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Eight patients, two male and six female, aged between 24 and 48 years, with Graves’ disease and severe ophthalmopathy were included in the study. A standardized A-scan echography was performed to evaluate the reflectivity of the extraocular muscles (EOMs); a planar scintigraphy (PS) and/or a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were also performed at various times after endovenous injection of 111 MBq In-111 OCT, a somatostatin analogue.

Several authors have pointed out a correlation between perceptionand imagination. In particular some authors suggested that during imaginationnot only the brain, but also other structures are involved. It is possiblethat the eye too is involved in this process. For this reason we decided tostudy the role of the lens during the mental process of imagination: weexamined with standardized echography the lenses of 10 emmetropic subjects.The lenses were measured by ultrasound to verify changes in thicknesswhen some tests were submitted to the patients.

The presence of a choroidal detachment combined with a retinaldetachment sometimes can be misdiagnosed. The presence of cells in theanterior chamber, opacities of the lens, or vitreal haze may add trouble inthe evaluation of the fundus, which is already difficult to examine due to thepresence of the double detachment.

The clinical evaluation of an ocular disease in a patient with uveitis is often difficult due to opacities of the dioptric media. Hence standardized echography can be very important in the study of uveitis. The most common macular lesion associated with uveitis being the macular edema. Our results are presented from 42 eyes with uveitis. Our study points out a relation between visual acuity and retino-choroidal thickness in the macular area. In particular, our results show that a thickening of the macula may appear before a decrease in visual acuity.

The authors describe the role of a complete echographic examination with standardized echography before performing corneal graft surgery. During the examination it is important to establish vitreo-retinal conditions. When it is impossible to examine the anterior segment with a slit lamp, it is crucial to perform a careful examination of the anterior segment with echography, utilizing the immersion scleral shells according to K. Ossoinig.

X-ray irradiation and a galactose diet are two of the main approaches to experimental cataractogenesis that provide a useful model for examining the changes in the lens compared to human cataract. We measured the lens thickness in six sibling New Zealand rabbits with an RF signal, before and after irradiation and a galactose diet. In this paper we discuss our results and the importance of ultrasonic evaluation with an RF signal, to discover the early stages of cataract, before the appearance of lens opacities.

The authors present a retrospective echographic study on 140 patients with lacrimal fossa lesions, performed at the Institute of Ophthalmology—2nd Medical School—University of Naples.

A study of pseudophakodonesis of the IOL in anterior and posterior chamber was performed using the Radio frequency (RF) echographic signals. The results were similar but more accurate than those previously obtained using M mode echography: iridodonesis and firm IOL in the case of AC IOL implantation; no inertial movements of the iris and the IOL in the case of PC IOL implantation.

We measured the lens thickness in a group of patients with normal lenses compared to a group of patients with different age and with various types of lens opacities.

Thin ocular layers can be characterized by analyzing RF echo signals in the time domain and/or in the frequency domain. In the first case the time interval between pulses reflected from anterior and posterior surfaces gives immediately the thickness measurement if the sound velocity is known. In the second case, by considering that the power spectrum can be interpreted as a plot of tissue reflectivity vs frequency, the above mentioned time interval is obtained as the inverse of the difference between two successive frequencies of the power spectrum.