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The normal function of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue ensures whole-body glucose homeostasis. Ca2+ release channel inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1) plays a vital role in regulating diet-induced obesity and disorders, but its functions in peripheral tissue regulating glucose homeostasis remain unexplored. In this study, mice with Ip3r1 specific knockout in skeletal muscle or adipocytes were used for investigating the mediatory role of IP3R1 on whole-body glucose homeostasis under normal or high-fat diet. We reported that IP3R1 expression levels were increased in the white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of diet-induced obese mice. Ip3r1 knockout in skeletal muscle improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of mice on a normal chow diet, but worsened insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice. These changes were associated with the reduced muscle weight and compromised Akt signaling activation. Importantly, Ip3r1 deletion in adipocytes protected mice from diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance, mainly due to the enhanced lipolysis and AMPK signaling pathway in the visceral fat. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that IP3R1 in skeletal muscle and adipocytes exerts divergent effects on systemic glucose homeostasis, and characterizes adipocyte IP3R1 as a promising target for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Although the triple helix model has successfully explained the complex evolution of multi-agent interaction in the innovation ecosystem, further research is still needed to classify and examine the mechanism of micro-innovation systems. Different from previous work, we regard the research institution as an independent innovation unit, and on this basis, we redefine the efficiency of the innovation system from the perspective of the collaboration and spatial relationship among the innovation units. In this way, the innovation system is actually carried out based on the accumulation of knowledge in the innovation unit, on the collaborative efficiency as the driving factor, and on the conditions of economic equilibrium under local resource constraints. The microscopic description of mathematical modeling clarifies the interaction mechanism of innovation units and provides a new angle for evaluating the efficiency of innovation systems. In addition, the model can better understand the evolution direction of innovation systems under the acceleration of changes in the economic and knowledge creation paradigm, and it also provides quantitative ideas for predicting the development of future innovation systems.

To compare the long-term oncological outcome of neoadjuvant chemotherapy before radical surgery (NCRS) and definitive chemoradiotherapy (DR) for stage IB2 and IIA2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma.The clinical outcome of 480 patients with stage IB2 and IIA2 cervical cancer (308 clinical responders, 111 clinical non-responders, 61 unclear) who underwent NCRS (and subgroup assessments) were compared with those of 233 patients who underwent DR.The clinical response rate was 73.5% in the NCRS group. Multivariate COX regression analyses revealed that NCRS was not correlated with the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate (p = 0.067) or disease-free survival (DFS) rate (p = 0.249). In a subgroup of NCRS, the clinical response group was also shown to be a protective independent factor of 5 year OS rate compared to the DR group (aHR, 0.403; 95% CI, 0.209-0.777), but had no correlation with the 5 year DFS rate (p = 0.089). On the other hand, the clinical non-response group had no correlation with the 5 year OS rate (p = 0.780) or DFS rate (p = 0.669).Clinical responders who underwent NCRS exhibited a better oncological outcome compared to those who underwent DR. International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Port, http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/ ; CHiCTR1800017778.

