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Federally funded medical and behavioral healthcare programs often have substantial evaluation outcome tracking and reporting requirements, which can become burdensome to program staff resulting in decreased buy-in, increased chance of staff burnout and turnover, and less rigorous and consistent data collection efforts. To address this issue, a novel data collection approach, "exception reporting," was implemented to supplement and support the required data collection for a federally funded Assertive Outpatient Treatment (AOT) program. This work details the process and outcomes related to exception reporting for this comprehensive behavioral health treatment program that serves justice involved clients with serious mental illness (SMI). Results indicate that exception reporting was easily integrated into clinician's normal workflows and resulted in a number of benefits. Specifically, results indicated that exception reporting decreased the data collection burden for program staff while allowing them to efficiently track program outcomes required by the funder. Additional research into which practice settings exception reporting can most easily be integrated into, and which client outcomes may be best tracked using this methodology, is indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our daily lives, we spontaneously or passively make various social comparisons. In terms of the abilities that are closely linked to our lives, how interpersonal distance affects outcome evaluation in an ability-based social comparison context is largely unknown. In the current study, we used a 2 interpersonal distance × 2 self-outcome × 2 other-outcome within-participant factorial design to investigate how interpersonal distance affects the processing of accuracy outcomes and monetary reward outcomes in social comparison from a temporal processing perspective (N = 25, Mage = 19.84, 52% female). Event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured while the participants performed a dot estimation task with a friend and with a stranger. Regarding behavioral level, the participants were more satisfied when they received positive outcomes and preferred positive outcomes for the friend over the stranger. Regarding ERP level, the effect of interpersonal distance on the processing of judgment accuracy outcomes in social comparison was reflected in the FRN and P300. Specifically, whether the participants were paired with a friend or a stranger, the FRN was larger for other-incorrect than for other-correct in the self-incorrect condition. Only when a participant was paired with a stranger was the FRN larger for stranger-incorrect than for stranger-correct in the self-correct condition. Additionally, the P300 was larger when the participants received the same outcomes as the strangers. Overall, our findings suggest that interpersonal distance moderates the evaluation of social comparison outcomes. Even in a noncompetitive context, individuals tend to compare themselves to strangers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Multicomponent interventions are recommendable to achieve the greatest mental health benefits, but are difficult to evaluate due to their complexity. Defining long-term outcomes, arising from a Theory of Change (ToC) and testing them in a pilot phase, is a useful approach to plan a comprehensive and meaningful evaluation later on. This article reports on the pilot results of an outcome evaluation of a complex mental health intervention and examines whether appropriate evaluation measures and indicators have been selected ahead of a clustered randomised control trial (cRCT). Methods: The MENTUPP pilot is an evidence-based intervention for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) active in three work sectors and nine countries. Based on our ToC, we selected the MENTUPP long-term outcomes, which are reported in this article, are measured with seven validated scales assessing mental wellbeing, burnout, depression, anxiety, stigma towards depression and anxiety, absenteeism and presenteeism. The pilot MENTUPP intervention assessment took place at baseline and at 6 months follow-up. Results: In total, 25 SMEs were recruited in the MENTUPP pilot and 346 participants completed the validated scales at baseline and 96 at follow-up. Three long-term outcomes significantly improved at follow-up (p < 0.05): mental wellbeing, symptoms of anxiety, and personal stigmatising attitudes towards depression and anxiety. Conclusions: The results of this outcome evaluation suggest that MENTUPP has the potential to strengthen employees' wellbeing and decrease anxiety symptoms and stigmatising attitudes. Additionally, this study demonstrates the utility of conducting pilot workplace interventions to assess whether appropriate measures and indicators have been selected. Based on the results, the intervention and the evaluation strategy have been optimised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient satisfaction following rhinoplasty is a growing area of research; and researchers have developed various validated tools to evaluate postoperative outcomes. It remains a key measure of surgical success with functional and aesthetic outcomes. The current study aims to assess patient satisfaction with cosmetic and functional surgical outcomes following rhinoplasty in the Saudi population via