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Purpose: Prostatic complications are common among diabetic patients. Previous research demonstrates that Teucrium polium (T. polium) has beneficial effects in diabetic cases. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the impacts of T. polium aqueous extract on the prostate of diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). a total of 40 Rats were randomly divided into the following groups: Control, Control + TP100 (TP100), Diabetic, Diabetic + TP100 (DTP100) and Diabetic + TP200 (DTP200). The intervention was done orally once per day for 56 days (8 weeks). An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted, glucose and insulin levels were assessed. Microscopic features of the ventral prostatic lobe were evaluated pathologically. Results: T. polium at both doses significantly reduced glucose levels in an insulin-independent pathway. T. polium at both doses significantly improved prostate weight, prostate epithelium height, and prostate secretory activity in comparison with the diabetic group. Interestingly, treatment of T. polium to healthy rats led to decreased epithelial height. Conclusion: It could be deduced that T. polium has useful impacts on glucose control and may prevent prostatic complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder and one of the most common metabolic diseases. Teucrium polium has been exerted nephro- and hepatoprotective effects. This study's objective was to determine the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Teucrium polium (T. polium) on histopathological and biochemical markers of the liver and kidney in diabetic rats. In this experimental study, 60 male Wistar rats were divided to healthy control (group 1), diabetic control (group 2, these two groups received distilled water), treated diabetic positive control (group 3) using a dose 150 mg/kg/day metformin, and two groups treated with doses 400 (group 4) and 800 (group 5) mg/kg/BW of T. polium extracts via gavage feeding for 8 weeks. Diabetes mellitus was experimentally induced by one dose intraperitoneally injection of alloxan 120 mg/kg. Comparison of normal rats and diabetic rats revealed that kidney tissue would experience tubular changes in diabetic rats. Histopathological examination revealed a reduction in the tubular changes of kidney tissue following treatment with the extract. In addition, the T. polium extract was able to reduce the infiltration of PMN cells in the liver tissue. Also, T. polium significantly decreased blood glucose, malondialdehyde, and creatinine levels. Results suggested that T. polium extract can decrease hepato-renal damages by influencing histopathological and biochemical markers in diabetic rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green synthetic method has remarkably been used to synthesize many types of nanostructures, such as nanoparticles and nanocomposites, due to simple, inexpensive, and eco-friendly ways. In the present study, silver nanoparticles and Ag/AgFeO2 core–shell nanocomposites were synthesized, using Teucrium polium extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Synthesized nanoparticles and nanocomposites were characterized using several physical techniques, including dynamic light scattering method, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy. The mean size of the synthesized nanocomposites was 90.80 nm with a nearly spherical shape, successfully silver coating by AgFeO2 shell. Density functional theory simulations were used to evaluate nanoparticles' and nanocomposites' absorption band mechanisms. The antimicrobial properties of both Ag NPs and Ag/AgFeO2 against different types of fungi and bacteria were studied. The Ag/AgFeO2 NCs revealed superior antifungal and antibacterial efficacy even in lower concentrations compared to Ag NPs that could be applied for biomedical applications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and extraction yield of Teucrium polium aerial parts by different concentrations of aqueous and alcoholic solvents [water, ethanol and ethanol:water (50:50)] were investigated by ultrasonic and maceration. The total phenolic, tocopherol, tannin, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity (200–1200 ppm) of the extracts were determined and compared with butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA) (as a synthetic antioxidant) by DPPH· assay, β-carotene/linoleic bleaching inhibition and OSI methods. The results showed that the highest extraction yield (40.26%) and total phenolic (65.74 mg/g), tocopherol (112.13 µg/mL), tannin (5.90 mg/g) and flavonoid (5.60 mg/g) content were observed in ethanol:water (50:50) ultrasonic extraction. Moreover, as the highest bioactive components extracted by ethanol:water (50:50) ultrasonic methods, it signified that the highest radical scavenging activity with 91.45% and β-carotene/linoleic bleaching 84.14% inhibition at 1200 ppm of the extract which is higher than BHA (200 ppm) with 88.31% DPPH· radical scavenging activity and 76.83% inhibition in β-carotene/linoleic bleaching assay. Furthermore, addition of water as the safe, available and inexpensive solvent