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The new compact ICRH antenna (CIA) with low electric field and conjugate-T has been installed in KSTAR. It is essential for studying the effect on the KSTAR plasma of H minority heating as a main ICRH scheme. The TRANSP-TORIC code has been adopted for analyzing the ICRH effect. The calculation using TRANSP-TORIC has been conducted with an additional 1 MW of ICRH power to the KSTAR operation at B0 = 2.0 T. About 75% of the ICRH power has coupled to the H minority heating, and most of the power of H minority heating has contributed to the energy of D majority ions and electrons. The deposited profile of the minority heating power varies with the concentration rate of the H minority ions and shows the possibility of producing energetic particles which appears to the increasing energy of D majority ions. The power of the H minority heating has good coupling to the majority ions in the broad range of 5

Adopting a sociocultural perspective, we construct a case study exploring how a middle school bilingual science teacher reflected and acted when engaged in dialogue, co-teaching, and a newly designed unit on plate tectonics. Sources of data include video of classroom interaction and audio recordings of daily debriefs between the bilingual science teacher and second author. Dialogic reflections between these individuals reveal how the new curriculum, the dialogue, and co-teaching with the second author mediated the teacher’s emerging abilities to think and act in different ways at that sociohistorical moment in time. Based on these findings, we highly encourage professional development experiences to include ongoing dialogic reflection and co-teaching to “shake” teachers’ views and practice. These initial connections can indicate inroads into helping teachers broaden understanding of bilingual science education.

Tension-free inguinal mesh-plug hernioplasty is well established. However, femoral hernia repair remains challenging and controversial. We aimed to evaluate a preperitoneal approach of tension-free hernioplasty for femoral hernia upon the anatomy rationality. A prospective study of 62 patients between October 1999 and June 2011 received femoral hernioplasty in our hospital. This repair method involved a preperitoneal approach accomplished under regional or local anesthesia with mesh and plug; the emphasis was put on fulfilling the abdominal defect, i.e., the myopectineal orifice, with the plug flattened like an “umbrella”, above the femoral ring but not to fill the femoral ring. All cases receiving preperitoneal tension-free hernioplasty had a smooth recovery. There were no severe complications, and no recurrences were detected within a 0.5- to 4-year follow-up. No specific restrictions with regard to activity were placed on the patients after surgery. All cases were able to return to normal life, including work, within 2 weeks. The preperitoneal tension-free hernioplasty may be a more effective method of femoral hernia repair; meanwhile, we must re-understand the anatomy of femoral hernia correctly so as to restore the anatomic and physiologic functions at this region optimally.

The electronic structure of a charge density wave (CDW) system PrTe3 and its modulated structure in the CDW phase have been investigated by employing ARPES, XAS, Pr 4 f RPES, and first-principles band structure calculation. Pr ions are found to be nearly trivalent, supporting the CDW instability in the metallic Te sheets through partial filling. Finite Pr 4 f spectral weight is observed near the Fermi level, suggesting the non-negligible Pr 4 f contribution to the CDW formation through the Pr 4 f -Te 5p hybridization. The two-fold symmetric features in the measured Fermi surface (FS) of PrTe3 are explained by the calculated FS for the assumed 7 × 1 CDW supercell formation in Te sheets. The shadow bands and the corresponding very weak FSs are observed, which originate from both the band folding due to the 3D interaction of Te sheets with neighboring Pr-Te layers and that due to the CDW-induced FS reconstruction. The straight vertical FSs are observed along kz , demonstrating the nearly 2D character for the near-EF states. The observed linear dichroism reveals the in-plane orbital character of the near-EF Te 5p states.

The electronic structures of Co-based potential thermoelectric (TE) oxides, including \(\hbox{Ca}_3\hbox{Co}_4\hbox{O}_9\) and \(\hbox{Bi}_{2}\hbox{Sr}_{2}\hbox{Co}_2\hbox{O}_{y}\) (y = 8 + δ) single crystals and polycrystalline \(\hbox{Ca}_3\hbox{Co}_2\hbox{O}_6\), have been investigated by employing soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and photoemission spectroscopy (PES). Co 2p XAS measurements show that Co ions are nearly trivalent (\(\hbox{Co}^{3+}\)) in all of these Co-based TE oxides with a small mixture of \(\hbox{Co}^{4+}\) ions in \(\hbox{Bi}_{2}\hbox{Sr}_{2}\hbox{Co}_2\hbox{O}_{y}\). Valence-band PES and O 1s XAS measurements show that the occupied Co 3d states are located at the top of the valence bands and that the lowest unoccupied states have the primarily Co 3d character, respectively. These findings suggest the importance of the Co 3d electronic structures in determining TE properties of these Co-based oxides.

