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Background: Is there a difference in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome between employee service jobs and industrial jobs in Iran? In this study, we tried to answer this question. For this purpose, we compared the two populations of employees and workers. We compared the staff of the University of Medical Sciences as a service employees population (clinical and office work) to the industrial workers of a large automotive company (often with industrial occupations). Method: In this cross-sectional study conducted in Tehran in 2020, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among 4,372 people employed by the university and 3,899 automotive industry employees was examined and compared. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was assessed based on two criteria, National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Results: The results showed that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among university staff was higher than the automotive industrial workers. According to ATP III criteria, the former and latter showed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome of 13.1% among and 6.1%, respectively among. Also, based on IDF criteria, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 23.3% and 12.6% in two groups mentioned. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in university staff was almost double that in industry workers. At first glance, the physical activity of most automotive, industrial workers seems to be the main reason for this difference; however, a prevalence of about twice implies further factors. According to the authors, the legal implementation of monitoring, promotion, and surveillance programs of occupational health, in industrial environments can be a factor accounting for a significant difference in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome between the two populations observed. The authors suggest implementing similar programs for Iranian public sector employees to enhance their health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Excess bodily iron content is commonly associated with obesity and metabolic associated medical conditions and is thought to lead to cardiovascular disease. The effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on hepatic iron overload remains to be determined. Objective: To assess the evolution of histologically proven hepatic iron overload after RYGB. Methods: This is an exploratory historical cohort study in which 42 individuals who underwent RYGB, and then a second surgical procedure had paired liver biopsies collected. Hepatic iron overload and NAFLD features were assessed through histopathological examination. Biochemical iron metabolism parameters were also assessed. Results: The mean age at RYGB was 47 ± 10.2 years and 92.9% were female. The average time elapsed between RYGB and the second surgical procedure was 20.6 ± 15.4 months. The mean percentage of total weight loss between the two procedures was 26.7 ± 9.4%. Significant reductions in ferritin (220.8 ± 202.9 vs. 101.6 ± 116.7 ng/mL; p = 0.006), hemoglobin (13.7 ± 1.8 vs. 12.1 ± 2.6 g/dL; p = 0.01), and red blood cell count (4.7 ± 0.7 vs. 4.3 ± 0.5 106/mm3; p = 0.003) were observed, as well as reductions in the frequencies of steatosis (83.3% vs. 23.8%; p < 0.0001) and steatohepatitis (52.4% vs. 11.9%; p < 0.0001). The frequency of hepatic iron overload significantly decreased from 16.7 to 2.4% (p = 0.03). Conclusion: RYGB led to a significant decrease in hepatic iron overload, emerging as a possible therapeutical tool for this condition in individuals with obesity and dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study investigated the association between periodontitis severity (exposure) and metabolic syndrome (MetS - outcome), using two criteria for diagnosis of the outcome, since this relationship remains unexplored. Materials and methods: A case-control study was conducted with 870 individuals: 408 with first MetS diagnosis (cases) and 462 without MetS (controls). Participants' general information was obtained using a questionnaire and laboratory data was collected from medical records. Periodontitis severity criteria followed the Center for Disease Control and Prevention: none, mild, moderate, and severe. