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The impact of stigmatisation on adults with mental illnesses has been thoroughly demonstrated. However, little is known about experiences of stigmatisation among adolescents with mental illness. Through semi-structured interviews with 34 Danish adolescents (14–19 years) diagnosed with psychosis, this study explores adolescents' experiences of psychosis stigma. On the basis of phenomenological analysis, we find that stigmatisation is widely experienced, and psychosis is generally regarded as more stigmatising than co-morbid mental illnesses. The participants engage in different strategies to manage possible stigma, especially strategies of (non-)disclosure. Disclosure is experienced as both therapeutic and normative, but also bears the risk of stigmatisation, and is therefore associated with numerous considerations. Being understood when disclosing is central to the participants, and lack of understanding from others is a continuous challenge. Nevertheless, participants experience benefits when feeling understood by people they confide in and can to a degree create the grounds for this through centralising aspects of their experiences of psychosis and mental illness. We argue that disclosure is both a stigma management strategy and a normative imperative, and that being understood or not is a challenge transcending stigma definitions. Clinical trial registration: Danish Health and Medicines Authority: 2612-4168. The Ethics Committee of Capital Region: H-3-2009-123. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01119014. Danish Data Protection Agency: 2009-41-3991. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of gravity on the flow pattern and thermal efficiency of a single-loop oscillatory heat pipe. To simulate the influence of gravity, the deployment angles of the mechanism are varied (30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°). OpenFoam software is implemented to model boiling and condensation in the oscillating heat pipe, utilizing the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The evaporator is supplied with 55.5 W of heat power, the condenser wall temperature is maintained at 300 K, and the filling ratio of heat transfer fluid (water) is 40%. The findings revealed that decrease in gravitational force results in the thermal resistance be increased and the thermal performance of heat pipes be diminished. Expectedly, the best thermal performance in the oscillating heat pipe is observed in vertical mode, however, this study also examines the influence of reduced gravity. The simulation results show that the bubble pattern is first initiated by the bubble nucleation at the start of the heating process. Consequently, by bubble coalescence the slug and annular regimes can be observed. The phenomenological analysis of the dissolution, bubble coalescence, growth, and contraction observed in this study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inquiry-based science education has been advocated as a goal in the South African school science curriculum. Despite this goal, the implementation of inquiry in this country has been largely fragmented due to contextual factors that exert an influence on its traction in the classroom. This phenomenologically orientated study reports on the experiences of 9 South African science teachers of inquiry-based teaching at disadvantaged schools. The study draws on interview data to understand teachers' challenges and successes in inquiry-based teaching. The following 5 themes emerged from an analysis of interview transcripts: (a) equity and quality; (b) a double-edged sword; (c) wicked solutions to wicked problems; (d) learner motivation; and (e) school commitment to inquiry. Despite tremendous obstacles at disadvantaged schools, the teachers were able to demonstrate resilience in implementing an adaptive form of inquiry that enable their learners to have experiences that supported authentic and autonomous learning that addressed higher-order thinking. This finding invites future research on the classroom practices of teachers who are able to enact inquiry-based teaching in overcoming contextual factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People may assume that the counseling profession functions with a shared set of values that promote well-being and mental health to individuals, families, and communities across the globe. Common values, such as described in training programs, ethical codes, and other areas, reflect the approach and direction for providing professional counseling services among counseling professionals throughout the world. The researchers designed this qualitative study using a phenomenological approach to explore how counseling values are experienced and implemented across various cultures. The 16 participants of the study include counseling professionals from different countries to increase representation from eight regions of the world. The researchers recognize valued approaches commonly identified among the participants implementing counseling services, including marital and family counseling, child and school counseling, faith integration, indigenous practices, and person-centered safe spaces. While each of these valued approaches is described in detail, final applications of the data offer proposed steps to improve the advancement of counseling on a global scale, including strategies for transcultural counseling training, resource adaptability, and bilateral development in the profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased reports in public schools and depictions on social media signify racial harassment is quite prevalent in the lives of black students in the United States. However, the degree to which research has focused on the specific forms of racial harassment in school and its emotional effects remain understudied. This phenomenological study explored the retrospective accounts of racial harassment in the public-school experiences of a sample of older black youth and the emotional consequences of such encounters. Findings from the participants indicate the most prevalent form of racial harassment occurred in the form of subtle assaults and racial slights, followed by verbal and physical assaults. Participants were also more likely to express anger and sadness in their accounts of racial