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The International Space Station (ISS) is now under construction. The Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), the first Japanese manned space system, and the ISS should be used to prepare for further space developments. As an example, an orbital transfer system to the Moon is considered, and the key technologies needed to realize this are suggested. These should be tested on the JEM and the ISS in order to accumulate achievements and lessons learned. In addition, some lessons learned on the current JEM design, and its improvement, are presented.

The form of the solidified product in containerless solidification is sen-sitive to conditions at the tri-junction between the solid, the melt and the surrounding vapor. We consider experimentally and analytically the simple system of a liquid droplet solidifying on a cold plate. As opposed to the one-dimensional analysis of Anderson et al. (1996), our axisymmetric boundary integral analysis shows that a simple non-dynamic condition at the tri-junction is sufficient. A simple static zero growth angle of zero along with a fluid that expands upon freezing produces a frozen drop that has an inflection point near a cusp that forms at the symmetry axis. Some dynamics of the droplet are considered with discussion of possible micro droplet ejection at the final moment of solidification.

The point spread function obtainable in an astronomical instrument using CCD readout is limited by a number of factors, among them the lateral diffusion of charge before it is collected in the potential wells. We study this problem both theoretically and experimentally, with emphasis on the thick CCDs on highresistivity n-type substrates being developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab.

We have developed a procedure of placing high-precision 2K×4K CCDs manufactured by SITe and MIT into a mosaic for a CCD camera, the SUbaru PRIME focus CAMera (Suprime-Cam). We used this procedure to install 8 CCDs, achieving our requirement of co-planarity of the CCD surfaces to within ±15 μm.

This paper presents the current status of the MegaCam project, which is nearing its Final Design Review

The present paper evaluates the most important experimental thermal characterisation techniques for electronic components. Weak points are indicated in the standardised methods for the still air, cold plate and fluid bath environment. Improvements have been developed: Suitable measures determine well-controlled surface temperature profiles over the whole component surface in the double cold plate. Two impinging jets impose reproducible heat transfer coefficients in the fluid bath method. Hence, the reproducibility, the scope and the accuracy of the measurements are enhanced.

A perspective and review of the current state-of-the-art in cooling for high performance computers is provided. The trend towards higher power dissipation at both chip and module level is discussed, along with the corresponding need to reduce internal and external thermal resistance. The nature of the multi-chip module (MCM) cooling problem is discussed. The evolution of the IBM Thermal Conduction Module cooling design is described, along with examples of other recent high performance MCM cooling designs providing low thermal resistance(s). The relative package cooling effectiveness of these designs is presented in terms of “package thermal resistivity.”

Animal paradigms are important to detect anxiolytic properties of psychoactive compounds. Two animal anxiety paradigms are presented, ultrasonic distress vocalizations (USV) in rat pups and stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH) in mice, to describe the putative anxiolytic properties of serotonergic ligands. Both paradigms indicate that 5-HTAreceptor agonists are potent anxiolytics, whereas specific 5-HT reuptake blockers also exert some anxiolytic properties. 5-HT02antagonists may have some anxiogenic properties (in USV), whereas 5-HT, antagonists seem to be devoid of anxiolytic properties in the paradigms used.

We report comprehensive measurements of interfacial properties as well as observations of new behavior at the cellular interface in directionally solidifying succinonitrile. Observations of the bifurcation from the planar state in samples ≥ 100µm thick show that the initial instability occurs first along the shortest dimension of the interface. This raises questions about the applicability of many conventional descriptions of patterns that rely on two-dimensional diffusive fields. We also describe new instabilities related to wavelength selection in cells and droplet formation at their roots.

1. Of the sensations which we assume to be provoked in us by surrounding bodies, the sensations of heat (cold, cool, tepid, warm, hot) form a distinct series or a particular class of elements bearing a definite relationship to one another. The bodies which produce these sensations likewise exhibit, both as to themselves and as to other objects, a distinctive physical behavior definitely associated with these sense marks. A very hot body glows, gives forth light, melts, evaporates, or burns away; a cold body congeals. A drop of water on a hot plate evaporates with a hissing noise: on a cold plate it freezes, and so on. The collection of these instances of the physical behavior of a body, which are connected with the mark of our sensations of heat — the collection of reactions — is termed its thermal state or state with respect to heat.