increased efficiency of ethanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitory and antioxidant activities of essential oil (EO) and ethanolic extract (EE) of two Lamiaceae medicinal plants from Algeria: Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut. and Teucrieum polium subsp capitatum. The chemical composition of EOs analyzed by GC and GC-MS revealed the presence of carvacrol (43.2%), p-cymene (18.7%) and γ-terpinene (14.8%) as major compounds in T. algeriensis, while germacrene D (25.0%), bicyclogermacrene (10.4%), β-pinene (11.3%) and spathulenol (5.8%) were the most important components in T. polium oil. The best inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was exhibited by the EO of T. algeriensis. On the other hand, T. polium oil was more efficient against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) than against AChE, whereas EEs showed weak or no inhibitory effect, particularly against AChE. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by β-carotene bleaching, ferric and cupric reducing powers and inhibition of ABTS•+, DPPH• and superoxide radicals. EOs showed different antioxidant trends depending on the assay used while ethanol extracts had high activity with all tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant properties of extracts and essential oils of the aerial parts of Teucrium polium growing in Tunisia were evaluated. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of extracts ranged from 48.88±0.01 to 400.00±0.01 mg of GAE/g and from 2.75±0.01 to 38.85±0.04mg of QE/g, respectively. GC/MS analysis of essential oils led to identification of 71 compounds representing 89.66% of the total composition. Antioxidant activities were assessed using the DPPH. (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, β-carotene bleaching, and reducing power. The best overall antioxidant activity was recorded for acetone extracts, with a strong positive correlation between the total phenolic content and the IC value of DPPH ( R=0.9999), attributed to the polyphenolic content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ovariectomy is known as 'surgical menopause' with decreased levels of estrogen in female rodents. Its reported risks and adverse effects include cognitive impairment. The action of hydroponic Teucrium polium on nucleus basalis of Meynert (bnM) neurons following 6 weeks of ovariectomy was carried out. The analysis of spike activity was observed by on-line selection and the use of a software package. Early and late tetanic, − posttetanic potentiation and depression of neurons to high frequency stimulation of hippocampus were studied. The complex averaged peri-event time and frequency histograms were constructed. The histochemical study of the activity of Са-dependent acid phosphatase was observed. In conditions of hydroponic Teucrium polium administration, positive changes in neurons and gain of metabolism leading to cellular survival were revealed. The administration of Teucrium polium elicited neurodegenerative changes in bnM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a screening program for agrochemicals from Iranian medicinal plants, toxicity of the essential oils from Satureja hortensis L. and Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae) was evaluated against the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Tetranychidae) adults, using leaf dipping and fumigant bioassays. The essential oils were extracted by a water steam distillation method with a Clevenger apparatus, and their chemical composition was studied by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Oleic acid, thymol, palmitic acid and 1,8-cineole in the essential oil of S. hortensis and lycopersene, dodecane, decahydro-1,5-dimethyl-naphthalene and tridecane in the essential oil of T. polium were identified as main constituents. LC50 values were estimated as 0.876 and 1.784% in the leaf dipping assays and 7.074 and 5.395 µl/l air in the fumigant ones for S. hortensis and T. polium oils, respectively. Female adults of T. urticae were more susceptible to the essential oil of S. hortensis than T. polium in the dipping tests and to the essential oil of T. poliumthan and S. hortensis in the fumigant assays. These results indicated that S. hortensis and T. polium essential oils can be applied for the management of T. urticae to minimize damaging effects of the traditional synthetic acaricides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mediterranean region (and globally also other regions) is characterized by the presence of phryganic plants, i.e. subshrubs that grow under hot and arid environmental conditions. These plants are reported to be affected by summer drought stress. However, in the present study the phryganic plant Teucrium polium (mountain germander) appears to be affected by winter chilling stress rather than by summer drought stress in a specific area. Winter leaves of the plant are smaller and thicker compared to summer leaves, have more stomata and glandular hairs, and their chloroplasts are larger, more numerous, with voluminous starch grains. Moreover, epidermal and mesophyll cells of winter leaves contain in their