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Background Single coronary artery (SCA) is a rare anomaly, usually diagnosed incidentally during coronary artery angiogram. Individuals with this anomaly mostly remain asymptomatic while some present with symptoms such as chest pain, dyspnoea and even sudden death. The origin and the proximal course of anomalous coronary artery are the main prognostic factors. Several classification systems have been proposed based on the site of origin and anatomical distribution of anomalous artery. Coronary computed tomography angiography has become the reference method for such an assessment noninvasively. Herein, we report a series of two cases of SCA diagnosed on CT angiography. In one case it was single left coronary artery associated with other congenital cardiac anomalies, whereas in other it was single right coronary artery and was an isolated anomaly. Case presentation Our first case was of a 19-year-old female who presented with chest pain and dyspnoea. Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) features were suggestive of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with infective endocarditis. Cardiac CT angiography revealed the presence of a large SCA arising from left aortic sinus with absence of normal origin of right coronary artery (RCA). This artery was dividing into and supplying different coronary arterial territories with pre-pulmonic course of RCA. The patient underwent Aortic valve replacement with pulmonary Commissurotomy and improved in post-operative period. Our second case was of a 50-year-old man with complaints of breathlessness and normal ECG and Echocardiography examination findings. Coronary CT angiography revealed the presence of SCA arising from right aortic sinus and supplying the territories of both RCA and Left coronary artery (LCA). The patient was managed conservatively with emphasis on aggressive control of risk factors. Conclusions SCA is a rare anomaly and may lead to catastrophic life threatening complications. The accurate delineation of the origin and course of the anomalous vessel is of paramount importance while planning surgical intervention. Management usually involves a multi-disciplinary approach with cardiologists and cardiac surgeons aiming for deciding an individual plan based on presentation and anatomy of each case.

In this paper, the experimental analysis of two types of corrugated plate solar collector (CPSC) using water as working fluid has been done. Two similar designs and dimensions of CPSC but different materials of absorber plates have been investigated, the collector1 is copper and collector 2 is aluminium. The performance of energy, exergy and total heat loss coefficient of CPSC were analysed and compared. Thermal performance of CPSC depends on many parameters such as outlet collector temperature, absorber plate temperature, temperature difference, inlet collector temperature, atmospheric temperature, mass flow rate (MFR), solar radiation, wind speed and absorber plate material. The three MFR values of 0.0167 kg/s, 0.025 kg/s and 0.033 kg/s were considered in this experimental setup. The thermal performances of these two types of solar collectors were investigated. Also, a comparison between the performance of these two types of solar collector at various MFR was done. Experimental results show that the use of copper-based CPSC could improve the thermal efficiency compared to the use of aluminium based CPSC. The maximum energy and exergy of copper and aluminium based CPSC was found at MFR 0.033 kg/s. Results show that as the water MFR is increased from 0.0167 kg/s to 0.033 kg/s, the thermal efficiency of collector made of copper and aluminium increases.

The purpose of the present study was to study the synergy potential of gallic acid-based derivatives in combination with conventional antibiotics using multidrug resistant cultures of Escherichia coli. Gallic acid-based derivatives significantly reduced the MIC of tetracycline against multidrug resistant clinical isolate of E. coli. The best representative, 3-(3',4,'5'-trimethoxyphenyl)-4,5,6-trimethoxyindanone-1, an indanone derivative of gallic acid, was observed to inhibit ethidium bromide efflux and ATPase which was also supported by in silico docking. This derivative extended the post-antibiotic effect and decreased the mutation prevention concentration of tetracycline. This derivative in combination with TET was able to reduce the concentration of TNFα up to 18-fold in Swiss albino mice. This derivative was nontoxic and well tolerated up to 300 mg/kg dose in subacute oral toxicity study in mice. This is the first report of gallic acid-based indanone derivative as drug resistance reversal agent acting through ATP-dependent efflux pump inhibition.

Coronary artery anomalies include those of origin, termination, structure or course. Coronary artery fistulae are classified as abnormalities of termination and are usually small, asymptomatic and clinically undetectable until echocardiography (ECHO) or coronary angiography is performed for an unrelated cause. Haemodynamic compromise is not a routine feature; however, larger fistulae of at least three times the calibre of coronary artery may cause symptoms of left to right shunt with cardiac failure and coronary steal phenomenon. With the advent of multidetector computerized tomography (MDCT), such conditions can be demonstrated clearly because of the inherent high resolution and multiplanar reformations. Herein we present a rare congenital anomaly in the form of an aneurysmal sinoatrial nodal artery taking a separate origin from aorta from right coronary sinus continuing as a coronary-cameral fistula draining into the right atrium. This was diagnosed and exquisitely depicted by multi-detector computed tomography MDCT.

The essential oil of Vetiveria zizanioides showed significant antimycobacterial activity against the drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis, which on activity guided fractionation afforded four bioactive fractions Vz-2, Vz-7, Vz-8, and Vz-9. Further purification of these bioactive fractions over preparative thin layer chromatographic resulted in the characterization of six compounds: 5, 10-pentadecadiyn-1-ol (1), α-curcumene (3), hydroxy junipene (4), (+) cycloisosativene (5), valencine (6), and selino 3,7 (11)-diene (7). All these compounds showed significant antimycobacterial activity against the drug-resistant strains (MDR-R and MDR-40) of M. smegmatis and their MIC was in the range of 31.25–62.5 μg/ml. These results may be of great help in antimycobacterial drug development from a very common, inexpensive, and non toxic natural product.