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The paper presents a novel method for the improvement in the bandwidths by mode merging of the circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna (CPDRA). The results of improved axial-ratio bandwidth and impedance bandwidth is compared with the previous work. In this design, 50 $$\Omega$$ terminator diverts current in such a way that adjacent exited modes get merged. Also the upper order modes are merged to the lower order modes and a significant enhancement is achieved in overlapping bandwidth. The proposed CPDRA provides axial ratio bandwidth of 53.78% (axial ratio

Under what conditions do humans systematically deviate from rational decision making? Here we show that pupillary indices of low neural gain are associated with strong and consistent biases across six different extensively-studied decision making tasks, whereas indices of high gain are associated with weak or absent biases. Lower susceptibility to biases, however, comes at the cost of indecisiveness, or alternatively, prolonged deliberation time. We explain the association between low gain and strong biases as reflecting a broader information integration process that gives greater weight to weak biasing influences. The findings underscore the role of pupil-linked brain states in the generation of decision making biases.Significance“Framing effects” are demonstrations that people’s decisions can be biased by the way a decision problem is presented, and consequently, people can make decisions that violate the principles of rationality. Using a set of classic decision-making tasks, we show that pupil dilation, previously linked to levels of the neuromodulator norepinephrine and to a tradeoff between narrowly focused and broadly integrative modes of information processing, distinguishes between people who are consistently biased and people who are relatively immune to these effects. Our findings suggest that norepinephrine may drive these individual differences, and that a narrowly focused mode of information processing confers relative immunity to these decision making biases, whereas the integration of a wider range of information results in greater susceptibility.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of DTI & MRS complemented by rotatory chair technique in vestibular cortex assessment in vestibulopathy patients with normal brain MRI. Patient & method: The study was carried on 40 persons, 15 control group and 25 study group. Their age ranging from (50â75) years, they all subjected to Conventional MRI, Diffusion tensor imaging and MRS of the right operculum. Results: 5 cases gave very low gain with immeasurable phase and symmetry. They show abnormal MRI finding and were excluded from our study, 20 cases showed low gain with measurable levels of phase & symmetry. 15 cases show high level of asymmetry with DTI results as follow decreased FA in cerebellar peduncle (3 cases) right operculum (7 cases) denoting central affection, 5 cases showed normal DTI making it most probably peripheral vestibular affection variable level of asymmetry were seen in 5 patients, combined decreased FA in cerebellar peduncles & right operculum with thinning of the CST (2 cases), combined decreased FA in cerebellar peduncles & right operculum without thinning of the CST (1 cases), right operculum affection associated with thinning of the CST (2 case). Decreased NAA & NAA/Cr was seen in 5 patients. Conclusion: Combined radiological & audiological examinations are advised for evaluation of the problematic vestibulopathy to differentiate whether the cause is central and/or peripheral injury. Keywords: DTI, Vestibulopathy, Fraction anisotropy

A new gaseous active target based on a time projection chamber, named CAT, is introduced. The remarkable feature is a dual gain THGEM to decrease the effective gain for the beam particles while keeping a high enough effective gain for the recoil particles. The measured effective gain of low gain region was a factor of one hundred smaller than that of high gain region. This technique provides a wide dynamic range in order to detect both the beam and recoil particles at the same time even with a very high intensity beam of more than 105 Hz.

System identification is an important means for obtaining dynamical models for process control applications; experimental testing represents the most time-consuming step in this task. The design of constrained, "plant-friendly" multisine input signals that optimize a geometric discrepancy criterion arising from Weyl's Theorem is examined in this paper. Such signals are meaningful for data-centric estimation methods, where uniform coverage of the output state-space is critical. The usefulness of this problem formulation is demonstrated by applying it to a linear problem example and to the nonlinear, highly interactive distillation column model developed by Weischedel and McAvoy. The optimization problem includes a search for both the Fourier coefficients and phases in the multisine signal, resulting in an uniformly distributed output signal displaying a desirable balance between high and low gain directions. The solution involves very little user intervention (which enhances its practical usefulness) and has great benefits compared to multisine signals that minimize crest factor. The constrained nonlinear optimization problems that are solved represent challenges even for high-performance optimization software.

A neon 633 nm laser with an unstable cavity was made to lase in the negative unstable region. The characteristic parameters were measured. The loss calculated by using both the geometric approach and the diffraction integral is higher than the gain of the gas mixture, it contradicts the experimental results. If the radial dependence of the gain is taken into account then the calculated loss fits the experimental results satisfactorily.

as other studies demonstrated previously. We further showed that the sensitivities of PCs to eye velocity increased after low gain learning while this parameter did not change significantly after high gain learning. The sensitivities of PCs to head velocity, on the other hand, increased after high gain learning but this parameter did not change significantly after low gain learning. In contrast, YNs changed only their sensitivities to head velocity after high gain learning. Using these parameters, we estimated the efficacy of signal transmission from PCs to YNs, and the sensitivities of YNs to the head velocity of nonfloccular origin. The former decreased after low gain learning but it did not change after high gain learning, while the latter increased and decreased after low and high gain learning, respectively. We constructed a model that rus in velocity mode implementing these estimated parameters (Figure 1), and then predicted the efficacy of signal transmission of the non-floccular/non-Y group head velocity pathway that contains position vestibular pause (PVP) neurons. The prediction was made so that the experimentally observed modulations of PCs and YNs, and eye velocity during VOR in the dark can be best-reproduced by the model. We found this pathway increased its efficacy of signal transmission after low gain learning but no change was observed in this parameter after high gain learning. In support of these results, model simulation of flocculectomy demonstrated that the model can reproduce its effect on VOR gains in the normal, low and high gain trained monkeys. References