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Multipurpose trees, like the moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.), have become extremely popular in an attempt to reduce food, nutritional, and economic instability. The significant benefits of moringa's leaves, pods, seeds, roots, and flowers are used in a wide range of commercial fields, including medicine, cosmetics, food, animal feed, water purification, and more. We applied a questionnaire-based survey to reveal the uses, problems and solutions related to the knowledge, uses and constraints of moringa in the region of Chapainawabganj and Kushtia districts in Bangladesh. Including the easiest propagation process and the lowest cultivation costs, year-round flowering, and production provide moringa with a wide window of opportunity. Besides using regular pruning of moringa branches, respondents make trees bushy to increase fruit and leaf production. Respondents from both regions opined that moringa has a good market value, increases family income, increases opportunity for fallow land utilization, enhances employment opportunities, and is known as a nutritive and multipurpose tree. We were pleased to find that moringa output regularly exceeded previous production records in Bangladesh from 2014–16 to 2020–21. Furthermore, our survey shows that a 5-year-old moringa tree provides a satisfactory yield per season with its high market price and demand. Despite the extensive use of moringa fruits and leaves by respondents, its commercial potential remains largely undeveloped and unknown to them. Constraints like limited scientific knowledge and technological infrastructure are the reasons why the elusive potential of moringa in Bangladesh persists. There is ample opportunity to enhance moringa production via effective management techniques, which will satisfy community demand and create market opportunities both locally and internationally. As a result, smallholder farmers' livelihoods and food and nutritional security can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A characteristic feature of modern electrotechnical complexes and systems characterized by a large functional diversity is a wide quantitative range of different types of cable products related to their interface devices. The reliability of cables has a direct impact on the quality of functioning of electrical products, the safety of their operation during technical use and maintenance, and in some cases during repairs. It is obvious that increased climatic, mechanical, chemical and other loads worsen the quality characteristics of cables, causing increased scientific and practical interest in the trends of their changes, which have a direct impact on the deadlines for the normal operation of cable products. In such typical operating conditions, marine electrical equipment, in particular, including a large number of its cables, functions, since many vessels can be in various, significantly different climatic conditions at relatively short intervals of operation. The deterioration of the quality characteristics of marine cable products is also influenced by significantly varying mechanical loads, mainly caused by vibration of electrical equipment during operation of the main engines. The projected increase in the degree of electrification of ships, as well as electrical complexes and systems of many other branches of economic and household activity, increases the relevance of the research topic. Based on in-depth data collection and qualitative analysis, studies of the technical condition of shipboard cable products based on the principles of modern statistics have been carried out, the results of which should be used as initial data when building effective models for diagnosing the quality of cable products and predicting its residual service life, preventing premature cable replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of low-temperature plasma generated at atmospheric pressure was studied in term of reduction of bacterial contamination and influence on nutritional characteristics of allspice (Pimenta dioica). The low-temperature plasma was generated in ambient air using Diffuse Coplanar Surface Barrier Discharge (DCSBD). The bacterial species inoculated on the surface of samples were reduced in dependence on exposure time. Plasma treatment time of 240 s led to log10 CFU/g of Salmonella Enteritidis to below detection level (1.0 log10 CFU/g) from initial population of 7.64 log10 CFU/g. After treatment with DCSBD plasma for 300 s, the populations of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus subtilis endospores were decreased by 2.85 log10 CFU/g and 1.70 log10 CFU/g, respectively. The parameters related to the decontamination effect were measured. Temperature of samples does not exceed the value declared as low-temperature limit and water activity decreased after plasma treatment. The effect of plasma on the qualitative properties of allspice studied by infrared spectroscopy showed no changes in characteristic chemical bonds on the surface and also inside the samples. Measurements of polyphenolics content in allspice showed that plasma has negligible impact on these main constituents affecting taste and flavor. The experiments demonstrated an efficient reduction in microbial contamination and minimal influence on the aroma profile of treated and stored spice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to determine and compare the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of dissolved organic matters (DOM) from eight aquatic macrophytes in a eutrophic lake. C, H, N, and P in ground dry leaves and C, N, and P in DOM of the species were determined, and C/N, C/P, C/H, DOC/C, TDN/N, TDP/P, DOC/TDN, and DOC/TDP were calculated. Chemical structures of the DOM were characterized by the use of multiple techniques including UV-visible, FT-IR, and C CP/MAS spectra. The results showed subtle differences in quantity and quality of DOM among species and life-forms. Except oriental pepper which had a C/H of 0.7, C/H of all the other species was 0.6. C/N and C/P of ground leaves was 10.5-17.3 and 79.4-225.3, respectively, which were greater in floating and submerged species than in the others. Parrot feather also had a small C/P (102.8). DOC/C, TDN/N, and TDP/P were 7.6-16.8, 5.5-22.6, and 22.9-45.6 %, respectively. Except C/N in emergent and riparian species, C/N in the other species and C/P in all the species were lower in their DOM than in the ground leaves. DOM of the macrophytes had a SUVA value of 0.83-1.80. The FT-IR and C NMR spectra indicated that the DOM mainly contained polysaccharides and/or amino acids/proteins. Percent of carbohydrates in the DOM was 37.3-66.5 % and was highest in parrot feather (66.5 %) and crofton weed (61.5 %). DOM of water hyacinth, water lettuce, and sago pondweed may have the greatest content of proteins. Aromaticity of the DOM was from 6.9 % in water lettuce to 17.8 % in oriental pepper. DOM of the macrophytes was also different in polarity and percent of Ar-OH. Distinguished characteristics in quantity and quality of the macrophyte-derived DOM may induce unique environmental consequences in the lake systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]