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Die Corona-Virus-Pandemie stellt die Gesundheitssysteme weltweit vor eine grose Herausforderung. Fur die Urologie gilt es, den Ausbau der Strukturen zur Behandlung der unter COVID-19 („corona virus disease 2019“) leidenden Patienten bestmoglich zu unterstutzen. Gleichzeitig muss es das Ziel sein, eine angemessene gesundheitliche Versorgung von urologischen Notfallen und dringlichen urologischen Behandlungen auch wahrend der Pandemie moglichst zu gewahrleisten. Hierzu mussen Patienten individuell priorisiert, alternative Therapiekonzepte erwogen und regionale und uberregionale Kooperationen genutzt werden. Den Praxen kommt bei der Versorgung, Sichtung und Koordination urologischer Notfalle eine grose Bedeutung zu. Urologische Kliniken mussen sich durch geeignete Masnahmen wie dem Schaffen eines separaten, entsprechend ausgestatteten Notfalloperationssaals darauf vorbereiten, Notfalloperationen und Interventionen an SARS-CoV-2-positiven Patienten („severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2“) durchzufuhren und Hygienemasnahmen zum Schutz der Mitarbeiter festlegen.

Obwohl Untersuchungen an Explantaten wertvolle Informationen zur Ursache des Revisionseingriffs liefern konnen, besteht ein Informationsmangel, der mittels Aufarbeitung von Schaden behoben werden konnte. Im Rahmen des EndoCert-Zertifizierungssystems besteht die Pflicht, bei Auffalligkeiten mit Implantaten diese zu erfassen und zu melden. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, wie sich die Meldebereitschaft im Sinne der Vorgabe in den zertifizierten EndoProthetikZentren entwickelt hat und welches die praferierten und tatsachlich durchgefuhrten Methoden im Umgang mit Explantaten sind. Auf Basis eines Dokumentationsbogens zum Umgang mit Explantaten wurden alle 508 bis zum 01.07.2016 zertifizierten EndoProthetikZentren (EPZ) eingeschlossen (Rucklaufquote = 97,2 %). Einen Algorithmus zum Umgang mit Explantaten haben 93,3 % der EPZ etabliert und 83,0 % der Zentren bevorzugen es, das Explantat an den Patienten auszuhandigen, wahrend nur 25,7 % dieses zu Forschungszwecken im Zentrum belassen wollen. Bei einem potenziellen Vorkommnis als Revisionsursache leiten die EPZ die Explantate bevorzugt zur Schadensanalyse weiter, wobei hier die Zentren fallabhangig unterschiedlich handeln. Ein Implantatbruch wird z. B. in den meisten Fallen ohne zeitliche Begrenzung als meldepflichtiges Vorkommnis gewertet. Hingegen gelten Bruch oder Versagen von Operationsinstrumenten bei mehr als der Halfte der Zentren als nicht meldepflichtig. Es haben sowohl 2014 als auch 2015 insgesamt etwa 71 % der EPZ kein Vorkommnis gemeldet. Laut unserer Umfrage wurden viele Zentren bereits fur einen gewissenhaften Umgang mit Explantaten sensibilisiert. Die Aufbereitung der explantierten Bauteile erfolgt auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise, auch die Einschatzung uber ein meldepflichtiges Vorkommnis zeigt teils grose Unterschiede. In Anbetracht der relativ hohen Anzahl an Wechseloperationen scheint die erfasste Anzahl an Meldungen gering.

Buttonsysteme mit einstellbarer Schlaufenlange finden wegen ihrer komfortablen Anwendung grose Verbreitung. Im hier beschriebenen Fall einer jungen Sportlerin fuhrte eine Kombination aus Weichteilinterponat und Bohrkanalfehllage zu einer akzidentellen Tenodese der Quadrizepssehne. Ein uber 4 Monate bestehendes massives Funktionsdefizit des betroffenen Kniegelenks konnte durch Revision mit Entfernung von Transplantat und Fixierungssytem erfolgreich behandelt werden. Acht Wochen nach Revision konnte eine freie Beweglichkeit des Kniegelenks erzielt werden.