2-(Acetylamino)fluorene (AAF), a potent mutagen and a prototypical example of the mutagenic aromatic amines, forms covalent adducts to DNA after metabolic activation in the liver. A benchmark study of AAF is presented using a number of the most widely used molecular mechanics and semiempirical computational methods and models. The results are compared to higher-level quantum calculations and to experimentally obtained crystal structures. Hydrogen bonding between AAF molecules in the crystal phase complicates the direct comparison of gas-phase theoretical calculations with experiment, so Hartree–Fock (HF) and Becke–Perdew (BP) density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used as benchmarks for the semiempirical and molecular mechanics results. Systematic conformer searches and dihedral energy landscapes were carried out for AAF using the SYBYL and MMFF94 molecular mechanics force fields; the AM1, PM3 and MNDO semiempirical quantum mechanics methods; HF using the 3-21G*and 6-31G* basis sets; and DFT using the nonlocal BP functional and double numerical polarization basis sets. MMFF94, AM1, HF and DFT calculations all predict the same planar structures, whereas SYBYL, MNDO and PM3 all predict various nonplanar geometries. The AM1 energy landscape is in substantial agreement with HF and DFT predictions; MMFF94 is qualitatively similar to HF and DFT; and the MNDO, PM3 and SYBYL results are qualitatively different from the HF and DFT results and from each other. These results are attributed to deficiencies in MNDO, PM3 and SYBYL. The MNDO, PM3 and SYBYL models may be unreliable for compounds in which an amide group is immediately adjacent to an aromatic ring.

Isothermal solidification of conventional Cu/Sn diffusional couples was performed to form thin (30 µm) joints consisting of Cu-Sn intermetallics. During initial stages of isothermal solidification, both Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn phases grow, even though the former is the dominant. After consumption of all available Sn, the Cu3Sn phase grows reactively at the expense of Cu and Cu6Sn5. Finally, we obtain solder joints that consist of only Cu3Sn. Indentation fracture-toughness measurements show that Cu3Sn is superior to Cu6Sn5. Furthermore, indentations of Cu3Sn exhibit the presence of shear bands, which are not observed in Cu6Sn5, implying that the former is more ductile than the latter. Ductile intermetallic-based joints formed by isothermal solidification are promising candidates to form thin (as thin as 5–10 µm or less) solder joints, as they are thermally and thermodynamically stable compared to conventional solder joints. Excess copper in the interconnect provides ductility to the interconnect.

The new results on charm from E687 photoproduction experiment are presented. They follow from very high statistic measurents and cover a wide variety of physics items in the charm sector. Charm photoproduction studies, very accurate lifetime measurements, analysis of several semi-leptonic decays and hadronic decays are discussed. Particular attention has been devoted to compare E687 results with other experiments.

Field studies were conducted on the intercropping of ryegrass in autumn planted sugarcane on sandy loam soil at Regional Research Station (PAU), Kheri (Sangrur) during 2000–01 and 2001–02. Cane yield reduced significantly with the sowing of ryegrass as intercrop in sugarcane. However, maximum reduction in cane yield was recorded with the sowing of two rows of ryegrass where double cut was taken for green fodder. The intercropping systems as sugarcane + ryegrass single cut (1:1), sugarcane + ryegrass double cut (1:1) and sugarcane + ryegrass single cut (1:2) gave statistically higher net profit which was of Rs.13904, 4987 and 6338 per hectare more as compared to sole crop of sugarcane. The lowest net profit was observed under the sugarcane + ryegrass double cut (1:2) could be due to the higher competition with the main crop of sugarcane for inputs and natural resources as soil and water. There is need of further research work to find out the fertilizer requirement for sugarcane + ryegrass intercropping because ryegrass response to nitrogen is very high being a high yielding, fast growing and multicut grass.

The use of gaseous discharge for ion plating and related techniques have been well known to improve coating properties in several ways. IN the arc-induced ion plating (AIIP), the ionization efficiency for the evaporants is so enhanced without any introduction of inert gases that the bias voltage for, and the temperature of the substrate are reduced in the preparation of the coatings. Highly transparent (> 90% transmission in the visible range) and highly conductive (resistivity ≅ 1.5 x 10-4 Ω cm) in-oxide films were deposited at a rate of 500 - 900 Å/min by aIIP of pure in in an O2 atmosphere of 10-4 Torr. Hall-effect measurement revealed that the observed low resistivity is due primarily to the excellent electron mobilty (≥ 70 cm2 / V sec) with carrier density up to 7 х 1020/cm3. Electrochromic WO3 films were also prepared and characterized.

We report the photoemission spectra from a high quality thin film sample of Y1Ba2Cu3C7-δ at room temperature and bulk samples of Y1Ba2Cu3C7-δ at different temperatures. The experimental data are interpreted within the configuration interaction model of Anderson Hamiltonian. The experimental values for Δ, U and T are determined. We also give the reasons why we think PES data reflect the intrinsic property of the superconductors. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of the presence of a 3d8-like satellite which signals the strong correlation among 3d electrons.