the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS). Methods: This study was conducted in a cross-sectional design with an electronic survey among adult patients 6 to 12 months after rhinoplasty in a private center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The SCHNOS assessment tool was used in this study, a simple, valid, and reliable method for evaluating the success of cosmetic rhinoplasty. Results: A total of 205 patients participated in the current study. Results showed significant differences in the SCHNOS-O subscale in those aged > 35 years (median = 10.0, IQR = 0.0–27.5) being significantly lower than those of the other age categories. Furthermore, divorced participants scored higher than those married (median = 47.5, IQR = 45.0–60.0). Finally, participants with the highest household income scored lower nasal obstruction scores (median = 30.0, IQR = 10.0–40.0) than those in the lowest income category. Conclusions: Saudi patients above the age of 35 reported higher satisfaction levels with the surgical outcome following rhinoplasty. Divorced patients were more likely to be dissatisfied with the surgical outcome. Compared to patients in other parts of the Kingdom, patients in the Central region had fewer nasal obstruction symptoms and better cosmetic results. Level of evidence: Not ratable [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clinical questions of acupuncture-moxibustion (Acup-Mox) guidelines are complicated, including not only the curative effect of Acup-Mox intervention measures, but also the operational elements of Acup-Mox. This paper aimed to put forward the idea and process of collecting clinical questions in developing international acupuncture clinical practice guidelines. The experience was collected and the idea of collecting clinical questions of Acup-Mox was formed through expert consultation and discussion in combination with expert opinions. Based on the characteristics of Acup-Mox discipline. This paper put forward the thinking of collecting elements of clinical questions following the intervention-population-outcome-control (I-P-O-C) inquiry process, according to the discipline of Acup-Mox. It was emphasized that in the process of collecting clinical questions, "treatable population" and "alleviable outcome indicators" for a specific Acup-Mox intervention with certain therapeutic effect should be focused on, so as to highlight the pertinence of clinical questions of Acup-Mox guidelines in terms of population and outcome elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aesthetic facial contouring procedures have gained an increasing popularity in the Asian population. Nevertheless, currently, there are few specific literature assessments and studies on the outcomes of rhinoplasty combined with full-face fat graft contouring. To conduct an objective evaluation of the efficacy of Asian rhinoplasty combined with autologous facial fat transfer in terms of 3-dimensional measurement and patient-reported outcomes. Methods: Patients who underwent rhinoplasty combined with full-face fat transfer for facial contouring between January 2016 and July 2019 were recruited in the study. The preoperative and postoperative clinical variables and 3-dimensional measurement of patients were also collected. The satisfaction outcome of surgeons and patients was assessed. Results: Twenty patients completed rhinoplasty with full-face fat transfer. The average postoperative follow-up was 10.2 months (range 6–24 months). The nasal length, and the nasal protrusion rate were significantly increased (p < 0.05) after surgery, and the median number of nasolabial angles decreased from 106° to 101°, which was closer to the aesthetic standard of 90°–100°. The topographical projection images of whole face indicated that the volume of frontal, temporal, inner cheek and chin regions were increased obviously. All cases received satisfaction outcome based on surgeons' satisfaction scale, ROE scale, FACE-Q overall facial satisfaction scale, and FACE-Q Rhinoplasty scale. Additionally, no patients had intraoperative or postoperative complications. Conclusions: Rhinoplasty combined with full-face fat transfer is a reliable and effective method of augmenting and contouring the facial convexity in the Asian populations. Level of Evidence IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acetabular fractures are prognostic relevant fractures in terms of function and daily activities. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is still the gold-standard in treating these injuries. Over recent years, several reports are dealing with outcome evaluations but have the main disadvantage of combining several fracture types., Thus, it remains unclear to discuss a fracture-based prognosis. This analysis evaluated fracture-type specific results in terms of clinical and radiological outcome. Analyzing elementary fracture types, pure transverse and isolated posterior column fractures are associated with relevant functional impairments. Except for posterior column fractures all other elementary fracture types were associated with degenerative changes in nearly 20%. Anterior column fractures seems to be “forgiving fractures” as they are associated with the longest median time until hip joint failure occurs. In associated fracture-types T-shaped fractures are still demanding fractures with < 60% anatomic reductions and a high rate of functional impairments. All