Trans-Eurasian cultural and genetic exchanges have significantly influenced the demographic dynamics of Eurasian populations. The Hexi Corridor, located along the southeastern edge of the Eurasian steppe, served as an important passage of the ancient Silk Road in Northwest China and intensified the transcontinental exchange and interaction between populations on the Central Plain and in Western Eurasia. Historical and archeological records indicate that the Western Eurasian cultural elements were largely brought into North China via this geographical corridor, but there is debate on the extent to which the spread of barley/wheat agriculture into North China and subsequent Bronze Age cultural and technological mixture/shifts were achieved by the movement of people or dissemination of ideas. Here, we presented higher-resolution genome-wide autosomal and uniparental Y/mtDNA SNP or STR data for 599 northwestern Han Chinese individuals and conducted 2 different comprehensive genetic studies among Neolithic-to-present-day Eurasians. Genetic studies based on lower-resolution STR markers via PCA, STRUCTURE, and phylogenetic trees showed that northwestern Han Chinese individuals had increased genetic homogeneity relative to northern Mongolic/Turkic/Tungusic speakers and Tibeto-Burman groups. The genomic signature constructed based on modern/ancient DNA further illustrated that the primary ancestry of the northwestern Han was derived from northern millet farmer ancestors, which was consistent with the hypothesis of Han origin in North China and more recent northwestward population expansion. This was subsequently confirmed via excess shared derived alleles in f3/f4 statistical analyses and by more northern East Asian-related ancestry in the qpAdm/qpGraph models. Interestingly, we identified one western Eurasian admixture signature that was present in northwestern Han but absent from southern Han, with an admixture time dated to approximately 1000 CE (Tang and Song dynasties). Generally, we provided supporting evidence that historic Trans-Eurasian communication was primarily maintained through population movement, not simply cultural diffusion. The observed population dynamics in northwestern Han Chinese not only support the North China origin hypothesis but also reflect the multiple sources of the genetic diversity observed in this population.

The deep population history of East Asia remains poorly understood owing to a lack of ancient DNA data and sparse sampling of present-day people1,2. Here we report genome-wide data from 166 East Asian individuals dating to between 6000 bc and ad 1000 and 46 present-day groups. Hunter-gatherers from Japan, the Amur River Basin, and people of Neolithic and Iron Age Taiwan and the Tibetan Plateau are linked by a deeply splitting lineage that probably reflects a coastal migration during the Late Pleistocene epoch. We also follow expansions during the subsequent Holocene epoch from four regions. First, hunter-gatherers from Mongolia and the Amur River Basin have ancestry shared by individuals who speak Mongolic and Tungusic languages, but do not carry ancestry characteristic of farmers from the West Liao River region (around 3000 bc), which contradicts theories that the expansion of these farmers spread the Mongolic and Tungusic proto-languages. Second, farmers from the Yellow River Basin (around 3000 bc) probably spread Sino-Tibetan languages, as their ancestry dispersed both to Tibet—where it forms approximately 84% of the gene pool in some groups—and to the Central Plain, where it has contributed around 59–84% to modern Han Chinese groups. Third, people from Taiwan from around 1300 bc to ad 800 derived approximately 75% of their ancestry from a lineage that is widespread in modern individuals who speak Austronesian, Tai–Kadai and Austroasiatic languages, and that we hypothesize derives from farmers of the Yangtze River Valley. Ancient people from Taiwan also derived about 25% of their ancestry from a northern lineage that is related to, but different from, farmers of the Yellow River Basin, which suggests an additional north-to-south expansion. Fourth, ancestry from Yamnaya Steppe pastoralists arrived in western Mongolia after around 3000 bc but was displaced by previously established lineages even while it persisted in western China, as would be expected if this ancestry was associated with the spread of proto-Tocharian Indo-European languages. Two later gene flows affected western Mongolia: migrants after around 2000 bc with Yamnaya and European farmer ancestry, and episodic influences of later groups with ancestry from Turan. Genome-wide data from 166 East Asian individuals dating to between 6000 bc and ad 1000 and from 46 present-day groups provide insights into the histories of mixture and migration of human populations in East Asia.

In this work, one 8-shaped metasurface (MS) is proposed, which consists of a square array of 8-shaped conducting patches printed on a grounded dielectric substrate and covered by a top dielectric layer. Because the MS is symmetric with respect to both the x- and y-axes, and the phase difference between the reflection coefficients rxx and ryy is close to + 90° in an ultra-wide frequency band, it can be used as an ultra-wideband linear-to-circular polarization converter. Simulation results show that the MS can realize high-efficiency and ultra-wideband linear-to-circular polarization conversion under both u- and v-polarized incidences; the axial ratio (AR) of the reflected wave is below 3 dB in the ultra-wide frequency band of 6.45–24.20 GHz, which is corresponding to a relative bandwidth of 116%; in addition, the polarization conversion rate (PCR) can be maintained larger than 99.5% in the frequency range of 6.78–23.70 GHz, which occupies 95.3% of the 3 dB-axial-ratio-band. Finally, an experimental verification is carried out, a good agreement between the experimental and simulation results is observed.