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were determined by logistic regression analysis. Results: Findings showed a positive association between moderate and severe periodontitis and MetS: ORadjusted = 1.64 (95% CI: 1.01 to 2.68) and ORadjusted = 1.94 (95% CI: 1.19 to 3.16), respectively, after adjustment for age, sex, schooling level, smoking habit, and cardiovascular disease. The adjusted measurements showed that among individuals with moderate or severe periodontitis, the probability of having MetS was around two times greater than among those without periodontitis, and that the chance was greater among participants with severe periodontitis than those with moderate periodontitis. Conclusion: An association between the severity of periodontal status and MetS was found, suggesting a possible relationship between the two diseases. Clinical relevance: MetS influences the etiology of cardiovascular diseases, one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The findings suggest that the greater the severity of periodontitis, the greater is the association magnitude with MetS. The health professional needs to recognize that the importance of periodontal disease may play in MetS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To estimate the effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on the prevalence of prostate cancer using a large retrospective cohort with a 5-year follow-up duration.Methods: National Health Insurance Service health checkup cohort was used for the study. In total, 130,342 men included in the health checkup cohort in 2009 were divided into two groups according to the presence of prostate cancer. The prevalence of prostate cancer from 2009 to 2013 was cumulatively calculated from 2003. A generalized estimating equation was used to assess the effect of MetS and its component on the prevalence of prostate cancer after adjusting for other variables.Results: Prostate cancer was present in 2369 men (1.8%) in 2009. The prevalence of prostate cancer was significantly higher in patients with MetS than in those without MetS throughout the entire follow-up duration. Multivariable analysis showed that in addition to year at evaluation and age, the presence of MetS was associated with an increased prevalence of prostate cancer. Alcohol consumption and smoking levels were negatively associated with the prevalence of prostate cancer. Among MetS components, decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterolemia and central obesity were associated with an increased prevalence of prostate cancer after adjusting for other variables.Conclusion: MetS and its components, especially decreased HDL-cholesterol levels and central obesity, were related to the increased prevalence of prostate cancer. Preventing MetS, maintaining high HDL-cholesterol level, and maintaining low waist circumference might be useful ways for decreasing the prevalence of prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metabolic syndrome (MetS), although more frequent in adults, is already evident in the infant-juvenile population. On the other hand, there are different criteria for the diagnosis, without a consensus of which is the best to be used in this population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement between different criteria for diagnosis of MetS in adolescents from southern Brazil. A cross-sectional study consisting of a sample of 1200 subjects, 679 females, aged between 12 and 17 years. MetS was assessed by three different criteria: Cook (2003), Ferranti (2004), and International Diabetes Federation - IDF (2007). The agreement between the criteria was evaluated by the Kappa index. Low prevalence of MetS was found among schoolchildren (1.9% for Cook, 5.0% for Ferranti, and 2.1% for IDF). Regular (Ferranti - IDF: Kappa 0.382; p < 0.001) and moderate (Cook - Ferranti: Kappa 0.542; p < 0.001; Cook - IDF: Kappa 0.532; p < 0.001) agreement was demonstrated between the criteria. Elevated blood pressure was the most frequent condition in all the criteria, and the least frequent condition was in the glycemia (Cook and Ferranti) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.Conclusion: The low prevalence of MetS and the low agreement among the existing criteria suggest the elaboration of new criteria for the diagnosis of MetS in the child and adolescent population. What is Known: • There are different criteria for the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), without a consensus of which is the best to be used in the infant-juvenile population. What is New: • Low prevalence of MetS identified among schoolchildren and the low agreement among the existing criteria suggest the elaboration of new criteria for the diagnosis of MetS in the child and adolescent population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of high-intensity aerobic interval training (AIT) on exercise hemodynamics in metabolic syndrome (MetS) volunteers.Methods: Thirty-eight, MetS participants were randomly assigned to a training (TRAIN) or to a non-training control (CONT) group. TRAIN consisted of stationary interval cycling alternating bouts at 70-90% of maximal heart rate during 45 min day-1 for 6 months.Results: CONT maintained baseline physical activity and no changes in cardiovascular function or MetS factors were detected. In contrast, TRAIN increased cardiorespiratory fitness (14% in VO2PEAK; 95% CI 9-18%) and improved metabolic syndrome (-42% in Z score; 95% CI 83-1%). After TRAIN, the workload that elicited a VO2 of 1500 ml