Aim: Zirconium-89 has gained great interest for PET, when imaging at late time points is required. Desferrioxamine B (DFO), is mostly used for this radionuclide as bifunctional chelator (BFC) and w ...

Hintergrund Seit Oktober 2012 steht mit EndoCert als Initiative der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Orthopadie und Orthopadische Chirurgie (DGOOC) das weltweit erste System zur Zertifizierung spezialisierter Endoprothetikzentren zur Verfugung. Vor der Einfuhrung dieses Zertifizierungskonzepts wurden 2 aufeinanderfolgende Pilotphasen mit reprasentativen Versorgungseinrichtungen durchgefuhrt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Pilotphasen werden hier im Hinblick auf qualitatsverbessernde Effekte aufgezeigt.

In 2010 we presented an update of the nuclear quadrupole moments (Q) for the Cd and Zn isotopes, based essentially on straightforward density functional (DF) calculations (H. Haas and J.G. Correia, Hyperfine Interact 198, 133–137 (2010)). It has been apparent for some years that the standard DF procedure obviously fails, however, to reproduce the known electric-field gradient (EFG) for various systems, typical cases being Cu2O, As and Sb, and the solid halogens. Recently a cure for this deficiency has been found in the hybrid DF technique. This method is now applied to solid Cd and Zn, and the resultant quadrupole moments are about 15 % smaller than in our earlier report. Also nuclear systematics, using the recently revised values of Q for the long-lived 11/2 isomers in111Cd to129Cd, together with earlier PAD data for107,109Cd, leads to the same conclusion. In addition, EFG calculations for the cadmium dimethyl molecule further support the new values: Q(111Cd, 5/2+) = .683(20) b, Q(67Zn, gs) = .132(5) b. This implies, that the value for the atomic EFG in the $^{3}\textit {P}_{1}$ state of Zn must be revised, as it has been for Cd.

Levetiracetam (LEV) is increasingly used in the treatment of neonatal seizures. The aim of this study was to determine pharmacokinetics in neonates with seizures and to obtain preliminary safety and efficacy data.Eighteen term neonates with seizures persisting after 20 mg/kg of phenobarbital received intravenous LEV for 1 wk. LEV was administered as a 20 or 40 mg/kg bolus followed by 5-10 mg/kg/d. Pharmacokinetic data were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed-effects population approach. Continuous electroencephalogram monitoring allowed preliminary assessment of the efficacy of LEV in this population.LEV clearance (CL) increased from a mean of 0.7 ml/min/kg (SD 0.27 ml/min/kg) on day 1 to 1.33 ml/min/kg (SD 0.35 ml/min/kg) by day 7. Mean half-life was 18.5 h (SD 7.1 h) on day 1 of the study and decreased to 9.1 h (SD 2.0 h) by day 7. The mean volume of distribution was 1.01 l/kg (SD 0.13 l/kg). No study-related serious adverse events were observed.CL of LEV in neonates was higher than expected on the basis of immature renal function in term infants and increased significantly during the first week of life. More frequent dosing of LEV is needed in term infants to maintain serum concentrations in the range seen in children and adults.

We present a case of severe congestive left heart failure due to profound and long-term hypocalcemia caused by surgically induced hypoparathyroidism. Hypocalcemia as a potential contributor to heart failure should be included in the differential diagnosis of all patients with congestive heart failure who do not respond adequately to the usual treatment. By rapid correction of the serum calcium level unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic measures might be avoided. In addition, being aware of and treating hypocalcemia is crucial since this kind of heart failure is completely reversible with calcium and vitamin D treatment. The pivotal role of calcium in molecular and cellular biology is well known, but its clinical importance in day-to-day practice is often underestimated. Although some cases of heart failure resulting from hypocalcemia secondary to hypoparathyroidism have been published in the last 20 years, this subject is still poorly documented in almost all current textbooks.

