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Co-management, a governance process whereby management responsibility is shared between resource users and other collaborators, is a mainstream approach for governing social and ecological aspects of small-scale fisheries. While many assessments of co-management are available for single time periods, assessments across longer time-scales are rare–meaning the dynamic nature, and long-term outcomes, of co-management are insufficiently understood. In this study we analyse ten-years of catch and effort data from a co-managed, multi-species reef fishery in Solomon Islands. To further understand social, ecological and management dynamics we also draw on interviews with fishers and managers that had been conducted throughout the same decade. We aimed to answer (1) what are the temporal trends in fishing effort, harvesting efficiency, and catch composition within and beyond a periodically-harvested closure (i.e. a principal and preferred management tool in Pacific island reef fisheries), and, (2) what are the internal and external drivers that acted upon the fishery, and its management. Despite high fishing effort within the periodically-harvested closure, catch per unit effort remained stable throughout the ten years. Yet the taxonomic composition of catch changed substantially as species targeted early in the decade became locally depleted. These observations indicate that both the frequency of harvesting and the volumes harvested may have outpaced the turnover rates of target species. We argue that this reflects a form of hyperstability whereby declining abundance is not apparent through catch per unit effort since it is masked by a shift to alternate species. While the community sustained and adapted their management arrangements over the decade as a response to internal pressures and some signs of resource changes, some external social and ecological drivers were beyond their capabilities to govern. We argue the collaborative, knowledge exchange, and learning aspects of adaptive co-management may need even more attention to deal with this complexity, particularly as local and distal pressures on multi-species fisheries and community governance intensify. Graphical abstract

The galls induced by hemipterans generally show hypertrophy of the phloem; these insects usually feed on the sap in the sieve tube elements, occasioning phloem bundle hypertrophy. However, there are some exceptions; for example, the phylloxerids feed on the gall wall parenchyma. It has remained unknown, however, whether Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (the vine phylloxera) also causes hypertrophy of the phloem bundles. The galls induced by D. vitifoliae in leaves of the rootstock variety Richter-110 (Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris) were examined microscopically. D. vitifoliae was found capable of inducing vascular bundle hypertrophy, as well as the nutritional enrichment of the gall wall parenchyma cells upon which the insect feeds. The hypertrophy of the phloem bundles commonly seen in hemipteran-induced leaf galls also occurs in those induced by D. vitifoliae, even though these do not feed on the phloem contents, but rather on the gall wall parenchyma. The appearance of phloem bundle hypertrophy in hemipteran-induced leaf galls requires the remobilization of photoassimilates that might affect the productivity of the affected plant.

The production of skeletal muscle constructs useful for replacing large defects in vivo, such as in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), is still considered a challenge. The standard application of prosthetic material presents major limitations, such as hernia recurrences in a remarkable number of CDH patients. With this work, we developed a tissue engineering approach based on decellularized diaphragmatic muscle and human cells for the in vitro generation of diaphragmatic-like tissues as a proof-of-concept of a new option for the surgical treatment of large diaphragm defects. A customized bioreactor for diaphragmatic muscle was designed to control mechanical stimulation and promote radial stretching during the construct engineering. In vitro tests demonstrated that both ECM remodeling and fibroblast overgrowth were positively influenced by the bioreactor culture. Mechanically stimulated constructs also increased tissue maturation, with the formation of new oriented and aligned muscle fibers. Moreover, after in vivo orthotopic implantation in a surgical CDH mouse model, mechanically stimulated muscles maintained the presence of human cells within myofibers and hernia recurrence did not occur, suggesting the value of this approach for treating diaphragm defects. ispartof: NPJ REGENERATIVE MEDICINE vol:7 issue:1 ispartof: location:United States status: published

BackgroundInnovations in clinical nursing education are critical in enhancing the experiences of students, especially in the era of coronavirus pandemic. This study aimed at investigating nurse preceptors’ perceptions of use, intention to use and self-efficacy towards digital technology in preceptorship in the Cape Coast Metropolis of Ghana.MethodsA concurrent type of mixed-methods design with a non-randomised interventional study using three-phase multi-methods technique was conducted among nurse preceptors in the Cape Coast Metropolis in the Central Region of Ghana. Forty-five nurse preceptors participated in a pre and post training intervention while seven were purposively selected for the qualitative interview. Complimentarity method of triangulation was used in the analysis. The quantitative data were analysed with STATA version 16 and presented using frequencies, percentages, means with standard deviations and McNemar's test while qualitative data were analysed using the six steps approach to qualitative data analysis by Braun and Clarke.ResultsPerceived usefulness statement “using technology will improve clinical teaching” increased from 19 (42.22%) at baseline to 44 (97.78%) post intervention. Perceived ease of using technology statement “I would find it easy to get this technology to do what I want it to do” also increased from 36 (80.00%) to 41 (91.11%) post intervention. Self-efficacy increased from 40 (88.89%) to 43 (95.56%) after the intervention. There was a statistically significant difference between pre-training and post-training scores regarding tablet (p = 0.016) and experience with online library resources (p = 0.039). The qualitative results yielded three themes, namely: strengths of using technology; constraints in the learning environment; and future of technological approach to clinical teaching.ConclusionsThe training intervention improved participants intentions, self-efficacy, perceived use and perceived ease of use of technology. However, there are constraints in the clinical learning environment including students and preceptor-related factors, and institutional factors that needs to be addressed as part of efforts to implement technology in clinical teaching in this era of COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.