min-1 increased 15% (95% CI 5-25%; P < 0.001). After TRAIN when subjects pedaled at an identical submaximal rate of oxygen consumption, cardiac output increased by 8% (95% CI 4-11%; P < 0.01) and stroke volume by 10% (95% CI, 6-14%; P < 0.005) being above the CONT group values at that time point. TRAIN reduced submaximal exercise heart rate (109 ± 15-106 ± 13 beats min-1; P < 0.05), diastolic blood pressure (83 ± 8-75 ± 8 mmHg; P < 0.001) and systemic vascular resistances (P < 0.01) below CONT values. Double product was reduced only after TRAIN (18.2 ± 3.2-17.4 ± 2.4 bt min-1 mmHg 10-3; P < 0.05).Conclusions: The data suggest that intense aerobic interval training improves hemodynamics during submaximal exercise in MetS patients. Specifically, it reduces diastolic blood pressure, systemic vascular resistances, and the double product. The reduction in double product, suggests decreased myocardial oxygen demands which could prevent the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events during exercise in this population. CLINICALTRIALS.Gov Identifier: NCT03019796. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone mass acquisition may be compromised in survivors of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia due to various factors, including adiposity. Fat accumulation can affect bone through the direct effect of adipokines or indirectly through the state of chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of body composition and adipokines on bone mass in survivors of acute lymphocytic leukemia. This was a cross-sectional study of 56 survivors aged between 15 and 24 years, 44.6 % of whom received cranial radiotherapy (18-24 Gy), assessed according to body fat, lean mass, and bone mineral density (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), computed tomography scan-derived abdominal adipose tissue, and adipokines by a multiple regression analysis. Both lumbar spine L1-L4 (trabecular bone) and total body (cortical bone) bone mineral density were positively correlated with visfatin (p < 0.050). Lean mass index was positively correlated, while waist-to-height ratio was negatively correlated with cortical bone (p < 0.010). Low bone mineral density for chronological age was detected in 5.4 % of patients in total body, and 8.9 % at the lumbar spine. In survivors of acute lymphocytic leukemia, visfatin may play an important role in the complex relationship between body composition and bone. At present, visfatin may represent a model for further study of bone metabolism, and could possibly explain the unknown mechanisms linking bone metabolism and cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Diabetologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Little is known about metabolic syndrome in the peri-operative shoulder surgery setting. We sought to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty, and to characterize its relationship with in-hospital adverse events, prolonged length of stay, and non-routine disposition.Methods: Using discharge records from the 2002-2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, temporal trends were assessed and multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to measure the association of metabolic syndrome with peri-operative outcomes.Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased by 257 % from 2002 to 2011 (4.2 to 15.0 %). Metabolic syndrome was associated with increased aggregate morbidity (OR 1.34, 95 % CI 1.30-1.38), including acute renal failure (OR 1.51, 95 % CI 1.41-1.63), surgical site infection (OR 1.41, 95 % CI 1.16-1.71), myocardial infarction (OR 1.32, 95 % CI 1.12-1.55), acute posthemorrhagic anemia (OR 1.30, 95 % CI 1.26-1.34), and pulmonary embolism (OR 1.27, 95 % CI 1.06-1.52). It was also associated with prolonged hospital stay (OR 1.13, 95 % CI 1.10-1.16), non-homebound discharge (OR 1.29, 95 % CI 1.26-1.32), and increased blood transfusion use (OR 1.09, 95 % CI 1.06-1.13).Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome is increasing rapidly among shoulder arthroplasty patients and is associated with considerable peri-operative morbidity and resource utilization. Greater awareness of metabolic syndrome and its health consequences may contribute to improvements in the peri-operative management of shoulder arthroplasty patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common, severe disease in obese patients. However, NAFLD is usually underestimated by ultrasonography. Liver biopsy is not routinely done in bariatric surgery or during the follow-up. This study therefore examined the correlation between metabolic syndrome and NAFLD in morbidly obese patients based on an assessment using transient hepatic elastography (THE). Material and Methods: This study involved 50 female patients in the pre-operative phase for bariatric surgery. Before surgery, we collected clinical, laboratory, and anthropometric variables. THE measurements were