta, M. Rattaggi, V. Soulimov, M. Lebeau, A. Tsaregorodtsev, Manjit Kaur, K. Y. Lee, Vincenzo Innocente, Crisostomo Sciacca, Marco Pieri, Hafeez R Hoorani, P. Bartalini, A. M. Cartacci, R. Raghavan, Konrad Deiters, A. C. König, Alberto Aloisio, Dimitri Bourilkov, W. J. Metzger, Andre Sopczak, P. Spillantini, Joel Goldstein, X. W. Tang, P. A. Piroué, B. Zhou, S. Goldfarb, A. Favara, Z. Z. Xu, R. Leiste, Samuel C.C. Ting, E. Fiandrini, Gyorgy Vesztergombi, Luca Malgeri, Christoph Paus, V. Pojidaev, G. Passaleva, M. W. Gruenewald, I. Josa-Mutuberria, S. Pensotti, Antonino Zichichi, G. Sauvage, H. Rykaczewski, Giovanni Organtini, B. Monteleoni, F. Sticozzi, A. Arefiev, Yu. Efremenko, S. Rosier-Lees, Harvey B Newman, Aa Vorobyov, J. S. Lee, E. Brambilla, Attilio Santocchia, Jean Fay, D. Boutigny, K. Riles, Howard A. Stone, F. Tonisch, F. Marzano, G. Coignet, W. Krenz, Nicolas Produit, S. X. Wu, D. DiBitonto, Ph. Rosselet, M. Steuer, K. Banicz, D. Perret-Gallix, F. Muheim, P. Extermann, B. Z. Yang, H. Hofer, K. L. Tung, Egidio Longo, H. Tuchscherer, and M. M. Ilyas

Subjects
Physics, Semileptonic decay, Particle physics, Muon, Missing energy, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, Electron, Branching (polymer chemistry), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Measure (mathematics), Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Neutrino, 010306 general physics
Abstract

The inclusive semileptonic branching ratios b→eνX,μ νX,τ νX andνX have been measured at LEP with the L3 detector. The analysis is based on 2-jet hadronic Z decays obtained in the data collected between 1991 and 1992. Three separate event samples are analysed, containing electrons, muons and large missing energy (neutrinos), respectively. From the electron sample, we measure Br(b→eνX)=(10.89±0.20±0.51)% and, from the muon sample, Br(b→μ νX)=(10.82±0.15±0.59)%, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. From the missing energy sample, we measure Br(b→νX)=(23.08±0.77±1.24)%, assuming the relative semileptonic decay rates e:μ:τ=1:1:(0.25±0.05), according to theoretical expectations. From a combined analysis of all three samples and constraining the relative semileptonic rates, we measure Br(b→eνX)=Br(b→μ νX)=(10.68±0.11±0.46)%. Alternatively, we can remove the constraint on the relative semileptonic rates and measure Br(b→τ νX)=(1.7±0.5±1.1)%.

Published
1996

13. Nanocomposite Bi(Sb)Te(Se) Materials by Cryogenic Mechanical Alloying and Optimized High Pressure Hot-pressing

Author

Judy Stuart, Peter Thomas, James M. LeBeau, Carl C. Koch, Tsung-Ta Chan, and Rama Venkatasubramanian

Subjects
Materials science, Nanocomposite, Metallurgy, Thermoelectric effect, Alloy, engineering, engineering.material, Composite material, Hot pressing, Microstructure, Cryogenic processor, Grain size, Nanocrystalline material
Abstract

Nanocomposite Bi2Te3 based alloys are attractive for their potentially high thermoelectric figure-of-merit (ZT) around room temperature. The nano-scale structural features embedded in the matrix provide more scattering of phonons and can thus reduce the lattice thermal conductivity. To further take advantage of such nanocomposite structures, we focus on the development of nanocrystalline Bi(Sb)Te(Se) powders by high energy cryogenic mechanical alloying followed by an optimized hot pressing process. This approach is shown to successfully produce Bi(Sb)Te(Se) alloy powders with grain size averaging about 9 nm for n-type BiTe(Se) and about 16 nm for p-type Bi(Sb)Te respectively. This cryogenic process offers much less milling time and prevents thermally activated contamination or imperfections from being introduced during the milling process. The nanocrystalline powders are then compacted at optimized pressures and temperatures to achieve full density compactions and preserve the grain sizes effectively. The resulting nano-bulk materials have optimal Seebeck coefficients and are expected to have improved ZT. Thermoelectric properties and microstructure studies by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy will also be presented and discussed.

Published
2012

14. Chemical beam deposition of high-k gate dielectrics on III-V semiconductors: TiO2 on In0.53Ga0.47As

Author

James M. LeBeau, Roman Engel-Herbert, Yan Zheng, Yoontae Hwang, and Susanne Stemmer

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Dielectric, chemistry.chemical_compound, Semiconductor, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, chemistry, Transmission electron microscopy, Optoelectronics, Thin film, Titanium isopropoxide, business, Leakage (electronics), High-κ dielectric
Abstract

We report on the growth of high-permittivity (k) TiO2 thin films on In0.53Ga0.47As channels by chemical beam deposition with titanium isopropoxide as the source. The films grew in a reaction-limited regime with smooth surfaces. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed an atomically abrupt interface with the In0.53Ga0.47As channel that indicated that this interface is thermally stable. Measurements of the leakage currents using metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors with Pt top electrodes revealed asymmetric characteristics with respect to the bias polarity, suggesting an unfavorable band alignment for CMOS applications. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to determine the TiO2/In0.53Ga0.47As band offsets. A valence band offset of 2.5 ± 0.1 eV was measured.