Studies on air pollution suggest that individuals perceive their neighborhoods as less polluted than their cities, termed the “halo effect.” This effect is important because how people perceive air quality is highly correlated with whether they will develop coping strategies to reduce health risks from air pollution. We conducted 489 household surveys in two municipalities in south-central Chile, both highly polluted with smoke from wood-burning stoves, to identify differences in perception of air quality at the city, neighborhood, and household levels. We found evidence of a home halo effect even though studies show indoor pollution in these municipalities might be equal to or higher than outdoor pollution. The findings are relevant for local and central governments to improve their communication strategies, which to date have been focused on providing data about outdoor air pollution aggregated at the city level. More detailed and disaggregated information on the health risks linked to indoor air quality can improve residents’ awareness and engagement in developing protective and coping behaviors concerning air pollution.

Lifetimes of negative-parity states have been determined in the neutron deficient semi-magic (N = 50) nucleus $$^{95}\mathrm {Rh}$$ 95 Rh . The fusion-evaporation reaction $$^{58}Ni(^{40}Ca, 3p)$$ 58 N i ( 40 C a , 3 p ) was used to populate high-spin states in $$^{95}\mathrm {Rh}$$ 95 Rh at the Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds (GANIL) accelerator facility. The results were obtained using the Doppler Shift Attenuation Method (DSAM) based on the Doppler broadened line shapes produced during the slowing down process of the residual nuclei in a thick $$6\;\mathrm {mg/cm}^2$$ 6 mg / cm 2 metallic target. B(M1) and B(E2) reduced transition strengths are compared with predictions from large-scale shell-model calculations.

In southern Chile, epidemiological studies have linked high levels of air pollution produced by the use of wood-burning stoves with the incidence of numerous diseases. Using a quasi-experimental design, this study explores the potential of participatory sensing strategies to transform experiences, perceptions, attitudes, and daily routine activities in 15 households equipped with wood-burning stoves in the city of Temuco, Chile. The results suggest that the experience of using a low-cost sensor improves household members' awareness levels of air pollution. However, the information provided by the sensors does not seem to improve the participants' self-efficacy to control air quality and protect themselves from pollution. The high degree of involvement with the participatory sensing experience indicates that the distribution of low-cost sensors could be a key element in the risk communication policies.

This study analyzes the role of the affect heuristic, risk perceptions, and air quality and sociodemographic factors in the support for policies to control urban air pollution. The sample includes 489 participants residing in Temuco and Padre Las Casas, suburban areas located in southern Chile, affected by the smoke that wood-burning stoves and cookers produce. In line with previous studies, the results show that the rejection of pollution mitigation policies is associated with a positive affect to heat homes with wood. Awareness and risk perception also seem to be relevant factors, but the effect of the latter on the support for policies ceases to be significant when it is controlled by key sociodemographic variables such as household income. The study findings contribute to the theories of processing information about risk, when suggesting that emotions and awareness play an important role in the support for policies to control air pollution and that, also, structural factors like household income cannot be avoided. Finally, the implications for urban energy transition processes are discussed.

Despite Africa’s potential for tourism, the continent’s tourism endowments are still largely underdeveloped and underutilized. The identification and enquiry into the drivers of international tourism demand in Africa is key to any effort to understand and explain changes in tourism demand in Africa. This study estimates a Poisson regression model to determine the key drivers of international tourism demand in 44 African countries, employing annual data over the period 1995–2015. The outcomes of the Poisson regression show that taste formation, real exchange rate, infrastructure, political stability and absence of violence, per capita income, FDI, and trade openness are significant drivers of international tourism into Africa. However, travel costs and domestic prices are not significant drivers of the decision to travel to Africa.

Evolution of cellular innate immune genes in response to viral threats represents a rich area of study for understanding complex events that shape mammalian genomes. One of these genes, TRIM5, is a retroviral restriction factor that mediates a post-entry block to infection. Previous studies on the genomic cluster that contains TRIM5 identified different patterns of gene amplification and the independent birth of CypA gene fusions in various primate species. However, the evolution of Trim5 in the largest order of mammals, Rodentia, remains poorly characterized. Here, we present an expansive phylogenetic and genomic analysis of the Trim5 cluster in rodents. Our findings reveal substantial evolutionary changes including gene amplifications, rearrangements, loss and fusion. We describe the first independent evolution of TrimCyp fusion genes in rodents. We show that the TrimCyp gene found in some Peromyscus species was acquired about 2 million years ago. When ectopically expressed, the P. maniculatus TRIMCyp shows anti-retroviral activity that is reversed by cyclosporine, but it does not activate Nf-κB or AP-1 promoters, unlike the primate TRIMCyps. These results describe a complex pattern of differential gene amplification in the Trim5 cluster of rodents and identify the first functional TrimCyp fusion gene outside of primates and tree shrews.