The nuclear quadrupole moments of 111*Cd (245 keV state) and 67Zn were determined from the quadrupole coupling constants and lattice parameters of the metals at low temperature. The required electric field gradients were obtained with density functional calculations employing the WIEN2k code. The resultant numbers, 0.765(15) and 0.151(4) b, are in line with the previously used values but considerably more precise. Calculations for various other solids confirm the results, with less accuracy, however.

The electric field gradients (EFG) at the impurities Ni–Kr and Pd–Xe in the hcp metals Zn and Cd were calculated with the density functional code WIEN2k. Supercells with up to 150 atoms were used, resulting in a very good description of the available experimental data. Typical errors are 5–10%, with exceptions for Ag and Sb in Zn and for I in Zn and Cd, where a remeasurement is urged. The previously proposed systematic trend with positive EFG values for the first five impurity elements in every series and negative ones for the last three is confirmed.

The nuclear quadrupole interaction in the molecular solids Cl2, Br2 and I2 is reanalyzed with the help of density functional calculations. Though the present formalism overestimates the intermolecular interaction responsible for the solid–gas frequency shift and the asymmetry parameter η, a consistent picture is derived by appropriate corrections. The published experimental values of η for Cl2 and Br2 are found to be in error.

The electric field gradients at Cu in various binary and ternary Cu2+ oxides and halides, including several antiferromagnetic parent compounds of high-Tc superconductors, have been calculated with the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. The data from NOR are very well reproduced with the inclusion of Coulomb-correlation corrections (U). Not even an approximate agreement is obtained without U. Also many other properties of the 14 solids investigated are well accounted for.

The nuclear quadrupole interaction of 204mPb in lead oxides has been measured by γ–γ time differential perturbed angular correlation. Ab-initio calculations of the electric field gradients and X-ray diffraction allowed the assignment of the detected nuclear quadrupole interactions to the different Pb sites in the PbO phases litharge and massicote as well as in Pb3O4. The TDPAC probe 204mPb was produced with a 204Bi/204mPb-generator at the home laboratory at the University of Leipzig. The use of a high performance liquid chromatography system increased significantly the yield, the specific activity of 204mPb, and reduced the acidic concentration of the eluate.

Fragestellung. In der vorliegenden Studie werden das Operationsrisiko und die funktionelle Wertigkeit der bipolaren Hemiendoprothese mit der Totalendoprothese bei alteren Patienten mit Schenkelhalsfraktur verglichen.

The understanding of magnetic hyperfine fields (B hf) at impurity nuclei in magnetic materials has been a central problem in nuclear solid state physics for the last decades. Recent progress in density functional calculations has enabled a virtually quantitative description ofB hf at substitutional impurities in iron with the supercell approach. The present calculations were performed in an equivalent manner for the sp elements Fe-Kr, Ru-Xe, and Os-Rn in the other two simple ferromagnetic matrices, Co and Ni. The used M15X cell in optimized geometry allows for volume expansion and nearest neighbor relaxation. For Co the experimentalB hf data are quite well reproduced, though there are some remaining discrepancies at the end of the series. For Ni the qualitative trends are also accounted for, but the quantitative agreement is not satisfactory. Increasing the supercell size to Ni127X for the 5sp impurities does not lead to much better results.