associated fracture types are associated with a relevant rate of secondary degeneration of the hip joint between 20 and 40% of patients. Early hip joint failure (THR, Femoral head necrosis, severe heterotopic ossification) within the 1st year is frequently seen in associated posterior column and posterior wall fractures, but with a relative good prognosis, if the joint survived the first year after ORIF. The highest survival rates of the hip joint is observed with ABC-fractures. Also, these fractures seem to be “forgiving fractures”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International student-mobility programs are one of the core programs countries employ as part of their public diplomacy portfolio. Policymakers assume that sponsored foreign students would develop positive beliefs about and emotions towards the host country, which in turn would lead to favorable behavior towards it. However, evaluations of such programs from a public diplomacy perspective are rare and Western-centric. In this paper, we analyze how Global Korea Scholarship students' cognitive and affective evaluations of Korea influence their country image and word-of-mouth about Korea; i.e., in how they voluntarily share their experiences in Korea with others. We use variance-based partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze the data obtained from surveying 1107 scholarship holding foreign students. Our findings suggest that students evaluate Korea most positively in terms of its culture and nature, while their evaluations are not as positive in terms of the integrity and values of the country. For positive word-of-mouth, affection towards Korea plays the most significant role, while for negative word-of-mouth, the students' beliefs about the country's integrity and values had the most influence. Our findings help identify the strengths and weaknesses in Korea's country image which can, in turn, inform and shape policies accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although cybersecurity is a major present concern, it is not a required subject in University. In response, we developed Cyber World which introduces students to eight highly important cybersecurity topics (primarily taught by none cybersecurity experts). We embedded it into our critical thinking Common Course (core curriculum) which is a team-taught first-year experience required for all students. Cyber World was first taught in Fall 2018 to a cohort of over 150 students from various majors at the University of New Haven. This article presents the evaluation of our Fall taught course. In detail, we compare the performance of Cyber World students to other Common Course sections that ran in parallel and conclude that despite the higher workload students performed equally well. Furthermore, we assess the students' development throughout the course with respect to their cybersecurity knowledge where our results indicate a significant gain of knowledge. Note, this article also presents the idea and topics of Cyber World; however a detailed explanation has been released previously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neural responses to others' decision-making outcomes can be modulated by many social factors. Using the event-related potential (ERP) technique, we explored the neural mechanisms of empathic concern modulating evaluative processing of others' outcomes. Participants were asked to perform a gambling task for three beneficiaries: themselves and two strangers. One stranger was an economically underprivileged student requiring help (high-empathy condition); the other stranger was a student with no upsetting information to induce empathic concern (low-empathy condition). ERP results showed that the valence effect of the feedback-related negativity (FRN) was larger when participants exhibited high empathic concern than when they did not. The FRN responses to strangers' outcomes in the high-empathy condition were as strong as those to their own outcomes. The P300 showed no differences between the low- and high-empathy conditions. These findings indicate that empathic concern could modulate the early stage of outcome processing, implying empathic emotional/altruistic motivational impacts of others' outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few decades, a community-based approach was seen to be the "gold standard" for health promotion and disease prevention, especially in the field of socially deprived neighborhoods in urban areas. Up to the beginning of the 2000s, earlier reviews provide valuable information on activities in this context. However, in their conclusions they were limited to North America and Europe. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review on community-based health promotion and prevention programs worldwide. The Pubmed and PsycINFO databases were screened for relevant articles published between January 2002 and December 2018, revealing 101 potentially eligible publications out of 3646 hits. After a systematic review process including searching the reference lists, 32 papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Twenty-four (75.0%) articles reported improvements in at least one health behavior, health service access, health literacy, and/or a range of health status outcomes. Large-scale community-based health promotion programs, however, often resulted in limited or missing population-wide changes. Possible reasons are methodological limitations, concurrent context effects, and limitations of the interventions used. Our results confirm that community-based interventions are promising for health promotion and disease prevention but so far their potential is not fully realized. For the future, such interventions should aim at proximal outcomes and invest in community capacity building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has revealed that interpersonal relationships and social comparisons play important roles in evaluating outcomes. To our knowledge, how interpersonal relationships influence the process of outcome evaluations in a social comparison context remains largely unclear. In the current study, participants engaged in a simple gambling task with an acquaintance or a stranger and received outcome feedback. Behavioral results showed that participants' satisfaction level was sensitive to the outcome of their fellow players when participants won. In this condition, the satisfaction level was greater when their fellow players won rather than lost. Moreover, the satisfaction level was greater when their friends won compared with when a stranger won. Event-related potential (ERP) results showed that when participants won, the feedback-related negativity (FRN) was more negative going for other's losses than for other's gains. Moreover, the FRN was also more negative going for a stranger's gains than a friend's gains. In contrast, in the self-loss condition, the FRN was more negative going for other's gains than for other's losses regardless of the type of interpersonal relationship. These FRN findings indicate that the experience of other's outcomes is sensitive to participants' own outcomes. Importantly, the interpersonal relationship only showed its influence when both the self and others received monetary gains. Finally, the P300 registered participants' attention resource allocation toward monetary gains for themselves and for others, which was unaffected by the interpersonal relationship. This work reveals that outcome evaluation in various social comparison contexts is sensitive to the difference in interpersonal relationship in its early stage, labeled by the FRN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individual self-construal (independent vs. interdependent) could be temporarily modulated by the priming effect. Our previous studies have found that when Chinese participants gambled for mother and for self, outcome feedback evoked comparable neural responses between two conditions. However, it remains unclear if the response to rewards for mother and for self would differ after independence self-construal priming. In this study, we manipulated participants’ self-construal (independent vs. interdependent) before a simple gambling task. The event-related potential (ERP) results reveal that when an interdependent self-construal was primed, the participants exhibited a comparable feedback-related negativity (FRN) elicited by outcome feedback for self and for mother. In contrast, independent self-construal priming resulted in a greater FRN elicited by outcome feedback for self than for mother. Meanwhile, the P3 component was insensitive to self-construal manipulation. These findings indicate the modulation effect of self-construal priming on the response to rewards for others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Calgary Counselling Centre offers therapy groups for both women whose partners abuse them, 'You're Not Alone' (YNA) and women who abuse partners, 'Responsible Choices for Women' (RCW). The study examines 262 group members (157 RCW & 105 YNA), comparing their demographics and scores on measures of physical and non-physical partner abuse, and mental health symptoms. At pretest, women in YNA reported significantly more problematic depression, anxiety, general distress and trauma symptoms than women in the RCW program. Nevertheless, the factorial repeated measures analysis of variance on pretest/posttest data from 177 women found statistically significant improvements on all four outcomes measures for women in both groups, although women in the YNA survivor groups made the most improvements on depression, stress and general distress. Clinical implications are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although waiting for a reward reduces or discounts its value, some people have a stronger tendency to wait for larger rewards and forgo smaller-but-immediate rewards. This ability to delay gratification is captured by individual differences in so-called intertemporal choices in which individuals are asked to choose between larger-but-delayed versus smaller-but-immediate rewards. The current study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine whether enhancement in two neurocognitive processes, outcome anticipation and outcome evaluation, modulate individual variability in intertemporal responses. After completing a behavioral intertemporal choice task, 34 participants performed an ERP gambling task. From this ERP task, we separately examined individual differences in outcome anticipation (stimulus-preceding negativity; SPN), early outcome valuation (feedback-related negativity; FRN), and late outcome evaluation (P3). We observed that both elevated outcome-anticipation (SPN) and late outcome-evaluation (P3) neural processes predicted a stronger preference toward larger-but-delayed rewards. No relationship was observed