In a fusion-evaporation reaction, nuclei are produced by evaporating light-charged particles and neutrons from the compound nucleus. Typically, a nucleus of interest is produced as a result of a part of the total cross-section and, in order to guarantee a good channel discrimination, a particle detector, like the EUCLIDES $4\pi$ Si-ball array, is necessary. EUCLIDES has been quoted in more than a hundred publications resulting from many experiments performed in combination with the EUROBALL and GASP $\gamma$-ray spectrometers. The present paper reports on the upgraded version of EUCLIDES, that is presently coupled to the new GALILEO $\gamma$-ray spectrometer, installed at the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN. The design, characteristics and performance of the EUCLIDES array are presented and discussed.

The objective of the study was to quantify the transcriptional profile, as the main T cell lineage-transcription factors on synovial fluid (SF) T cells, in relation to SF cytokines and T cell frequencies (%) of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients. Reverse phase protein array was employed to identify interleukin (IL)-23Rp19-, FOXP3- and related orphan receptor gamma T (RORγt)- protein and Janus associated tyrosine kinases 1 (JAK1), signal transducer and activator and transcription 1 (STAT1), STAT3 and STAT5 phosphoproteins in total T cell lysates from SF of PsA patients. IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-21 and interferon (INF)-γ were measured using a multiplex bead immunoassay in SF from PsA patients and peripheral blood (PB) from healthy controls (HC). Frequencies of CD4(+)CD25(-), CD4(+)CD25(high) FOXP3(+) and CD4(+)CD25(high) CD127(low) Treg, and either mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of FOXP3(+) on CD4(+) Treg or MFI of classic IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) α expression on CD4(+)CD25(-) helper/effector T cells (Th/eff) and Treg cells, were quantified in SF of PsA patients and in PB from HC by flow cytometry (FC). In PsA SF samples, IL-2, IL-21 and IFN-γ were not detectable, whereas IL-6 and IL-1β levels were higher than in SF of non-inflammatory osteoarthritis patients. Higher levels of IL-23R-, FOXP3- and RORγt proteins and JAK1, STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5 were found in total T cells from SF of PsA patients compared with PB from HC. Direct correlations between JAK1 Y1022/Y1023 and STAT5 Y694, and STAT3 Y705 and IL6, were found in SF of PsA patients. Increased proportion of CD4(+)CD25(high) FOXP3(+) and CD4(+)CD25(high) CD127(low) Treg cells and brighter MFI of IL-6Rα were observed both on CD4(+)CD25(high)- and CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells in PsA SF. The study showed a distinctive JAK1/STAT3/STAT5 transcriptional network on T cells in the joint microenvironment, outlining the interplay of IL-6, IL-23, IL-1β and γC cytokines in the polarization and plasticity of Th17 and Treg cells, which might participate in the perpetuation of joint inflammation in PsA patients.

This study examines the extent to which the effect of brand orientation on sales performance is contingent upon levels of transformational leadership and inter-functional collaboration. Using primary data from 108 subsidiaries of multinational enterprises (MNEs) operating in the Commonwealth Caribbean region, the study finds that brand orientation is not directly related to sales performance. However, findings show that brand orientation is positively related to sales performance when levels of both transformational leadership and inter-functional collaboration are high. Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed while drawing lessons for MNE subsidiary brand management practice.

This study used an eclectic multiple-case design to explore what drives three large-scale mining companies’ involvement in CSR-mediated development activities, and their philosophical underpinning. The research discovered that although there were nuances between cases in the order in which they rated the strength of 11 potential drivers of CSR, eight of them were important. Three (3) of these were strong drivers – reputation management, pre-emptive anti-regulationism, and pre-existence of local development plans. Five others were moderately strong drivers. The investigations further found that the philosophical underpinnings of the case companies’ CSR were based on ‘Common-Sense Morality,’ a duty-based deontological moral philosophy that is a departure from widely held instrumental positions associated with Egoism. It also identified constrained profit-maximization as the CSR strategy from which their CSR policies emanated.

Correction for 'Cyclopeptidic photosensitizer prodrugs as proteolytically triggered drug delivery systems of pheophorbide A: part II - co-loading of pheophorbide A and black hole quencher' by Jordan Bouilloux et al., Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2018, 17, 1739-1748.

Correction for 'Cyclopeptidic photosensitizer prodrugs as proteolytically triggered drug delivery systems of pheophorbide A: part I - self-quenched prodrugs' by Jordan Bouilloux et al., Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2018, 17, 1728-1738.