Published
2009

15. Retraction Note: A microarray study of altered gene expression in Ara-C resistance in acute myeloid leukemia

Author

Michelle M. LeBeau, Susan K. Rathe, Bin Yin, M. L. Tsai, Diane E. Hasz, and David A. Largaespada

Subjects
Cancer Research, Microarray, food and beverages, Myeloid leukemia, Hematology, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Biology, carbohydrates (lipids), homeobox A9, Oncology, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Gene expression, Cancer research, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins)
Abstract

A microarray study of altered gene expression in Ara-C resistance in acute myeloid leukemia

Published
2010

16. Septate-Like Junctions in Abnormal Erythroblasts

Author

J. Chevalier, M. Lebeau, M. T. Daniel, J. Breton-Gorius, F. T. Sanel, and G. Flandrin

Subjects
Septate, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Erythroblasts, Cell, Erythrocytes, Abnormal, Bone Marrow Cells, Septate junctions, Biology, Cell junction, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Bone Marrow, Lanthanum, Erythroblast, Culture Techniques, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Humans, Erythropoiesis, Freeze Etching, Histocytochemistry, Anemia, Aplastic, hemic and immune systems, Intercellular Junctions, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cytoplasm, Ultrastructure, Bone marrow, Extracellular Space, circulatory and respiratory physiology
Abstract

Ultrastructural studies of the bone marrow of a patient with refractory anemia revealed aberrant erythroblasts with unique cell junctions. Periodic structures linked adjacent processes on the same cell as well as surfaces of neighboring erythroblasts. Inclusions circumscribed by similar complexes were also present in the cytoplasm. The junction appeared in cross sections as two rigidly parallel unit membranes separated by 250-300 A interspace with two regular arrays of facing 70 A particles at intervals of 160-200 A. These intracellular specializations were present between erythroblasts at various stages of maturation and between, mono, bi or multinucleated erythroblasts. Junctions were permeable to lanthanum and many that appeared to be intracellular were demonstrated to be continuous with the extracellular space. The fact that others were not penetrated by lanthanum indicates that detachment of the interdigitating processes from cells of origin could have occurred. In freeze-etched replicas, distribution of membrane particles was random in areas of septate-like junctions, although parallel rows were sometimes observed both on A and B inner hydrophobic faces of the membrane leaflets. Junctional complexes in tissue culture appeared to have been disrupted and were not reestablished; however, inclusions resembling internalized junctions were observed associated with multivesicular bodies. Ineffective erythropoiesis and the resulting refractory anemia appear to be associated with the presence of the described anomalous junctional complexes.

Published
1975

17. Cancer biology: Heritable fragile sites in cancer

Author

Michelle M. LeBeau and Janet D. Rowley

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Chromosomal fragile site, Cancer research, medicine, Cancer, Cancer biology, Biology, medicine.disease
Published
1984

18. DYSMORPHIC SYNDROME, SPHEROCYTOSIS AND PARTIAL DELETION OF THE SHORT ARM OF CHROMOSOME 8

Author

Yury Verlinsky, Robert R. Chilcote, Michelle M. LeBeau, Eugene Pergament, Janet Rowley, Carlton Dampier, and Barbara E. Jones

Subjects
Factor VII, Carbonic anhydrase II, Spherocytosis, Chromosome, Biology, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, Hemolysis, Cell membrane, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine.anatomical_structure, Membrane protein, chemistry, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, Spectrin
Abstract

Congenital spherocytic anemia is a relatively common disorder but the genetic defect has not yet been definitively mapped to a chromosome. We studied a family in which 2 of 3 children were dysmorphic, affected by severe spherocytosis requiring intermittant transfusions, and showed deletion of a portion of the short arm of chromosome 8 (8p-). Both parents and the sibling were normal and showed no evidence of hemolysis or the deletion. Assays of carbonic anhydrase II, factor VII, thryroglobulin, and glutathione reductase, genes previously assigned to 8p were unremarkable. In order to elucidate the membrane defect, red cell membranes were electrophoresed using 1-D Fairbanks SDS polyacrylamide gels and a modified O'Farrell 2-D technique. Lipids were examined using thin-layer chromatography. Coomasie blue stained 1-D and silver stained 2-D electrophoretograms were normal; in particular members of the ternary binding complex, spectrin (α and β), band 4.1, and actin were normal as were membrane cholesterol and phospholipids. The association between the gene deletion and spherocytosis in the affected family members suggests that a gene for this defect lies on 8p, but does not affect the quantities of membrane proteins conventionally associated with rec cell membrane stability.

Published
1984

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