Zu Beginn der transvenosen Schrittmachertherapie wurde fur die Sondenimplantation regelmasig ein Zugang uber die V. jugularis externa oder als Alternative uber die V. jugularis interna gewahlt. Beide Zugangswege wurden wegen haufiger Spatkomplikationen verlassen. In den meisten Implantationszentren hat sich daraufhin die Implantation uber die V. cephalica als Standard etabliert. Als Alternative wurde erstmals 1975 von Sterz et al. die Punktion der V. subclavia nach der Seldinger-Methode als Zugangsweg zur Sondenimplantation vorgestellt. Die damals verwendeten Schleusen mussten zur Entfernung uber der Schrittmachersonde geschlitzt werden. Erst seit 1980 sind „peel-away” Schleusen kommerziell verfugbar. Seitdem setzten wir konsequent diese Technik zur Einfuhrung der Stimulationselektroden bei Einkammer- und Zweikammerschrittmachern ein. Im Verlauf der letzten 7 Jahre lag der Anteil von Implantationen uber die Vena cephalica konstant bei nur 1,5%–2% und Jugularvenen konnten komplett vermieden werden. Durch die routinemasige Subclavia-Punktion erreichten wir eine prozedurale Optimierung, die sich in einer erheblichen Reduktion der Implantationszeit (Beginn der Lokalanasthesie bis Hautnaht), Durchleuchtungszeit und Komplikationsrate belegen lasst. Im Jahr 2000 betrugen bei 52 Einkammerschrittmachern die durchschnittliche: Durchleuchtungszeit 1,5 (0,3–9,3) min, die Strahlendosis 4,5 (0,1–47) Gycm2 und die Implantationszeit 17,6 (8–40) min. Durchschnittswerte bei 144 Zweikammerschrittmachern: Durchleuchtungszeit 2,86 (0,7–6,6) min, Dosis 8,31 (0,7–28) Gycm2, Implantationszeit 21,25 (10–45) min. Als Komplikationen zeigten sich gelegentliche, aber klinisch nicht relevante arterielle Fehlpunktionen. Nervenlasionen oder Pneumothoraces mit Notwendigkeit fur eine Drainage wurden im oben erwahnten Zeitraum nicht beobachtet. In den letzten 7 Jahre kam es zu keiner Fruh- oder Spatthrombose der V. subclavia. Fazit: Der primare V. subclavia-Zugang zur Sondenimplantation hat bei geringem Gesamtrisiko zu einer erheblichen Verkurzung der gesamten Prozedur der Schrittmacherimplantation gefuhrt.

Electronic band structure calculations for the CeIn3 compound utilizing the full potential linearized augmented plane waves method were performed with the aim to compute the hyperfine fields acting on Ce and In atoms. The latter are found to be in reasonable agreement with the values measured at low temperatures. The 4f orbital contribution dominates the magnetic hyperfine field at Ce ions while the contact field is negligible due to an almost complete cancellation of valence and core contributions. A non-zero magnetic hyperfine field appears at In sites due to the spin-polarization of the 5p sub-shells through the hybridization with the extended 6s, 6p and 5d Ce states which, in turn, are spin-polarized by the Ce 4f states. No net magnetic moment at In is observed since the sum of its 5p sub-shell spins is zero. The 5p shell of In is responsible for the presence of an electric field gradient at In nuclei.

The magnetic hyperfine fields Bhf for the 4d and 5sp elements Rb through Xe at the substitutional site in ferromagnetic iron were derived from scalar-relativistic ab-initio FLAPW calculations for Fe15X supercells with a gradient-corrected density functional. Lattice relaxation and volume expansion were calculated self-consistently. The Bhf values for all cases except Rb and Sr are in excellent agreement with the experimental results.

The magnetic hyperfine field Bhf for Cd in the Heusler alloy Pd2MnSn at the site of chemically introduced Ag has been investigated by PAC following the β− decay of 111Ag. Sign and temperature dependence of Bhf have been determined. Comparison of the result Bhf(T=0)=+8.0(1) T with earlier data and ab-initio band structure calculations leads to the conclusion that the Ag activity has been incorporated at the Mn site.

X-ray absorption spectroscopy has been used to obtain information on the local structure around Zn atoms in CdTe. The Zn–Te distance is 5% smaller than the Cd–Te bond-length in the bulk, but slightly larger than in pure ZnTe. A similar effect is predicted by FLAPW calculations.