obtained using a FibroScan ® device (Echosens, Paris, France), and steatosis was quantified using Controlled Attenuation Parameter software (CAP). Statistical analyses were done using linear correlation and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The mean of THE and CAP values were 7.56 ± 4.78 kPa and 279.94 ± 45.69 dB/m, respectively, and there was a significant linear correlation between the two measurements ( r = 0.651; p < 0.001). The numbers of metabolic syndrome parameters did not influence the THE ( p = 0.436) or CAP ( p = 0.422) values. HbA1c and HOMA-IR showed a strong linear correlation with CAP ( r = 0.643, p = 0.013 and r = 0.668, p = 0.009, respectively) and a tendency to some linear correlation with THE ( r = 0.500, p = 0.05 and r = 0.500, p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion: Morbidly obese women submitted to FibroScan ® presented a high prevalence of severe steatosis and advanced fibrosis in our sample. Insulin resistance parameters were correlated with steatosis, but less with fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is conflicting evidence regarding the relationship between magnesium deficiency and metabolic syndrome, and a systematic assessment of the literature has not been performed. Our objective was to clarify the association between magnesium levels and metabolic syndrome by performing a meta-analysis. Based on 13 eligible studies involving 14 analyses and 5496 enrolled participants, magnesium levels were significantly lower in adults with metabolic syndrome than in controls (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.98, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = −1.44 to −0.52). There was marked heterogeneity when all comparisons were considered ( I = 98 %, p < 0.001). In the subgroup meta-analysis and meta-regression model, a significant difference in magnesium levels was noted by geographic location and study quality. Magnesium levels were lower in the experimental cases than in the controls in West Asia (SMD = −3.80, 95 % CI = −5.36, −2.23) and Latin America (SMD = −1.38, 95 % CI = −1.88, −0.87), but not in East Asia (SMD = −0.01, 95 % CI = −0.30, 0.29) or Europe/Oceania (SMD = −0.25, 95 % CI = −0.53, 0.03). Moreover, the inverse association was greater in high-quality studies (SMD = −2.52, 95 % CI = −3.72, −1.32) than in low-quality studies (SMD = −0.33, 95 % CI = −0.57, −0.08). In conclusion, although there was a high level of heterogeneity, this meta-analysis provided convincing evidence of reduced magnesium levels in adults with metabolic syndrome based on the findings of observational studies. However, the present findings should be validated by additional prospective studies or trans-regional multicenter randomized controlled trials, which generally yield higher-level evidence than case-control studies and cross-sectional studies. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT02151227 ( Protocol Registration System); CRD42015017946 (). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidemiological evidence suggests that the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with increased risk of cervical cancer. However, research on the impact of MetS on prognosis in cervical cancer is lacking. This study investigated the association between MetS and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. This is a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I-II cervical cancer in three tertiary hospitals during 2006-2009. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the association between MetS or MetS components and RFS. We were able to evaluate MetS status in 84 patients out of 127. Forty patients had MetS. RFS was not significantly different according to MetS status; however, there was no further event of recurrence in non-MetS group after 2 years from primary surgical treatment. Hypertriglyceridemia (HR 3.67, 95 % CI 1.18-11.43) and impaired fasting glucose (HR 4.30, 95 % CI 1.23-15.03) were independent risk factors for shorter RFS, after adjustment for age, lymph node involvement, tumor involvement of resection margin, parametrial invasion, FIGO stage at diagnosis, and adjuvant treatment. Hypertriglyceridemia and impaired fasting glucose were associated with higher risk of recurrence in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. Prospective validation in large populations and further studies on the impact of MetS treatment in patients with cervical cancer are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship among sedentary behaviour (SB) and the metabolic syndrome and its components by age, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sex. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 5,076 adults aged ≥18 years (mean ± SD = 43.8 ± 19.5). SB was measured using ActiGraph accelerometers worn for 1 week and defined as <100 counts/min. