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39 results on '"Chakrabarty S"'

3. A survey on foot drop and functional electrical stimulation

Author

York, G and Chakrabarty, S

Subjects
Foot drop, medicine.medical_specialty, Weakness, business.industry, Muscle weakness, Gait, Computer Science Applications, Closed loop feedback, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Artificial Intelligence, medicine, Functional electrical stimulation, 030212 general & internal medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Falling (sensation), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Foot (unit)
Abstract

The weakness of the lower leg muscles due to nerve damage or muscle weakness can result in foot drop, a change in gait that manifests as an inability to lift the toes of the foot when walking. Foot drop results in a decreased quality of life, with unassisted movement becoming difficult or impossible. The increased risk of falls is particularly problematic as foot drop often affects the elderly or infirm for whom falling already presents a great danger. Current treatment options include fixed ankle–foot orthosis (AFO) aiming to provide rigid support to the foot if the impairment is mild or surgical intervention and functional electrical stimulation (FES) devices if the weakness is more severe. FES intervention is effective for providing a non-invasive treatment in even severe cases of foot drop. Limitations of current models relate to the non-naturalistic recreation of gait in the affected leg and its unsuitability for patients with extensive peripheral nerve damage. Although there are attempts to enhance integration of sensory information and mimic natural stimulation patterns, the focus on restoring a natural feedback loop is still amiss. Without such a closed loop feedback, restoration of a natural gait pattern is unlikely to occur. We here recommend, integration of motor output from multiple muscles, information about the inputs from higher-order controllers, recorded from the intact leg with a closed loop system to improve the effectiveness of FES.

Published
2019

13. Incomplete fusion reactions in 16O+165Ho

Author

Sharma, Anil, primary, Kumar, B Bindu, additional, Mukherjee, S, additional, Chakrabarty, S, additional, Tomar, B S, additional, Goswami, A, additional, Gubbi, G K, additional, Manohar, S B, additional, Sinha, A K, additional, and Datta, S K, additional

Published
2000
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39. Presynaptic control of transmission through group II muscle afferents in the midlumbar and sacral segments of the spinal cord is independent of corticospinal control

Author

Steve A. Edgley, NC Aggelopoulos, Samit Chakrabarty, Chakrabarty, S [0000-0002-4389-8290], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Sacrum, Neuroscience(all), Central nervous system, Neural Conduction, Presynaptic Terminals, Pyramidal Tracts, Neurotransmission, Synaptic Transmission, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Reflex, Medicine, Evoked potential, Muscle, Skeletal, 030304 developmental biology, Synaptic potential, Afferent Pathways, 0303 health sciences, Lumbar Vertebrae, Pyramidal tracts, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Motor Cortex, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Anatomy, Spinal cord, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials, Spinal Cord, Muscle Tonus, Corticospinal tract, Spinal Nerve Roots, business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article
Abstract

Transmission of information from the terminals group II muscle afferents is subject to potent presynaptic modulation by both segmental group II and cutaneous afferents and by descending monoaminergic systems. Currently it is unknown whether descending corticospinal fibres affect this transmission. Here we have examined whether corticospinal tract activation modulates the size of monosynaptic focal synaptic potentials (FSPs) evoked by group II muscle afferents, and the excitability of intraspinal terminals of group II afferents, both of which are indices used to show presynaptic control. Conditioning stimulation of corticospinal pathways had no effects on the sizes of group II evoked FSPs in the midlumbar or sacral segments at either dorsal horn or intermediate zone locations. These stimuli also had no effect on the excitability of single group II afferent terminals in the dorsal horn of the midlumbar segments. As positive controls, we verified that the corticospinal conditioning stimuli used did effectively d epress FSPs evoked from cutaneous afferents recorded at the same spinal locations as the group II field potentials in all experiments. Corticospinal tract conditioning stimuli did not consistently enhance or reduce the depression of group II FSPs that was evoked by stimulation of ipsilateral segmental group II or cutaneous afferents; in the large majority of cases there was no effect. The results reveal that the control of transmission of information from group II afferents in these regions of the spinal cord is independent of direct corticospinal control.

Published
2008

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