between intertemporal responses and early outcome evaluation (FRN), indicating that the relationship between outcome evaluation and intertemporal responses was specific to the late outcome-evaluation processing stream. Moreover, multiple regression analyses indicated that the SPN and P3 independently modulate individual differences in intertemporal responses, suggesting separate mechanisms underlie the relationship between these two neurocognitive processes and intertemporal responses. Accordingly, we identify two potential neurocognitive modulators of individual variability in intertemporal responses. We discuss the mechanisms underlying these modulators in terms of anticipation-related processing (SPN) and a saliency bias toward gain (compared to loss) outcomes (P3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While CHW interventions improve health outcomes, evidence identifying specific domains of CHW-delivered support resulting in positive outcomes is limited. Our goals were to identify domains of CHW-delivered support that assist families with adhering to recommended pediatric care; and, to identify predictors of successful completion of an enriched medical home intervention (EMHI) using trained CHWs making home visits to provide health education and support positive health behaviors. We performed a prospective descriptive study of 88 families participating in a protocol-based EMHI. Completers (N = 46) finished the program with mutual agreement that the family can independently adhere to recommended clinical care. Non-completers (N = 42) were lost to follow-up or dropped out of the program before reaching this milestone. Using Grounded Theory, two trained coders evaluated CHW tasks recorded in an electronic database and classified these tasks across 17 domains. We assessed predictors of EMHI completion using logistic regression. The 88 EMHI participants were primarily <24 months of age (80 %), Hispanic (56 %), and Medicaid enrollees (67 %). Hispanic families (OR = 2.76, p = 0.04) and those with self-reported program goals to 'facilitate family's creation of a system to keep track of child's medical information' (OR = 3.11, p = 0.02) or a 'newborn-specific goal' (OR = 3.21, p = 0.04), such as feeding and safety tips, were more likely to complete the EMHI compared to their counterparts. The most consistent CHW tasks were supporting medical appointments, medication maintenance, and providing health education. CHW interventions designed to improve health behavior outcomes of 'at-risk' families, including Medicaid enrollees, may benefit from support in goal-setting and strategies to systematically manage their child's medical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to recent increases in the use of feedback from outcome measures in mental health settings, we systematically reviewed evidence regarding the impact of feedback from outcome measures on treatment effectiveness, treatment efficiency, and collaborative practice. In over half of 32 studies reviewed, the feedback condition had significantly higher levels of treatment effectiveness on at least one treatment outcome variable. Feedback was particularly effective for not-on-track patients or when it was provided to both clinicians and patients. The findings for treatment efficiency and collaborative practice were less consistent. Given the heterogeneity of studies, more research is needed to determine when and for whom feedback is most effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Youth programs often rely on self-reported data without clear evidence as to the accuracy of these reports. Although the validity of self-reporting has been confirmed among some high school and college age students, one area that is absent from extant literature is a serious investigation among younger children. Moreover, there is theoretical evidence suggesting limited generalizability in extending findings on older students to younger populations. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the validity of academic and attendance self-reporting among children and youth. Method: This study relies on original data collected from 288 children and youth using Big Brothers Big Sisters enrollment and assessment data, paired with school-records from two local school divisions. Initially, we utilized percent agreement, validity coefficients, and average measures ICC scores to assess the response validity of self-reported academic and attendance measures. We then estimated the affects of several moderating factors on reporting agreement (using standardized difference scores). We also accounted for cross-informant associations with child reported GPA using a moderated multiple regression model. Results: Findings indicate that children and youth report their individual grades and attendance poorly. Particularly, younger and lower performing children are more likely to report falsely. However, there is some evidence that a mean construct measure of major subjects GPA is a slightly more valid indicator of academic achievement. Conclusion: Findings suggest that researchers and practitioners should exercise caution in using self-reported grades and attendance indicators from young and low-performing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study is to analyze scientifically the results of a rhinoplasty is a difficult task because of the multiplicity of surgical procedures and the subjective nature of