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Natural cubic spline logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of meeting criteria for the metabolic syndrome and its components by total daily SB time and breaks in SB. Statistical interactions between SB and age, sex and MVPA were explored. Results: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 19% and the average daily SB time was 8.1 ± 2.8 h, with 90 ± 25 breaks/day. The relationship between daily SB time and the metabolic syndrome was linear and characterised by an OR of 1.09 (95% CI 1.01, 1.18) for each hour of SB. Total SB was associated with the following components: high triacylglycerol, low HDL-cholesterol and high fasting glucose. All three associations were modified by MVPA level. No relationship between breaks in SB and the metabolic syndrome was found. Conclusions/interpretation: There appears to be no SB threshold at which the risk of the metabolic syndrome is elevated. Therefore, an effort should be made to maintain low levels of total time spent in SB and so lessen the risk of the metabolic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is a risk factor for arterial and venous thromboembolism. However, it is not known whether obesity mediates risk through shared mechanisms. In a population-based cohort, we aimed to compare the impact of obesity measures on risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and myocardial infarction (MI), and explore how obesity-related atherosclerotic risk factors influenced these relationships. Measures of body composition including body mass index , waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were registered in 6,708 subjects aged 25-84 years, who participated in the Tromsø Study (1994-1995). Incident VTE- and MI-events were registered until January 1, 2011. There were 288 VTEs and 925 MIs during a median of 15.7 years of follow-up. All obesity measures were related to risk of VTE. In linear models, WC showed the highest risk estimates in both genders. In categorized models (highest versus lowest quintile), WC showed highest risk in men (HR 3.59; 95 % CI 1.82-7.06) and HC in women (HR 2.27; 95 % CI 1.54-4.92). Contrary, WHR and WHtR yielded the highest risk estimates for MI. The HR of MI (highest vs. lowest quintile) for WHR was 2.11 (95 % CI 1.59-2.81) in men and 1.62 (95 % CI 1.13-2.31) in women. The risk estimates for MI were substantially attenuated after adjustment for atherosclerotic risk factors, whereas the estimates for VTE remained unchanged. Our findings suggest that the impact of body fat distribution, and the causal pathway, differs for the association between obesity and arterial and venous thrombosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with severe mental illness, such as schizophrenia, depression or bipolar disorder, are more likely to be overweight and to suffer from dyslipidaemia, diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Unhealthy lifestyles, including poor diet and sedentary behaviour, but also pharmacotherapy contribute to the adverse risk profile. This article reviews the epidemiology and pharmacodynamics of metabolic abnormalities in psychiatric patients treated with antipsychotics, focusing on substance-specific differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to investigate the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and their associations with cardiometabolic risk factors, according to ethnicity in a large obese paediatric cohort. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed in 1,007 overweight/obese Dutch children of multi-ethnic origin, referred to the obesity outpatient clinics of two Dutch hospitals in Amsterdam (mean age, 11.4 ± 3.2 years; 50.7% boys). Anthropometric parameters and blood samples were collected, and cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed. The cohort consisted of Dutch native (26.0%), Turkish (23.7%), Moroccan (18.8%) and children of 'other' (31.5%) ethnicity. The prevalence of IFG was significantly higher in Moroccan and Turkish children as compared to Dutch native children (25.4% and 19.7% vs. 11.8%, respectively, P < 0.05). IGT was most frequently present in Turkish and Dutch native children, relative to Moroccan children (6.3% and 5.3% vs. 1.6%, P < 0.05). Besides pubertal status and ethnicity, components of 'metabolic syndrome' (MetS) which were associated with IGT, independent of hyperinsulinaemia, were hypertension [odds ratio (OR), 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1-4.9] while a trend was seen for high triglycerides (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 0.9-4.3). When analyzing components of MetS which were associated with IFG, only low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly associated (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.5) independent of hyperinsulinaemia. In conclusion, in a Dutch multi-ethnic cohort of overweight/obese children, a high prevalence of IFG was found against a low prevalence of IGT, which differed in