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An ISU global education program linked to the International Space Station (ISS) is proposed in this paper. The aim of this program is to improve access by the general public to the results of research carried out aboard the International Space Station and thus to receive more support for space programmes.

This epilogue aims to report the main sentiments with which the attendees left the Symposium, although it cannot formally be said to represent the Conclusions of the Symposium. Two specific Recommendations for Future Actions are made, however.

Sprites, blue jets and ELVES are lightning-triggered optical emissions which occur in the rarefied atmosphere above thunderstorms. Images of these phenomena first appeared in the scientific literature less than a decade ago and the mechanisms responsible for their generation are not yet fully understood. One of the factors hindering a fuller understanding is the scarcity of good quality video observations around the world. Several features of the ISS make it an ideal platform from which to study such events. This paper proposes an experiment consisting of an astronaut tended, ground controlled, low light level video camera, sensitive to both visible and infrared light, mounted on an Earth-facing payload site aboard the ISS. Ideal observation windows would be selected beforehand to make optimal use of the data down-link bandwidth and astronaut time. This would involve using existing ground-and space-based meteorological observation networks to identify mesoscale convective systems (i.e. energetic thunderstorms), above which sprite phenomena typically occur. Astronaut observations from the cupola would facilitate the identification of regions of high activity; these are not always clear on wide-field video images. Real-time decisions made by the astronauts on where to point the camera would enable the operators to zoom in on an area of interest, and record events with high spatial and temporal resolution. Sub-millisecond timing of video frames, required for correlation with complementary ground-based observations such as very low frequency radio recordings and lightning detection data, could be supplied by the ACES clock on ISS. Coordinated ground-based, airborne and coarse satellite observations could be used for triangulation, and hence accurate position and size determination. Finally, the program could exploit the ISS’s long lifetime by studying the effects of the solar cycle on the occurrence of sprite phenomena.

Acknowledgements. Foreword. Keynote Address. Socio-Economic Considerations of Future Space Transportation Systems R. Akiba, S. Nomura. Session 1: What will Constitute the Future Market for Space Transportation Services? Users' Perspectives Session Chair: P. Smith. Report on Panel Discussion 1. What will Constitute the Future Market for Space Transportation Services? Users' Perspectives R. Leon, V. Tessier. Session 2: Meeting the Needs of Future Markets-Launch Service Providers' Perspectives Session Chair: G. Laslandes. Report on Panel Discussion 2. Meeting the Needs of Future Markets - Launch Service Providers' Perspectives O. Angerer, et al. Session 3: Reusables and Expendables in the Future Launch Market: What will be the (Right) Mix? And Where is Technology Heading? Session Chair: S. Nomura. Report on Panel Discussion 3. Reusables and Expendables in the Future Launch Market: What will be the (Right) Mix? And Where is Technology Heading? C. Lo, et al. Session 4: How will the Legal Frameworks Need to Evolve? Session Chair: A. Kerrest. Report on Panel Discussion 4. How will the Legal Frameworks Need to Evolve? J. Garget, P. Martinez. Session 5: What is the Appropriate Role of Governments in Future Space Transportation? Session Chair: F. Engstrom. Report on Panel Discussion 5. What is the Appropriate Role of Governments in Future Space Transportation? L. Swift, C. Wagner. Session 6: Concluding Panel Discussion: Highlights and Lessons Learned in all Sessions. Session Chair: K. Doetsch. Report on Panel Discussion 6. Concluding Panel Discussion:Highlights and Lessons Learned in all Sessions M. Breiling, H. Trinh. Poster Papers.

The various issues of New Space Markets were discussed. All the speakers emphasized the private-public partnership. the expected benefits for the national economy will depend on how the specific partnership is shaped.

In the panel discussion following the lectures on tele-education, hunger, illiteracy, and poverty were listed as the prime concerns in Tanzania. These basic human needs must be addressed before other issues can be dealt with. Even developed countries have problems with hunger, illiteracy, and poverty. Our global village is dependent upon cooperation. In searching for solutions, we should start by eliminating illiteracy, and this will lead to education, economic improvement, and health care improvements. The most successful projects are those designed by the people, for the people. Solutions imposed from without often fail in the long run. However, literacy may not always be essential for having a successful society or culture. We should not impose one form of education on everyone else in the world. Since there are 700,000 primary school teachers in India, it is important that each teacher keeps learning as well as teaching. Tele-education could be used to teach the teachers, or to retrain workers as technology advances change the requirements of various jobs. The technology is now available, but we still need a way to bring education to the developing world. There are immense challenges ahead in the field of tele-education.

Concerning the major bottlenecks in international co-operation and a plan of action for dealing with them, I. Pryke considered that many fora and organisations are addressing this issue, but that no magic formula had yet been created. the co-operation will have to be tailored to each activity. People working in disaster management are not always fully aware of what remote sensing can do for them; remote sensing is definitely taken into account in these workshops.

Since this session covered a very broad range of tele-services, the Panel Discussion did not focus on a specific theme. The panel members were given the freedom to answer questions from the audience. This was favored by the session chairman to encourage the discussion between the panelists and the audience.

The purpose of this paper is to review recent work in this field. In the first part, whistlers are discussed both from an observational and analytical viewpoint; in the second part, attention is confined to discrete emissions believed to be generated by the cyclotron resonance instability of energetic electrons in the magnetosphere. This paper can thus be regarded as being a condensed and updated version of the earlier, and more comprehensive, review by Rycroft (1972).