Search

A port system is a system of two or more ports, located in proximity within a given area. In literature, various geographical and functional scales have been identified ranging from complete coastlines to the notions of a 'range' and a 'multi-port gateway region'. Not only does the spatial scale create confusion on the true functional delineation of port systems, but it also complicates a clear understanding of the relational mechanisms at stake within these port systems. This paper revisits existing approaches to and empirical delineations of port systems. Maritime network analysis techniques are deployed to understand hierarchies and interdependencies among nodes of container port systems and sub-systems in North Europe and Northeast Asia. The results provide additional insights on how ports interact from a maritime services' perspectives and demonstrate whether or not ports which are traditionally considered as belonging to the same port system can in reality be considered forming a fully integrated port system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's global shipping connectivity had been somewhat overlooked as the bulk of related studies predominantly focused on the throughput volume of its own port cities. This article tackles such lacunae by providing a relational perspective based on the extraction of vessel movement archives from the Lloyd's List corpus. Two complementary analyses are proposed: long-term dynamics with all ships included (1890-2008) and medium-term dynamics focusing on container flows (1978-2016). Each analysis examines China's maritime connectivity in various ways and on different spatial scales, from the global to the local, in terms of concentration, vulnerability, and expansion. The main results underline the influence of technological, economic, and political factors on the changing distribution of connectivity internally and externally. In particular, China has managed to reduce its dependence upon external transit hubs, to increase the internal connectivity of its own port system, and to strengthen its dominance towards an increasing number of foreign nodes and trade partners through the maritime network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The particular location of port infrastructure holds characteristics that determine the activity of the port, both with respect to traffic and with respect to implementing competitive strategies; and the efficiency and efficacy of infrastructure depend on the governance systems that regulate the ports. Likewise, the development of port activity echoes in the regional economy as well, hence governance becomes integral to maximizing the impact of ports on their region's economic development. However, the activity of a port transcends the domestic/regional frontiers, as long as the port intends to take part in a global supply chain. Achieving this aim poses a challenge on the authorities that govern port activity, and this challenge needs to be seized when it comes to adjusting the governance to external and internal goals. In the specific case of the analysed ports, the prevailing governance model is known as Landlord, which differs noticeably from port to port. These differences make it possible to distinguish the orientation of European ports from that of the analysed Latin American ports, showing a dissimilar adjustment of the conception of governance that followed objectives that were not simultaneous. The paper draws forth a questioning of the uniqueness of the denomination Landlord and its legitimacy given the new challenges. Furthermore, the paper opens the way to understanding the need to adapt governance to changes, given the examined experiences. The analysis covers the following cases: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, France, Italy, Portugal and Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Hautarzt is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In China with the implement of the strategy of overall opening up to the outside world, northeast China has basically formed an open pattern with simultineous development of border opening and coast opening. As a national window to open up to the outside world, an open port system in northeast region has formed. These ports can be classified from different angles, such as management level, transport mode, location. From management level, they can be classified into the state first-class ports and the second-class ports. According to transpost mode, they can be divided into railway port, highway port, water transport port, air transport port and special mode port, and based on location, they can be divided into border port, coast port and inland port. The paper introduces in detail the foreign trade connection of 4 most representative state first-class border ports: Hunchun, Suifenhe, Heihe and Manzhouli. The open ports of northeast coast region mean mainly coast water transport ports in Liaodong Peninsula. The foreign trade connection of coast open ports: Dandong, Jinzhou, Yinkou and Dalian is expounded. And the paper also analyses the transport connection of ports of northeast region with their hinterlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Port catheters have been increasingly used in recent years. Using one case as an example, we demonstrate how an anatomic variation can easily become a pitfall when inserting a central venous catheter, port catheter, pacemaker or Swan-Ganz catheter. We report a case of persistent left superior vena cava, the most common variation in the thoracic venous system. Since these procedures are increasingly being performed, surgeons, anesthesiologists and radiologists should be aware of the possible anatomic variations. The French version of this article is available in the form of electronic supplementary material and can be obtained by using the Springer Link server located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-002-0088-4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]