the nose's beauty. Nevertheless, we wanted to evaluate open rhinoplasty by relying on objective and subjective criteria. Methods: From 2004 to 2011, a total of 155 patients underwent open septorhinoplasty at our hospital. After excluding patients lost to follow-up and those who underwent orthognathic surgery, 55 patients were included in the study. The evaluation was based on the clinical record, the standardized photographs, and the consultation of control. We studied in particular the nasolabial angle (NLA), the Goode ratio (projection/length of nose), and patient satisfaction using the rhinoplasty outcome evaluation form. Results: The columella-transalar incision tended to close the NLA ( p = 0.001) and lowered the Goode ratio ( p = 0.01), in contrast to the Réthi incision. The resection of the alar cartilages logically induced closure of the NLA ( p = 0.02) and a decrease of nose projection ( p = 0.001), whereas the use of a columellar strut induced a projection increase ( p = 0.01). Conclusion: Despite the existence of unavoidable measures bias, we confirmed a number of assumptions that had never been demonstrated statistically. Furthermore, we found that the incision used could affect the final result of a rhinoplasty. Level of Evidence IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Case-based instruction has been regarded by many as a viable alternative to traditional lecture-based education and training. However, little is known about how case-based training techniques impact training effectiveness. This study examined the effects of two such techniques: (a) presentation of alternative outcome scenarios to a case, and (b) conducting a structured outcome evaluation. Consistent with the hypotheses, results indicate that presentation of alternative outcome scenarios reduced knowledge acquisition, reduced sensemaking and ethical decision-making strategy use, and reduced decision ethicality. Conducting a structured outcome evaluation had no impact on these outcomes. Results indicate that those who use case-based instruction should take care to use clear, less complex cases with only a singular outcome if they are seeking these types of outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As collaborative groups gain popularity as an alternative means for addressing conflict over management of public lands, the need for methods to evaluate their effectiveness in achieving ecological and social goals increases. However, frameworks that examine both effectiveness of the collaborative process and its outcomes are poorly developed or altogether lacking. This paper presents and evaluates the utility of the holistic ecosystem health indicator (HEHI), a framework that integrates multiple ecological and socioeconomic criteria to evaluate management effectiveness of collaborative processes. Through the development and application of the HEHI to a collaborative in northern Arizona, the Diablo Trust, we present the opportunities and challenges in using this framework to evaluate the ecological and social outcomes of collaborative adaptive management. Baseline results from the first application of the HEHI are presented as an illustration of its potential as a co-adaptive management tool. We discuss lessons learned from the process of selecting indicators and potential issues to their long-term implementation. Finally, we provide recommendations for applying this framework to monitoring and adaptive management in the context of collaborative management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growing awareness of sustainable development, some European governments have implemented public policy with respect to sustainable investment funds aimed at individual investors. In this article, the public policies of two European central governments are compared: the Dutch Groenregeling and the Belgian Kringloopfonds. On the basis of intervention theory and Hanbergen’s evaluation framework (), we claim that public policy can impact upon the sustainable investment market, but that the outcomes of the public policy depend on how that policy is designed. Governments are likely to have a choice between a private and a public approach, in which private and public sustainable investment funds, respectively, play a key role. It is argued that a private approach, owing to the absence of uncertainty, in comparison to a public approach and the presence of a higher intermediation rate for sustainable investment funds, attracts more investors, leads to more sustainable investment funds being established as well as to more assets under management and sustainable projects being financed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new ambulatory technique for qualitative and quantitative movement analysis of the humerus is presented. 