The requirement of high-speed and high-precision contouring with NURBS tool path to the CNC machining process is increasing. The calculation of the contouring error (CE) of the NURBS tool path to real time is necessary for the advanced contour control like the cross-coupled controller (CCC). Based on the complexity of the CE calculation of NURBS, most studies use estimating methods to approximate the real CE in the controller. However, when the cutter is at the large curvature zones in the high-speed machining, the difference between the estimated the CE and the real one becomes large. To solve this problem, an algorithm to calculate the exact CE of NURBS tool path to real time is proposed. The calculation model of the CE of NURBS is derived. Also, the numerical calculation algorithm from Brent’s method is given to solve the CE model. Multiple solutions of CE model is discussed and real-time solution tracking method is developed to determine the intervals of the candidate solutions for numerical calculation. Contour error for control (CCE) is proposed for controller design to improve the stability of contour control, which is different from the definition of conventional control error for measurement (MCE). The proposed algorithm is validated for both the simulation and the experiment on the X–Y table. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and the actual CE is reduced significantly compared with other methods.

Electromagnetic wave absorbing materials which are low in cost and light weight are highly desirable, especially if they can be easily manufactured. A special Fe2O3 nanotubes /reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite sponge with a 3D (three dimensional) plus 2D (two dimensional) structure was produced. The Fe2O3 nanotubes /RGO composite sponge exhibits excellent microwave absorption capacity. Different amounts of Fe2O3 nanotubes in the RGO sponge work well in improving absorption effectiveness. Specifically, by using a small amount of Fe2O3 nanotubes, the desired absorption bandwidth gets to 8.7 GHz and obtains the best attenuation property among other samples tested, and with a moderate number of Fe2O3 nanotubes added which exhibits an outstanding degree of impedance matching performance. A large amount of Fe2O3 nanotubes will narrow down the desired absorption bandwidth, but it will enhance the minimum reflection loss. These excellent performances of the composites originate from the altered dielectric constants, scattering parameters and the unique multi-dimensional structure. A good microwave absorber should have a good impedance matching performance with an effective attenuation property at the same time. It can be concluded that having low S11 value is expected to have a good matching performance while S21 value can be a sign of microwave dissipation ability.

Insertion/deletion (Indel) genetic markers have special features compared to other forensic-related markers, such as the low mutation rate and di-allelic markers with length polymorphism, playing an indispensable role in the forensic and population genetics, molecular anthropology and evolutionary biology. However, the genetic diversity, allelic frequency, forensic parameters and population genetic characteristics of the Indel markers in Hmong-Mien-speaking Guizhou Miao people are unclear due to the sparse sampling. Thus, we genotyped 30 forensic-related Indel markers in 311 unrelated healthy Miao individuals (149 females and 161 males) residing in the Guizhou Province in Southwest China using the Investigator DIPplex amplification system. All 30 Indels are in accordance with the no departures of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium. The combined probability of discrimination and the probability of exclusion in Guizhou Miao population are 0.999999999948 and 0.9843, respectively. This observed ideal forensic parameter estimates indicate that this di-allelic Indel panel can be used as a supplementary tool in forensic retinue personal identification and complemented for autosomal STRs in the parentage testing in Miao population, especially used as the main tool in old or highly degraded samples in disaster victim identification. Eleven Indels show a high allele frequency difference between different continental populations and could be used as ancestry-informative markers in forensic ancestry inference. Phylogenetic relationships between Guizhou Miao and 68 worldwide populations based on the genetic polymorphisms of Indels are investigated via three different pairwise genetic distances, principal component analysis, multidimensional scaling analysis and phylogenetic relationship reconstructions. Analyses of the comprehensive population genetic relationship comparison reveal significant genetic differentiation of Chinese groups. Our results demonstrate that Guizhou Miao people are genetically closer related to the geographically adjacent populations, especially with Liangshan Yi, Guangxi Miao and Dong, but genetically distinct with Turkic-speaking populations. Comprehensive and precise genetic admixture and divergence history of Guizhou Miao and neighboring populations are needed to further investigate and reconstruct via high-density marker panel or whole-genome sequencing of modern or ancient Miao samples.