vacuoles dark phenolics and calcium oxalate crystals. Summer leaves are devoid of vacuolar phenolics and their chloroplasts possess many large plastoglobuli. Leaf gas exchange parameters (photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance) are significantly higher in winter leaves. Concentrations of osmoprotectors (stress indicators) like proline and soluble sugars are similarly higher in winter leaves. Essential oil assessments showed a significantly higher oil yield of winter leaves compared to summer leaves. Percentages of the major oil components (linalool, terpinen-4-ol, germacrene D, and spathulenol) are remarkably higher in winter oils than in summer oils. In conclusion, low environmental temperatures (1-10 °C) appear to decisively influence the structure and function of winter leaves compared to summer leaves. Winter plants undergo chilling stress to which they respond by developing various mechanical and chemical defensive strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A protocol for in vitro propagation of the wild germander ( Teucrium polium L.) was developed. In vitro plants were developed from ex vitro axillary buds. Then, shoot tips were excised and established on Murashige and Skoog medium. Proliferation of shoots was tested with different levels of 6-furfurylaminopurin, 6-benzyladenine, or thiadiazuron. The highest proliferation of T. polium was obtained when 6-benzyladenine and 6-furfurylaminopurin were used at 2.0 and 1.6 mg l, respectively. Thiadiazuron gave the lowest response for shoot proliferation. Rooting was experimented at different levels of Indol-3-butric acid, Indol-3-acetic acid, or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. 1-Naphthaleneacetic was the only growth regulator which promoted root induction. Rooted plants were acclimatized successfully with 75% survival and grown in the greenhouse. In vitro- and in vivo-grown plants were analyzed for essential oil production. In vitro-grown T. polium on MS medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine and 1-naphthaleneacetic gave higher oil yield than that grown on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog medium. In vivo (wild)-grown T. polium produced different oil yield when collected in different months (April and October). β-caryophyllene, used as a marker compound in the essential oil, was identified and quantified by gas chromatography (GC) analysis. Gas chromatography/mass (GC-MS) spectrometry analysis was also used to identify other components of in vitro cultures and to compare with in vivo-grown plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were used to assess the genetic diversity within and among seven Tunisian diploid and polyploid populations of Teucrium polium L. from five bioclimatic areas. Out of the 141 bands generated from eight selected primers, 124 were polymorphic. The genetic diversity within a population (Shannon’s index) was high and varied according both the ploidal levels and bioclimatic zones. The genetic differentiation among populations assessed by GST and ΦST statistics was high, suggesting a low level of gene flow among them. The major proportion of the variation was attributable to individual differences within populations. The UPGMA analysis based on Nei and Li’s coefficient showed that individuals from each population clustered together. In a dendrogram using the ΦST distance matrix, population grouping is concordant with bioclimates and cytotypes. Conservation strategies should take into account the level of the genetic diversity of the populations according to their bioclimate and ploidal levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mercury (Hg) in dental amalgam is the world’s hidden source of mercury contamination. The development of more eco-friendly and cost-effective adsorbents to reduce mercury pollutants in wastewater is highly desirable and is still a major challenge. In this study, a novel nanocomposite was synthesized and used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution.A green and cost-effective method was described to the synthesis of SnO2-ZnO-eggshell nanocomposites using teucrium polium extract as a renewable reductant and mild stabilizer. The biosynthesized nanocomposites were characterized by various techniques. The novel SnO2-ZnO-eggshell nanocomposites were used as an effective adsorbent in the removal of mercury (II) ions. To achieve the maximum absorption efficiency of Hg(II) ions, the effect of operating factors such as pH value, the dose of catalyst, the initial metal concentration of Hg(II) ions, and catalyst type were evaluated.The removal percentage and adsorption capacity of Hg(II) were obtained 99.15% and 396.6 mg.g−1, respectively, under optimal conditions after 5 minutes. The selectivity of SnO2-ZnO-eggshell nanocomposites for the adsorption of metal ions was studied, and the highest selectivity was obtained for adsorption of Hg (II) ions. Furthermore, the SnO2- ZnO-eggshell nanocomposites could be recovered and reused at least three times without considerable loss of their efficiency.The present approach has advantages such as rapidity, simplicity, selectivity, low cost and, most