Search

Chaplains can play a unique and valuable role in the treatment of alcohol dependence, a condition that has physical, psychological, and spiritual dimensions. To best fulfill this role, chaplains need to have a broad understanding of the nature of alcohol problems and current strategies for effectively interacting with individuals who have these problems, especially those with severe problems, and with their families. This article is designed to expand the chaplain’s knowledge about alcohol use disorders as well as evidence-based treatments and to offer recommendations on how chaplains can promote recovery of individuals with alcohol-related problems.

Thin films of Y{sub 1}Ba{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{ital x}} have been prepared on MgO, SrTiO{sub 3}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} substrates by rf magnetron sputtering. A buffer layer of SrTiO{sub 3} was deposited on Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} by flash evaporation. The as-deposited films on MgO and SrTiO{sub 3}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} had an (00{ital l}) orientation whereas the films on Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} were randomly oriented. The lattice parameters along the c-axis for the as-deposited films on MgO and SrTiO{sub 3}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} were longer than the value for bulk crystals and decreased by annealing in oxygen. The critical temperatures ({ital T}{sub {ital c}}) of the superconducting transitions increased with gradual shortening of the {ital c} lattice parameter. These changes in {ital T}{sub {ital c}}'s and {ital c}'s were attributed to the reduction in the concentration of crystal defects formed during sputter deposition. A detailed x-ray diffraction study of YBaCuO on MgO and SrTiO{sub 3}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} was carried out and values for the particle sizes and nonuniform strain were obtained by using an integral breadth method. It was observed that changes in {ital T}{sub {ital c}} were related to the reduction in nonuniform strain. The presence of preferredmore » orientation and grain growth after annealing was also studied. The highest {ital T}{sub {ital c}}'s tended to occur when the (00{ital l}) texture was strongest.« less

The alcoholism treatment service delivery system is described in terms of facility characteristics, funding, and demographics of clientele served. A brief discussion of the "Minnesota Model," the most pervasive therapeutic approach to alcoholism in the United States is then offered. The article concludes with a synopsis of key research findings and current public debate issues which may impact the future delivery of treatment services to alcoholics.

The Institute of Ecotechnics operates its projects in seven countries and on a ship that voyages the tropic oceans, the Mediterranean, and the Amazon. Fourteen associates initially founded the Institute with a capital of US$ 25 000 to make the down payment and start up operations on a badly eroded ranch in New Mexico in 1969, with the purpose of beginning and developing a new discipline; interrelating ecosystems, including man, his cultures, and his technosphere with the evolving biospheric totality on the planet earth. In addition they forwent all pay for the first year, an equivalent of over US$ 200 000. The initial associates included an MBA entrepreneur engineer, an artist, a dancer, the former Head of the Computer Users Consultancy Department of Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, a philosopher, a chemist, a communicat ions technician, a union organizer, and an AIA a rch i t ec t s tuden t of Frank Lloyd Wright and Bruce Goff, and five young 'all-rounders', all ready to commence the endeavor of creating the beginning of the new discipline seen as critical for themselves personally, their society, and for Nature.

The circadian secretion of ACTH and corticosterone was assessed by measuring immunoreactive ACTH concentration in the plasma and ACTH content in the anterior and posterior pituitary over a 30 h period in groups of both male and female rats and comparing these data to fluorometric corticosterone concentration in the plasma and corticosterone content in the adrenal. A circadian rhythm of plasma corticosterone levels and adrenal content was apparent in both males and females with the highest levels at the onset of darkness. In contrast, there was no significant circadian rhythm in plasma ACTH levels or anterior or posterior ACTH pituitary content. Because the ACTH and corticosterone rhythms were dissociated, rhythmic corticosterone secretion is not entirely dependent on ACTH secretion.

Various levels of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) were applied to human volunteers and plasma ACTH and Cortisol levels measured. There were no significant alterations in plasma ACTH and Cortisol concentrations suggesting that LBNP is a mild stressor.

Different materials were investigated for use as diffusion barriers between silicon and yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO). Ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) of 300nm zirconia films at room temperature prevented interdiffusion at sintering temperatures over 800°C. Similar MgO and indium-tin oxide films did not prevent degradation at elevated temperatures. All films deposited on top of YBCO reduced the effects of extended atmospheric exposure.

Thin films of YBaCuO were prepared on MgO and SrTi03/Al2 03 substrates by rf magnetron sputtering. The SrTi03 was deposited onto AI2O3 by flash evaporation. The as‐deposited films on both substrates had an (001) orientation and were superconductors. Annealing the films in O2 improved their crystal 1inity and raised their critical temperatures (Tc). A detailed X‐ray diffraction study of the YBaCuO films was carried out. Values for the particle sizes and nonuniform strains along the c axis were obtained from broadened diffraction lines by using an integral breadth method. It was found that the broadening was mainly caused by nonuniform strain. It was also observed that nonuniform strain decreased as the films were annealed at various temperatures. The Tc's of the films were very sensitive to changes in nonuniform strain.

To delineate the natural progression of cerebral vascular accidents in SCD and to determine the resultant structural and functional defects we investigated 29 patients (27 SS, 2 SC) who sustained strokes. Subarachnoid or intra-cerebral hemorrhage and bone marrow embolism occurred in 9 patients ages 14-35 years. Cerebral infarction occurred in 20 (19 SS, 1 SC) with a modal age of onset of 5 years. We were able to evaluate 14 long term survivors who were observed for a mean period of 9.4 years following the initial stroke. 10 (71%) had 1 or more recurrences with a mean interstroke interval of 28 months. Residual functional impairment was noted in all 14. Computerized axial tomography on 9 showed areas of low density and ventricular dilatation indicating structural brain damage. These patients were not treated with a transfusion program. Their clinical course indicates that evaluation of such therapy requires long periods of observation.