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PURPOSE: A deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm has been demonstrated to outperform embryologists in identifying euploid embryos destined to implant with an accuracy of 75.3% (1). Our aim was to evaluate the performance of highly trained embryologists in selecting top quality day 5 euploid blastocysts with and without the aid of a deep learning algorithm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A non-overlapping series of 200 sets of day 5 euploid embryo images with known implantation outcomes was distributed to 17 highly trained embryologists. One embryo in each set was known to have implanted and one failed implantation. They were asked to select which embryo to transfer from each set. The same 200 sets of embryos, with indication of which embryo in each set had been identified by the algorithm as more likely to implant was then distributed. Chi-squared, t-test, and receiver operating curves were performed to compare the embryologist performeance with and without AI. RESULTS: Fourteen embryologists completed both assessments. Embryologists provided with AI results selected successfully implanted embryos in 73.6% of cases compared to 65.5% for those selected using visual assessments alone (p

nondestructive evaluation (NDE) is an analysis technique used to evaluate the properties of a material, component, structure or system without causing damage. In this paper, we introduce a novel mixed reality system for NDE training. In particular, we model and simulate the inspected object and the inspection probe. The operator trainees with the wearable headsets are able to move and zoom the inspected object in a mixed environment, i.e., reality with virtual objects overlaid. In addition, the trainees use their gaze, gesture, and voice to control and interact with the virtual objects within the NDE training session. They can also access the help manual in order to follow the training instruction. The system is successfully operated on HoloLens, the state-of-the-art mixed reality headset. Evaluational results demonstrate that the use of mixed reality training provides significant benefit for the potential technician trainees.

Stalking cases have long presented challenges for the criminal justice system. The end result has been low conviction rates for stalking offenses and frustration for stalking victims. To date, little is known regarding the perspectives of criminal justice and community advocacy agencies in working with stalking perpetrators and victims and how these could inform practice and future research. We conducted interviews with individuals in the different agencies involved in the Cuyahoga County, Ohio criminal justice system and well as the victim service organizations that work with stalking victims in the county. We collected information about their perceptions of stalking victims, what obstacles exist to addressing their needs, what changes are needed to increase the charging and prosecution rates for stalking cases, and how different system players draw distinctions between stalking and domestic violence offenders. Key findings include the significant discrepancy perceived between the public’s view of stalking and actual stalking behavior, the varied views of what constitutes a typical stalking victim, the wide range of needs of stalking victims, the challenges to charging and prosecuting stalking cases, and the burden placed on victims in these cases. We conclude by discussing obstacles that exist for victims seeking help from the criminal justice system for stalking behavior and provide suggestions for education and training that could lead to more effective stalking policy and practice. The study concludes with recommendations for future research on stalking.

This report is an outcome of the workshop AI for Nuclear Physics held at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility on March 4–6, 2020

BackgroundApproximately 40% of adolescent women experience heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), and 10-62% of them have an underlying bleeding disorder (BD). Diagnosing a BD remains challenging because of limitations of available clinical platelet function assays. The aim of this study was to characterize platelet function in a population of adolescent women with HMB using small-volume whole-blood assays.MethodsAnticoagulated whole blood was used to assess platelet GPIIbIIIa activation, α-granule secretion, and aggregation in response to multiple agonists. Platelet adhesion on collagen or von Willebrand Factor (VWF) under static and shear flow was also assessed.ResultsFifteen participants with HMB were included in the study, of which eight were diagnosed with a clinically identifiable BD. Platelet activation was blunted in response to calcium ionophore in participants without a BD diagnosis compared with that in all other participants. Impaired GPIIbIIIa activation was observed in response to all GPCR agonists, except adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in participants with qualitative platelet disorders. Our assays detected platelet aggregation in the majority of participants with a BD in response to ADP, collagen-related peptide (CRP), thrombin receptor activator 6 (TRAP-6), or U46619. Platelet adhesion and aggregation on collagen and VWF was decreased for participants with VWD.ConclusionParticipants with and without BD exhibited aberrant platelet function in several assays in response to select agonists.