importantly, the use of nanocomposites containing a bio-waste material of eggshell for removal of Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution.Methods: Mercury (Hg) in dental amalgam is the world’s hidden source of mercury contamination. The development of more eco-friendly and cost-effective adsorbents to reduce mercury pollutants in wastewater is highly desirable and is still a major challenge. In this study, a novel nanocomposite was synthesized and used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution.A green and cost-effective method was described to the synthesis of SnO2-ZnO-eggshell nanocomposites using teucrium polium extract as a renewable reductant and mild stabilizer. The biosynthesized nanocomposites were characterized by various techniques. The novel SnO2-ZnO-eggshell nanocomposites were used as an effective adsorbent in the removal of mercury (II) ions. To achieve the maximum absorption efficiency of Hg(II) ions, the effect of operating factors such as pH value, the dose of catalyst, the initial metal concentration of Hg(II) ions, and catalyst type were evaluated.The removal percentage and adsorption capacity of Hg(II) were obtained 99.15% and 396.6 mg.g−1, respectively, under optimal conditions after 5 minutes. The selectivity of SnO2-ZnO-eggshell nanocomposites for the adsorption of metal ions was studied, and the highest selectivity was obtained for adsorption of Hg (II) ions. Furthermore, the SnO2- ZnO-eggshell nanocomposites could be recovered and reused at least three times without considerable loss of their efficiency.The present approach has advantages such as rapidity, simplicity, selectivity, low cost and, most importantly, the use of nanocomposites containing a bio-waste material of eggshell for removal of Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution.Results: Mercury (Hg) in dental amalgam is the world’s hidden source of mercury contamination. The development of more eco-friendly and cost-effective adsorbents to reduce mercury pollutants in wastewater is highly desirable and is still a major challenge. In this study, a novel nanocomposite was synthesized and used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution.A green and cost-effective method was described to the synthesis of SnO2-ZnO-eggshell nanocomposites using teucrium polium extract as a renewable reductant and mild stabilizer. The biosynthesized nanocomposites were characterized by various techniques. The novel SnO2-ZnO-eggshell nanocomposites were used as an effective adsorbent in the removal of mercury (II) ions. To achieve the maximum absorption efficiency of Hg(II) ions, the effect of operating factors such as pH value, the dose of catalyst, the initial metal concentration of Hg(II) ions, and catalyst type were evaluated.The removal percentage and adsorption capacity of Hg(II) were obtained 99.15% and 396.6 mg.g−1, respectively, under optimal conditions after 5 minutes. The selectivity of SnO2-ZnO-eggshell nanocomposites for the adsorption of metal ions was studied, and the highest selectivity was obtained for adsorption of Hg (II) ions. Furthermore, the SnO2- ZnO-eggshell nanocomposites could be recovered and reused at least three times without considerable loss of their efficiency.The present approach has advantages such as rapidity, simplicity, selectivity, low cost and, most importantly, the use of nanocomposites containing a bio-waste material of eggshell for removal of Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution.Conclusions: Mercury (Hg) in dental amalgam is the world’s hidden source of mercury contamination. The development of more eco-friendly and cost-effective adsorbents to reduce mercury pollutants in wastewater is highly desirable and is still a major challenge. In this study, a novel nanocomposite was synthesized and used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution.A green and cost-effective method was described to the synthesis of SnO2-ZnO-eggshell nanocomposites using teucrium polium extract as a renewable reductant and mild stabilizer. The biosynthesized nanocomposites were characterized by various techniques. The novel SnO2-ZnO-eggshell nanocomposites were used as an effective adsorbent in the removal of mercury (II) ions. To achieve the maximum absorption efficiency of Hg(II) ions, the effect of operating factors such as pH value, the dose of catalyst, the initial metal concentration of Hg(II) ions, and catalyst type were evaluated.The removal percentage and adsorption capacity of Hg(II) were obtained 99.15% and 396.6 mg.g−1, respectively, under optimal conditions after 5 minutes. The selectivity of SnO2-ZnO-eggshell nanocomposites for the adsorption of metal ions was studied, and the highest selectivity was obtained for adsorption of Hg (II) ions. Furthermore, the SnO2- ZnO-eggshell nanocomposites could be recovered and reused at least three times without considerable loss of their efficiency.The present approach has advantages such as rapidity, simplicity, selectivity, low cost and, most importantly, the use of nanocomposites containing a bio-waste material of eggshell for removal of Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]