China, inhabited by over 1.3 billion people and known for its genetic, cultural and linguistic diversity, is considered to be indispensable for understanding the association between language families and genetic diversity. In order to get a better understanding of the genetic diversity and forensic characteristics of Tai-Kadai-speaking populations in Southwest China, we genotyped 30 insertion/deletion (InDel) markers and amelogenin in 205 individuals from Tai-Kadai-speaking Bouyei people using the Qiagen Investigator DIPplex amplification kit. We carried out a comprehensive population genetic relationship investigation among 14,303 individuals from 84 worldwide populations based on allele frequency correlation and 4907 genotypes of 30 InDels from 36 populations distributed in all continental or major subregions and seven linguistic phyla in China. Forensic parameters observed show highly polymorphic and informative features for Asians, although the DIPplex kit was developed focusing on Europeans, and indicate that this amplification system is appropriate to forensic personal identification and parentage testing. Patterns of InDel variations revealed by principal components analysis, multidimensional scaling plots, phylogenetic relationship exploration, model-based clustering as well as four pairwise genetic distances (Fst, Nei, Cavalli-Sforza and Reynolds) demonstrate significant genetic differentiation at the continental scale and genetic uniformity in Asia except for Tibeto-Burman and Turkic-speaking populations. Additionally, Tai-Kadai speakers, including Bouyei, Zhuang and Dong, share more genetic ancestry components than with other language speakers, and in general they are genetically very similar to Hmong-Mien-speaking populations. The dataset of Bouyei people generated in the present study is valuable for forensic identification and parentage tests in China.

For filler-polymer systems, the ultimate importance of interfacial interactions between fillers and polymers lies in improving morphological developments and properties of composites. In this work, sepiolite fiber (SEP)/polyoxymethylene (POM) is formulated through melt extrusion processing, with the aim of promoting the crystallization and overall performance of POM. Results show that hydrogen bonding prevails between SEP hydroxyls and POM C-O-C groups. Thus SEP fibers are dispersed uniformly in the POM matrix due to interfacial interactions between these two components. During the isothermal crystallization process, POM nuclei originate and grow on the SEP surface, resulting in decreasing spherulite sizes and facilitating the POM crystallization. Meanwhile, the crystallinity of POM is increased from 48.3% to 54.1% by the addition of 5 wt% SEP. Noteworthily, mechanical and thermostability performances of SEP/POM composites have been improved considerably by means of sufficient interfacial interactions, enhanced crystallization, and favorable physical properties of SEP. Maximum values of the tensile strength and modulus at 3.0 wt% SEP loading can reach 66 MPa and 2022 MPa, respectively higher than those of neat POM.

In this work, an ultra-wideband and high-efficiency reflective polarization converter is proposed based on an orthotropic anisotropic metasurface for both linear and circular polarized waves, which is a symmetric structure with a pair of mutually perpendicular symmetric axes. Both the simulated and measured results show that the polarization converter can realize linear polarization conversion at x- and y-polarized incidences in the frequency range from 8.77 to 24.71 GHz, which is corresponding to a 95.2% relative bandwidth; moreover, it can keep the handedness of the reflected wave the same as that of the incident wave in this band and realize reflection-type circular polarization conversion at circular polarized (CP) incidence. We have explained the root cause of these polarization conversions, and made it clear that it is just the symmetry of the metasurface structure which makes the magnitude of co-polarized reflection coefficient at CP incidence equal to that of the cross-polarized reflection coefficient at x- and y-polarized incidences, thus it is shown that the previously proposed various reflective linear polarization converters based on orthotropic anisotropic metasurfaces can all realize reflection-type circular polarization conversion.