The purpose of this article is to describe the goals and structure of cross-cultural psychiatric training at Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU). This training in core knowledge, skills, and attitudes of cultural psychiatry over the past three decades has included medical students, residents, and fellows, along with allied mental health personnel. The curriculum includes both didactic sessions devoted to core topics in the field and varied clinical experiences in community settings and the Intercultural Psychiatric Program under the supervision of experienced academic faculty. The authors review the central elements of the training experiences and include a detailed description of the core clinical settings and experiences. At the conclusion of their clinical experiences, trainees have specialized cross-cultural psychiatric knowledge and skills, including treatment of refugees and immigrants, sociocultural variables that influence the assessment and treatment of a wide range of psychiatric conditions, and comfort with cultural dynamics that influence both the doctor/patient relationship and collaboration with a wide range of mental health professionals. Because of rapid demographic changes in the U.S. population, providing cross-cultural training for students, residents, and fellows is an essential foundation for the education of the next generation of clinicians and health care leaders. OHSU has provided a long-term model for this training in a busy clinical and academic setting that places an emphasis on multi-disciplinary and multicultural collaboration.

Physician assisted suicide (PAS) engenders debate about the meaning of professional identity, what is proper in the doctor/patient relationship, and the physician's appropriate role in society. Polarization on PAS largely arises from different views on what defines compassion in relieving pain and suffering, and the proper balance between individual autonomy and social imperatives. This paper discusses the ethical, social and economic arguments against PAS, including a historical perspective on other socially-sanctioned inappropriate uses of medical technology and expertise. This paper maintains that a truly dignified death does not come at the hand of a physician-healer, despite compelling arguments that it is a compassionate act.

Retinyl palmitate, a widely used ingredient in cosmetic products, is promoted for its beneficial effects on the appearance of skin. Previous studies suggest that enzymes are available in skin to metabolize this ingredient during skin absorption. Esterase activity hydrolyzes retinyl palmitate to retinol (vitamin A), which is oxidized in many tissues to retinoic acid primarily by alcohol dehydrogenase. The activities of esterase and alcohol dehydrogenase were characterized in hairless guinea pig skin by using flow-through diffusion cells and radiolabeled model compounds (methyl salicylate and benzyl alcohol) previously shown to be metabolized by these enzymes. Methyl salicylate was hydrolyzed by esterase to a greater extent in viable skin than in nonviable skin. Glycine conjugation of salicylic acid and benzoic acid occurred only in viable skin. The metabolism of methyl salicylate and benzyl alcohol occurred to a greater extent in male guinea pig skin than in female guinea pig skin. The percutaneous absorption of both radiolabeled compounds was similar in viable and nonviable skin. About 30 and 18% of topically applied retinyl palmitate were absorbed from an acetone vehicle by hairless guinea pig skin and human skin, respectively. Less than 1% of the applied dose of this lipophilic compound diffused from skin into the receptor fluid. Retinol was the only detectable metabolite of retinyl palmitate in both hairless guinea pig and human skin. In human skin, 44% of the absorbed retinyl palmitate was hydrolyzed to retinol. The use of retinyl palmitate in cosmetic formulations may result in significant delivery of retinol into the skin.

The development of fiber optics provides a potential means of simplifying coherent-light-metrology techniques and, simultaneously, increasing their realms of applicability by suppressing the negative effects of hostile mechanical and thermal environments. This report describes a series of experiments which explore some of the possibilities for applying fiber optics to speckle metrology, and, at the same time, demonstrates the use of both photoelectronic-numerical and conventional optical systems for recording and correlating the resulting speckle fields.

Monomode fibers are used to minimize modal interactions which ordinarily occur during holographic deformation studies based on multimode fiber-optic access. Test results show that holograms have better diffraction efficiency than those generated using multimode fibers and that stringent requirements for vibration isolation associated with holographic testing can be somewhat relaxed.

An improved method for holographically recording displacement through fiber optics is presented. The object is illuminated by focusing the exit end of a multimode fiber bundle on the test surface. The real image of the object is transmitted through a second coherent bundle to a photographic plate where it is recorded using a reference wave front. The resulting image-plane hologram is reconstructed in white light. Experimental results agree well with theory and demonstrate the potential of measuring displacement on surfaces far removed from the basic holographic setup; or, in remote areas of a structure where optical access is limited.