Systematic calculations of the electric field gradient V zz with the FLAPW code WIEN97 have been performed for the metal diborides MB2 (M = Mg–Al, Sc–Fe, Y–Mo, Lu–W) with the hexagonal C32 structure, where with knowledge of the lattice constants a, c all atomic positions are fixed. For V zz (B) good agreement with the experimental result is found in all cases. The case of the recently discovered superconductor MgB2 is discussed as representative example.

We used a passive avoidance to active avoidance negative transfer design to investigate the context- and dose-dependent effects of glucose on reactivated memories in rats. Memory reactivation consisted of reexposing rats 24 h after passive avoidance training to contextual and learning cues that had been present during training. Immediate postreactivation glucose administration was followed 24 h later by active avoidance (discrimination reversal) training. The memory reactivation treatments were designed to reactivate the rats’ memories with different degrees of fidelity. We found a direct relationship between the effectiveness of the memory reactivation treatment and the further enhancement of memory by postreactivation administration of glucose (100 mg/kg). In another experiment, we found that changes in memory strengthening or retrievability were both dose (glucose: 100, 320, or 1,000 mg/kg) and reactivation context dependent. Our results demonstrate that modulation of a reactivated memory or second experience is the combined effect of both an exogenous environmental context-dependent and an endogenous glucose-dependent memory-modulating system.

We report here on an ongoing experimental program initiated at the ISOLDE facility at CERN for the measurement of magnetic moments of short-lived radionuclides, with the emphasis on magnetic moments of mirror nuclei in far-from-stability regions. The nuclei are polarized by the tilted foil technique and the resulting 0–180○ βasymmetry is monitored as a function of rf frequency applied in an NMR setup. In order to achieve sufficiently high energy for transmission through the foils, the experimental setup is mounted on a high voltage platform. The first experiment in this program was the measurement of the βasymmetry and the NMR resonance for the ground state of 23Mg (I=3/2, T1/2=11.3 s), yielding μ=−0.533(6) nm. Improvements to the experimental setup are presently being designed, to be used in conjunction with the new developments at ISOLDE for obtaining high charge-state ions from the EBIS (REX-ISOLDE) ion source. This will help pave the way for measurements of magnetic moments of T=3/2 nuclei in the s–d shell and of T=1/2 f-shell nuclei. The study of relaxation times and other solid-state phenomena in semiconductors and other materials of interest using this technique is also contemplated.

The results obtained from the investigation of the nuclear quadrupole interaction in metals, mostly at impurities, are reviewed. Examples of the experimental work are primarily taken from studies at ISOLDE/CERN. For the determination of the nuclear quadrupole moments Q, necessary to extract the electric field gradients from the measured coupling constants, various methods have been employed. Band structure calculations both for pure systems and also for impurities have been performed with the FLAPW density functional method. The theoretical understanding achieved for sp-impurities in simple noncubic metals is described.

The variation of the electric field gradient (EFG) at nuclear sites with pressure in semimetallic arsenic and antimony has been calculated using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method. The results are compared with NQR data, which are available up to a pressure of 2 GPa. The calculated EFG depends sensitively on the values of the lattice parameters used. A theoretical investigation of the relationship between c/a and the internal parameter z, using FLAPW methods, has been carried out and compared with available X-ray diffraction data for arsenic and antimony. For antimony, the FLAPW calculations give results which are consistent with the experimental pressure variation of both the lattice parameters and the EFG. In the As case, the use of theoretical values of z leads to good agreement with the measured pressure variation of the EFG.

The efg at V, Nb and Ta in all existing binary alloys with A15 structure has been calculated with the FLAPW technique. It is generally a result of counteracting p- and d-contributions from the conduction band, with a significant effect also of semicore states. For virtually all V and Nb compounds where experimental data are available, these are well reproduced, with the exception of Nb3Sb. A critical test would be a measurement of the quadrupole interaction in the Ta alloys.