3D gyroscopes attached on the humerus were used to recognize the movement of the arm and to classify it as flexion, abduction and internal/external rotations. The method was first validated in a laboratory setting and then tested on 31 healthy volunteer subjects while carrying the ambulatory system during 8 h of their daily life. For each recording, the periods of sitting, standing and walking during daily activity were detected using an inertial sensor attached on the chest. During each period of daily activity the type of arm movement (flexion, abduction, internal/external rotation) its velocity and frequency (number of movement/hour) were estimated. The results showed that during the whole daily activity and for each activity (i.e. walking, sitting and walking) the frequency of internal/external rotation was significantly higher while the frequency of abduction was the lowest ( P < 0.009). In spite of higher number of flexion, abduction and internal/external rotation in the dominant arm, we have not observed in our population a significant difference with the non-dominant arm, implying that in healthy subjects the arm dominance does not lie considerably on the number of movements. As expected, the frequency of the movement increased from sitting to standing and from standing to walking, while we provide a quantitative value of this change during daily activity. This study provides preliminary evidence that this system is a useful tool for objectively assessing upper-limb activity during daily activity. The results obtained with the healthy population could be used as control data to evaluate arm movement of patients with shoulder diseases during daily activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Wilmington Senior Center developed a 3-year multidisciplinary health and wellness initiative entitled The Time of Your Life to promote healthy aging for participants attending countywide senior centers. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and implementation of the evaluation methodology and outcomes of this senior health and wellness project that consisted of 11 programs in total. Long-term programming can present several challenges in both implementation and evaluation, but assessing outcomes is critical to documenting program value and accountability. Participant-completed surveys and post-series focus groups were utilized as the evaluation tools. Our findings indicate that the program’s objectives of increasing knowledge and motivating adoption or maintenance of a healthy lifestyle were met to varying degrees, while a third objective of assessing the usefulness of resources to inform health-related decisions was unable to be evaluated due to the cross-sectional nature of the data collection. Post-series focus groups indicated that topics of most interest to seniors were money management, medications and staying mentally and physically fit. The evaluations showed that long-term programming, while challenging, can be a successful and sustainable format for senior health education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article examines the effects Double Trouble in Recovery (DTR), a dual focus fellowship whose mission is to bring the benefits of mutual aid to people with dual diagnoses in New York City. It claims that the degree of DTR Affiliation is associated with Self-efficacy for Recovery and quality of life measures, including leisure time activities, feelings of well-being and social relationships. It provides background on mental illness cases in the United States.

Restorative justice and its related terms moved from the background of ancillary sessions to the floor of the United Nations Congress. This article documents and discusses the transfer of local policy to the international arena using the UN forum and restorative justice as a case study. First, a historical timeline traces the three influential forces, (1) the United Nations forum, (2) the non-governmental organization (NGO) activities, and (3) the individual Member States’ activities, behind the restorative justice movement onto the UN agenda. An integrated modification of Blumer’s process of collective problem definition is used as a framework to analyze the policy formation. Finally, the context of how future researchers may make use of the process is analyzed by comparing the traditional research development framework to Blumer’s policy framework. A need for wide spread implementation and outcome evaluations are needed as the policy is implemented is among the key findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Violence prevention programs with varying degrees of scientific support have proliferated in the United States and elsewhere. This paper previewed a broad range of programs involving youth, families, or systems that aimed to prevent or reduce violence-related behavior. The purpose of the review was to address critical issues concerning (1) target level of programming, (2) theory-driven versus problem-driven conceptualization, (3) cultural considerations, (4) developmental considerations, (5) intervention fidelity, and (6) outcome and impact assessment. Conclusions about these issues address tendencies and trends across programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pain treatment facilities have proliferated in recent years and psychology has enjoyed considerable success in the clinical and research arenas of pain management. However, changes in the health care environment present significant challenges to the future of psychology in pain management. This article discusses concerns in three important areas of pain treatment that psychologists must address if they are to maintain a strong presence in this field: (1) evaluating and treating patients in the pain treatment setting, (2) evaluating and enhancing the efficacy of pain treatment, and (3) applying pain treatment services to other patient populations. With appropriate attention to these issues, psychology can continue to thrive in pain treatment settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]