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Objective Impaired health conditions and related lack of adequate host healing are among the most important conditions that account for dental implant failure. Today clinicians face an increasing number of immunocompromised patients requesting implant-based rehabilitation. To provide clinical evidence for prospective decision-making, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyse the influence of immunodeficiency on dental implant survival. Methods The study was conducted according to the PRISMA Statement and the principles of the Cochrane Collaboration. MEDLINE and Web of Science were searched. Results were calculated by the pooled incidence of implant loss. Reported odds ratios (OR) from fully adjusted models were preferred. Distinct risk estimates were synthesised with 95% confidence intervals. Results A total of 62 publications including 1751 endosseous implants placed in immunocompromised patients were included. For the follow-up of 24 months and longer, the mean survival rate of implants in patients with HIV was 93.1%, chemotherapy was 98.8%, autoimmune disease was 88.75%, after organ transplantation was 100%. Crohn’s disease showed a significant effect on early implant failure and resulted in increased, however not significant, implant loss. Conclusion No significant effect of immunocompromised conditions on implant survival was detectable. Implant-based therapy in immunocompromised patients should not aggravate the general morbidity and must not interfere in life-saving therapies. A careful risk stratification prior implant therapy is fundamental. To further decipher the role of immunosuppression on dental implantology, more data from controlled and randomised studies are needed.

Eine wichtige Voraussetzung zur Verbesserung von Operationsergebnissen ist die direkte intraoperative Kontrolle der chirurgischen Intervention durch geeignete Bildgebungsverfahren mit der Moglichkeit einer unmittelbaren Korrektur. Die digitale Volumentomographie (DVT), die Endoskopie sowie intraoperative Navigationssysteme verringern die Rate an notwendigen Zweiteingriffen. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt aktuelle intraoperative Qualitatssicherungsmasnahmen in der Frakturversorgung und bei der Tumorbehandlung in der Kopf-Hals-Chirurgie.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term survival rate and potential influencing factors of dental implants and implant-retained prostheses in oral cancer patients who had undergone surgical tumor resection. In the present study, 157 patients (95 females and 62 males with a mean age of 53.7 years) with 830 implants were included. All patients were diagnosed with a malignant tumor in the oral cavity and had undergone ablative surgery. In 55 patients (292 implants), the surgical procedure was followed by an additional radiochemotherapy (RCT) before implant placement. Nicotine users who received RCT were excluded from this study. Patients were clinically examined every 6 or 12 months according to a standard procedure. Of the 830 examined implants, 450 were placed in the maxilla and 380 in the mandible. A total of 65 implants were lost, 36 in the maxilla and 29 in the mandible; of these, 42 implants (65 %) were documented as lost due to the patient’s death. The mean observation period was 121 months. The cumulative survival rate was 94.9 % at 3 years and 92.5 % at 7 years. With an observation period up to 20 years, the cumulative survival rate remained constant after 11 years with 90.8 %. Age, gender, and localization (maxilla/mandible) of implants did not show any influence on the survival of the implants. However, radiochemotherapy was determined as a significant factor influencing the survival rate. The results of this study demonstrate that the survival rate of implants was significantly lower in oral cancer patients who had been treated by ablative surgery and additional radiochemotherapy than in patients without RCT. Since there is no significant difference in the mortality rate of patients with additional RCT compared to patients who underwent sole ablative surgery, the higher loss ratio is due to a late failure of osseointegration. Dental implants in oral cancer patients who had been treated by ablative surgery show a high and steady cumulative survival rate after 11 years. Implant survival of patients with additional RCT is significantly lower. Non-smoking-irradiated patients seem to have a better implant survival.