In der vorliegenden Studie wird die Entwicklung der Osteochondrosis dissecans (OD) im Bereich 2er haufiger Lokalisationen, an den Femurkondylen des Kniegelenks und der Talusrolle des oberen Sprunggelenks, einerseits nach konservativer Therapie (40 Patienten) und andererseits nach operativer, arthroskopischer Therapie (72 Patienten) im mittelfristigen Verlauf gepruft und miteinander verglichen. Als Beurteilungskriterium wurde die MRT herangezogen, die eine enge Korrelation mit den arthroskopischen Stadien der OD aufweist. Die Stadieneinteilung in der MRT erfolgte anhand der Morphologie des sog. Grenzsaums, d. h. der Zone zwischen osteochondralem Herd und Mausbett, in der T 1 - und T 2 -gewichteten Spinechosequenz. Wesentliche Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Behandlungsgruppen bezuglich der Darstellung in der MRT zeigten sich im mittelfristigen Verlauf (18 bzw. 24 Monate) nicht. In der Mehrzahl der Falle, (> 60%) blieb der kernspintomographische Befund trotz der durchgefuhrten Therapie unverandert. Die arthroskopische Behandlung fuhrte, im Vergleich zur konservativen Therapie, in einem geringfugig hoheren Prozentsatz (36% im Vergleich zu 30%) zu einer kernspintomographisch nachgewiesenen Reintegration im Sinn eines upgradings, sie konnte eine Desintegration der OD jedoch nicht in allen Fallen verhindern (4%). In beiden Behandlungsgruppen nahm das Lebensalter Einflus auf den Verlauf der OD mit gunstigeren Verlaufen bei der juvenilen als bei der adulten Form.

When aligning the human amelogenin X (AmelX)-gene with the human amelogenin Y (AmelY)-gene, 19 regions of absolute homology ranging in size from 22 to 80 bp, 5 deletions located on AmelX from 1 to 6 bp and 5 deletions 1–183 bp long located on AmelY can be observed. The regions of absolute homology are used to design primer sets which span deletions of the X- and/ or Y-chromosome. The PCR products generated on the X- and Y-homologues differ in size. New regions of deletions and newly designed primers are described to facilitate the integration of the amelogenin sex test into multiplex PCR reactions.

A theoretical approach for the calculation of hyperfine parameters in solids from first principles is presented. These calculations are based on the full potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave (LAPW) band structure method, which is currently one of the most accurate schemes to determine the electronic structure in ordered solids. Exchange and correlation is treated within density functional theory using the generalized gradient approximation. Once the electron density is calculated self-consistently with high accuracy, quantities like electric field gradients (EFG), isomer shifts or hyperfine fields can easily be obtained from this density without further approximations. Using this approach we have studied various systems including metals, insulators, ionic compounds or the highT c superconductors. In general we find good agreement between theory and experiment, which proves that our method is very accurate. Having these results in mind we are confident that this method is accurate enough to determine the value of the nuclear quadrupole momentQ, provided experimental measurements of the quadrupole coupling constant are available. This procedure is demonstrated forQ of77Se and100Rh, two nuclei recently used in PAC measurements. An extensive study of EFGs at Fe sites in various Fe-compounds has been performed leading to a very reliable quadrupole moment ofQ(57Fe)=0.16 b, a value twice as large as that deduced from recent HF calculations but back to older estimates.