harassment. Discussion focuses on how racial harassment has adverse emotional consequences and the need for interventions that address racial healing, bias reduction, and emotional regulation for adults and students in school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies suggest that fluid motion in the extracellular space may be involved in the cellular mechanosensitivity at play in the bone tissue adaptation process. Previously, the authors developed a mesoscale predictive structural model of the femur using truss elements to represent trabecular bone, relying on a phenomenological strain-based bone adaptation algorithm. In order to introduce a response to bending and shear, the authors considered the use of beam elements, requiring a new formulation of the bone adaptation drivers. The primary goal of the study presented here was to isolate phenomenological drivers based on the results of a mechanistic approach to be used with a beam element representation of trabecular bone in mesoscale structural modelling. A single-beam model and a microscale poroelastic model of a single trabecula were developed. A mechanistic iterative adaptation algorithm was implemented based on fluid motion velocity through the bone matrix pores to predict the remodelled geometries of the poroelastic trabecula under 42 different loading scenarios. Regression analyses were used to correlate the changes in poroelastic trabecula thickness and orientation to the initial strain outputs of the beam model. Linear ( $$R^2>0.998$$ ) and third-order polynomial ( $$R^2 >0.98$$ ) relationships were found between change in cross section and axial strain at the central axis, and between beam reorientation and ratio of bending strain to axial strain, respectively. Implementing these relationships into the phenomenological predictive algorithm for the mesoscale structural femur has the potential to produce a model combining biofidelic structure and mechanical behaviour with computational efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the practice of existential therapy as a process of engaged understanding for lived meaning. Understanding is viewed as a validating, contextualizing and resolute process of unfolding of what matters in the life projects of those entrusted to our care. Such 'matterings,' or meanings, are neither lost, found nor created, but lived in each moment of our lives, and most fully disclose themselves in the engaged participation of the therapeutic relationship. Our engagement both provides respect and dignity of any way of be-ing in situations, and offers the possibility of 'being otherwise,' if one chooses to do so, without privileging how one should be over how one has been or how one is in one's current circumstance. This kind of practice is based on the human science tradition and inseparability of existential-hermeneutical-phenomenological thought and practice; We meaningfully experience through understanding our ownmost limitations and possibilities within a shared human condition. Important distinctions are made in these reflections between a more familiar 'deficit-correction' model of care and the stance suggested in this paper: An understanding-collaboration model of care. The latter model places a primacy on 'being-with' as both an ontological, or inherent and common given of the human condition, and as an ontic, or particular, expression of therapeutic care. The paper closes with suggested implications for evidence-based concerns in relation to this project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a lack of clarity about the technical interventions of existential psychotherapy. The approach has been described dichotomously as being more descriptive or more hermeneutic, as being anti-technique or relying on intervention exclusively experiential nature. This paper presents a genetic-phenomenological approach of existential psychotherapy and argues that it uses both postures and therapeutic techniques that are interconnected and influence each other in the therapeutic process. The existential therapist's interventions are based in part on common factors but also on specific techniques. The paper presents a theoretical framework of existential psychotherapy and a definition of the postures and intervention techniques of the genetic-phenomenological approach of existential psychotherapy. The aim is to contribute to the clarification of what type of interventions the existential therapist may use during the therapeutic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A primary aspect of existential and phenomenological methodologies is an attempt to understand one's experience. In particular, phenomenology attempts to understand one's experience in as pure of a form as possible. From an existential perspective, additional emphasis is placed upon the lived aspects of one's experience. This paper outlines an existential-phenomenological approach to the psychology of religion. First, a brief history and summary of major themes of existential psychology is introduced. Next, this is applied to the psychology of religion. Last, the existential-phenomenological approach is considered in the context of the existential givens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to the description of a generalized approach developed for over-coming the fundamental difficulties that occur when the phenomenological field theory is extended from homogeneous to heterogeneous media. The origin of these difficulties lies in the kinematics of heterogeneous media where different constituents have in general different velocities at the same macroscopic point. The key idea of the generalized approach consists in choosing a reference velocity field v* independent of the movement of the matter. The consequences are examined at different levels. First of all, generalized balance relations lead to a consistent expression of the fundamental law of mechanics and of the first and second principles of thermodynamics in heterogeneous media. Unexpected consequences are linked to the objective nature of the entropy source. Moreover, this generalized approach exhibits a new set of relations between phenomenological and physical variables. Finally, it provides a common, consistent background for different existing theories derived for heterogeneous media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]