Search

This study identified the profiles of Chinese children’s perceived parenting style and examined profile differences in worry and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and whether differences on worry were mediated by IU. A sample of 591 primary school children (aged 9–12 years) in China completed self-report questionnaires assessing perceived parenting style, IU and worry. Latent profile analysis on six parenting dimensions (emotional warmth, rejection and overprotection for fathers and mothers) identified four parenting profiles: supportive, disengaged, harsh, and highly harsh. The supportive and disengaged parenting profiles showed lower levels of worry than the harsh and highly harsh parenting profiles, and the supportive parenting profile had the lowest level of IU. The results of multicategorical mediation analysis showed that difference in child worry between the supportive and harsh parenting profile was fully mediated by IU. The findings of this study revealed the internal mechanisms of child worry using a person-centered approach within the Chinese cultural background and provided initial evidence for parenting interventions to alleviate children’s worry.

The Chinese white pine beetle, Dendroctonus armandi Tsai and Li, is considered a serious native pest in the Qinling and Bashan Mountains of China. Relatively few information is available regarding its pheromone characterization, and the functions of its pheromones have not yet been identified. Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses of volatiles collected from live D. armandi revealed that (1) virgin female and mated male but not mated female D. armandi produce frontalin and (2) female but not male beetles produce exo-brevicomin. Electroantennography (EAG) and Y-tube laboratory assays indicated that male D. armandi are more sensitive to frontalin and frontalin + α-pinene, whereas female D. armandi are more sensitive to frontalin + α-pinene and exo-brevicomin. These results support frontalin as a virgin female-produced sex pheromone, and frontalin + α-pinene as a virgin female and mated male-produced aggregation pheromone. Furthermore, different concentrations of exo-brevicomin have aggregation and anti-aggregation roles in female D. armandi. This study provides evidence for classifying the two compounds as certain types of pheromones and indicates that these pheromones have clear potential value for monitoring and controlling the outbreak of this serious pest.