Recently it has been shown that intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations suppress the in vitro synthesis of IgG, IgA, and IgM. In this paper we demonstrate that IVIG and IgG purified from a single donor's serum also suppress the in vitro synthesis of IgE. We had noticed this effect when we added human serum (HS) to in vitro cultures for IgE synthesis. The interleukin-4 (IL-4)-induced IgE synthesis from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the presence of fetal calf serum (FCS) was suppressed by HS in a dose-dependent fashion. The following results indicate that this suppression is mediated by IgG: (1) IVIG preparations, which consist mainly of IgG, suppressed the IgE synthesis from IL-4-stimulated PBMC in a dose-dependent way; (2) when HS was fractionated by protein G sepharose or anti-IgG sepharose, the eluate fractions (containing IgG), but not the effluent fractions (void of IgG) suppressed IgE synthesis, whereas the opposite was found when HS was fractionated by FCS-coupled sepharose. We conclude from these data that human IgG preparations suppress the in vitro synthesis not only of the IgG, IgA, and IgM isotypes, but also of the IgE isotype.

For a program of surface and interface experiments with the PAC isotope100Pd, a procedure has been developed to chemically separate100Pd from irradiated rhodium and deposit it on surfaces by evaporation under UHV conditions. First results have been obtained for100Pd on an Ni(111) surface.

Nuclear methods using radiation detection are very well suited for surface and interface investigations, since they generally require only a small number of radioactive probe nuclei. Virtually isolated probe atoms can be investigated. The use of an isotope separator to solve the central problem in the application of radioactive atoms for the study of surfaces, the clean deposition of the probe nuclei, is described. First physics experiments include studies of desorption isochrones and characterization of adatom sites on flat and vicinal surfaces by PAC. A particularly complete picture could be obtained for Cd and In on the Pd(111) surface, where five different sites successively populated in the surface diffusion process were observed. Other nuclear methods suitable for a future extension of the surface investigations, such as Mossbauer spectroscopy, decay recoil angular distribution and emission channeling, are briefly discussed.

Long lens electron spectrometers were used to make electron-gamma and electron-electron PAC measurements for the 5/2+ 13.3 keV state of73Ge. Sources of73As were produced in the decay of73Se implanted at the CERN/ISOLDE facility. The magnetic interaction in nickel was determined as ωL=74.2(7) Mrad s−1 and the quadrupolar frequency in antimony asvQ=19.7(2) MHz. The nuclear moments derived are μ=−1.08(3) μN and |Q|=0.70(8) b.

The hyperfine field of NaFe has been measured using Low Temperature Nuclear Orientation of cold implanted24Na. The combination of both the γ-and β-anisotropies yields information on the implantation fraction of Na in Fe. Furthermore, an, upper limit for the relaxation time of Na in Fe could be deduced.

Radiation-detected optical pumping in solids has been developed to investigate the structure of unstable nuclei. Appreciable nuclear polarization of implanted or doped unstable-nuclei in a host crystal is achieved with the optical pumping in solids. The nuclear polarization achieved is enhanced/reduced by applying a radio-frequency magnetic field together with the optical pumping, radiation-detected magnetic resonance being thus observed to get information on electromagnetic properties of unstable nuclei. Two schemes have been successfully developed for the optical pumping of unstable nuclei in solids. One is to directly pump the atoms by the excitation from the ground state to a broad absorption band in visible and UV regions which shows a large magnetic circular dichroism. This scheme is applicable to many rare-earth atoms in alkaline-earth fluoride host. The other scheme is to pump the electrons in the conduction band of direct-type semiconductor and thus indirectly polarize the nuclei in the host material via a hyperfine interaction between the nuclei and the polarized conduction electrons. This scheme can be especially applied to the III to VI families of atoms in direct-type semiconductors. Principle of the methods, on-line experimental system, and a few examples of the results obtained so far are presented and discussed.