Uncertain friction is a key factor that influences the accuracy of servo system in CNC machine. In this paper, based on the principle of Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC), a control method is proposed, where both the extended state observer (ESO) and the reduced order extended state observer (RESO) are used to estimate and compensate for the disturbance. The authors prove that both approaches ensure high accuracy in theory, and give the criterion for parameters selection. The authors also prove that ADRC with RESO performs better than that with ESO both in disturbance estimation and tracking error. The simulation results on CNC machine show the effectiveness and feasibility of our control approaches.

A wideband transmissive linear-to-circular polarization converter based on an anisotropic metasurface is proposed, which consists of three layers of conductive pattern layers separated by two dielectric layers, each conductive pattern layer consists of a square array of elliptical loop apertures. For the long axis of each loop aperture is tilted 45° from the vertical direction, and it is an orthogonal anisotropic structure with a pair of mutually perpendicular symmetric axes u and v along ± 45° directions with respect to y axis direction. Numerical simulation results show that the polarization converter can realize linear-to-circular polarization conversion at x and y polarized incidences in the frequency range from 10.73 to 16.13 GHz with a relative bandwidth of 40.2%. A detailed analysis for the polarization conversion was presented, and an effective formula was deduced, which can be used to calculate the cross- and co-polarization transmission coefficients at x and y polarized incidences according to the two transmission coefficients at u and v polarized incidences. Finally, one experiment was carried out, and a good agreement was observed between measured and simulated results.

In this paper, the problem of time optimal feedrate generation under confined feedrate, axis accelerations, and axis tracking errors is considered. The main contribution is to reduce the tracking error constraint to constraints about the axis velocities and accelerations, when the tracking error satisfies a second order linear ordinary differential equation. Based on this simplification on the tracking error, the original feedrate generation problem is reduced to a new form which can be efficiently solved with linear programming algorithms. Simulation results are used to validate the methods.

The strain-rate sensitivity of a Mg-10Dy-1Zn (wt pct) alloy containing different long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) phases has been investigated in the strain rate range of 10−3 to 1 s−1 from room temperature to 673 K (400 °C). Both alloys containing 18R-LPSO and 14H-LPSO phases show negative strain-rate sensitivity (–0.02 to –0.01) at intermediate temperatures [423 K to 523 K (150 °C to 250 °C)]. The serration behavior of the Mg-10Dy-1Zn alloy containing 18R-LPSO phase is related to dynamic strain aging. However, the appearance of serrated flow in the Mg-10Dy-1Zn alloy containing 14H-LPSO phase is mostly rooted in the formation of microcracks in \( \left\{ {10\overline{1} 2} \right\} \) planes.

In this paper, a method of reducing the tracking error in CNC machining is proposed. The structured neural network is used to approximate the discontinuous friction in CNC machining, which has jump points and uncertainties. With the estimated nonlinear friction function, the reshaped trajectory can be computed from the desired one by solving a second order ODE such that when the reshaped trajectory is fed into the CNC controller, the output is the desired trajectory and the tracking error is eliminated in certain sense. The proposed reshape method is also shown to be robust with respect to certain parameters of the dynamic system.

This paper presents a cubic spline trajectory generation algorithm that produces continuous position, velocity, and acceleration profiles for CNC machines with confined axis jerk and tracking error. A series of reference knots are connected using cubic spline functions in time t for constructing axis trajectories. They are generated in such a way that continuity up to the second derivative is preserved along the overall composite curve. For CNC machines governed by a typical PID controller, the tracking error is also constrained as well as the velocity, acceleration, and jerk for each axis. The time intervals between each pair of adjacent knots are scheduled such that the machining time is minimized subject to all the constraints. Experiment results are presented to illustrate the application of the algorithm.