The neutron-deficient nuclei100,101Cd were identified for the first time in — beam following the reactions58Ni +46,48Ti and58Ni +50Cr at 230 MeV and 245 MeV bombarding energy of the58Ni beams. Theγ-decay of the isotopes100,101,102Cd was studied inpγ, ppγ,nγ, nnγ, andnγγ prompt and delayed coincidence spectra. Isomers were found with spin and half life {ie1-01}=8+, T1/2=52(5) ns in100Cd, {ie1-02}=(19/2+), T1/2=4.6(4) ns in101Cd and {ie1-03}=8+, T1/2=56(4) ns in102Cd. In a PAD experiment theg-factor of the {ie1-04}=8+ isomer in100Cd was measured to be g=1.24(6). Using the reaction36Ar +70Ge at 135 MeV energy of the36Ar beam, theg-factor and the quadrupole moment of the {ie1-05}=8+ isomer in102Cd were measured to be g=1.29(3) and Q=87(10) fm2, respectively. The spectroscopic results are discussed within a shell model approach using a100Sn core, which accounts well for the electromagnetic properties of the proton aligned isomers. The structure of the spherical neutron states, dominated by the close lying vd5/2, g7/2 orbitals, and the gradually developing quadrupole collectivity are reproduced by the shell model calculations.

Crown gall was previously reported on grape in Israel but the pathogen was not isolated and characterized. The three recognized biovars ofAgrobacterium tumefaciens can be tumorigenic on grape, but biovar 3 is the most important world wide. A single occurrence of tumors in a vineyard yielded bacteria which incited galls on grape,Nicotiana glauca and tomato, but not on bryophyllum. The bacteria were confirmed asA. tumefaciens because they contained DNA which hybridized with T-DNA from a Ti plasmid. Biochemical and physiological tests, octopine production and utilization, and agrocin 84 insensitivity conformed with those of bv. 3. Subsequent occurrences of the grape disease have not been found, but the presence ofA. tumefaciens bv. 3 in Israel is a potential threat to nurseries and vineyards.

In einer experimentellen Studie an Spongiosazylindern von Schlachtschweinen wurde der Einflus verschiedener Sterilisationsmethoden auf die biomechanischen Eigenschaften des behandelten Knochens untersucht. Die Temperaturbehandlung ergab bei 100°C eine Reduktion der Stabilitat auf zirka 60%, bei Autoklavierung mit 134°C wurde sie auf Werte zwischen 13% und 25% der Ausgangswerte herabgesetzt. Eine Behandlung bei 60°C fuhrte zu keinem Stabilitatsverlust; bei 80°C sind die Ergebnisse nicht bei allen Mesparametern statistisch eindeutig. Die Bestrahlung mit 25 kGy reduzierte die Festigkeit auf zirka 65% des Kontrollwertes, geringere Dosen fuhrten zu keiner signifikanten Reduktion der Stabilitat. Die klinische Anwendung der verschiedenen Sterilisationsverfahren sollte aus biomechanischer Sicht die unterschiedlichen Anforderungen an die Festigkeit der sterilisierten Transplantate berucksichtigen.

Soils from avocado (Persea americana Mill.) orchards in Israel (IS) and California (CA), both sites with a Mediterranean climate, were sampled and analyzed for the species and quantities of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (VAMF) spores in them, and for soil physical and chemical characteristics.

Excited states in97Ag have been identified for the first time following the reactions46Ti(58Ni,α p 2n and64Zn(36Ar,p 2n. The population cross sections were 1.0(5) mb and 0.7(3) mb, respectively. Theγ-decay of the seniorityΝ=3 states below theI π=(17/2−) and (21/2+) isomers was investigated. In a search for short lived isomers half lives oft 1/2=5(2) ns and 2.5(5) ns were found in theN=50 isotones97Ag,I π=(17/2−) and/or (21/2+) and95Rh,I π=(21/2+). A new isomer was identified in97Pd,I π=17/2+ witht 1/2=2.3(5) ns. The implication of the three-proton hole spectrum in100Sn for the empirical residual interaction and shell model predictions is discussed.

PAC measurements of the electric field gradient at the nucleus of isolated probe atoms on Pd(111) surfaces lead to the identification of five adsorption sites successively occupied by the parents111In and111mCd during annealing between 80K and 600K. The data are consistent with an estimated activation energy for Pd surface self diffusion of Ea=0.76(8)eV.