their associations with cardiometabolic risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Associations between hypertension, metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, diabetes, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) were assessed in a prospective single center clinical study including patients from an outpatient sleep clinic and an inpatient sleep lab. Methods: The Görlitz Metabolic Study is a prospective trial assessing the relationship between current definitions of the metabolic syndrome (Adult Treatment Pannel III, ATP 3; International Diabetes Federation, IDF; metabolic vascular syndrome, MVS), its constituting parameters, and OSAS in different patient cohorts in Upper Lusatia, Germany. In addition, the diagnostic relevance of a newly developed scoring system, the Carolus Sleep Score (CSS), was compared to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). A total of 2,362 patients were consecutively included in the study. The statistics were done exploratively. Results: Outpatients with OSAS who had not yet been treated had a mean blood pressure of 157/94 mmHg with a hypertension prevalence of 71%, while the mean blood pressure of those already treated was 153/89 mmHg with a hypertension prevalence of 68%. In 42% of the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and in 27% of the non-OSA patients, the criteria of all three definitions of the metabolic syndrome were fulfilled. The coefficients of correlation were 0.22 for the respiratory disturbance index (RDI) vs. body mass index (BMI), 0.26 for RDI vs. abdominal circumference, 0.19 for CPAP vs. BMI, and 0.25 for CPAP vs. abdominal circumference. There was a diabetes prevalence of 27% in the OSA patients and 16% in the non-OSA patients. In addition, when evaluating a subgroup of OSA patients with the same mean abdominal circumference as the non-OSA patients, the prevalences of hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes were still higher in those who suffered from OSA. The CSS clearly proved to be more suitable for primary OSA screening than the ESS. In addition, the CSS correlated considerably better with the RDI (r=0.36) than the ESS (r=0.21). Conclusion: Despite the uncontrolled real-life clinical setting, the previously reported relevance of OSA for cardiovascular and metabolic disturbances was clearly verified. The data unequivocally show that the recommendations in the different hypertension and diabetes guidelines to look for hypertension and diabetes, respectively, in OSA patients and vice versa for OSAS in hypertensive and diabetic patients should be regarded seriously. The CSS seems to be superior for screening patients compared to the ESS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Diabetologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Nephrologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its associated factors in an urban area of Izmir, located in western Turkey. Our study group was selected by computerized sampling from the participants of a larger population-based study searching for the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in Balcova and Narlidere districts of Izmir. A total of 132 subjects (69 women and 63 men) were included in this study. Serum uric acid, glucose, creatinine and lipid levels were studied. Body composition along with body fat percentage was determined anthropometrically. A total of 16 subjects had hyperuricemia (4 women and 12 men). The overall prevalence of hyperuricemia was 12.1% and the mean uric acid level was 4.9 ± 1.3 mg/dl. Males had significantly higher uric acid levels than females ( P < 0.05; 5.5 ± 1.3 vs. 4.3 ± 1.1 mg/dl, respectively). The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome was 24.4, 5.3, 28 and 26.5%, respectively. There was no gouty subject. Sum of skinfold thickness (SFT) measurements and creatinine levels were the independent predictors of hyperuricemia (β = 0.45, 0.47, respectively). Uric acid measurement is important not only for inflammatory rheumatic disorders but also for predicting metabolic syndrome and related coronary artery disease. There is sex difference in uric acid levels in favor of women most probably explained by gonadal hormones. Hyperuricemia is significantly predicted by anthropometric measure of SFT which is a simple clinical screening method along with creatinine levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The relationship between morbid obesity (MO) and insulin resistance (IR) has been widely demonstrated. The euglycemic-hyperglycemic clamp method for diagnosis of IR is neither practical nor cost-effective for population-based studies. However, the application of mathematical models (HOMA, QUICKI and Mffm indices) can be useful. Methods: The data from 171 patients were retrospectively evaluated. We recorded general anthropometric parameters and the basal levels of glucose, triglycerides and insulin and calculated the metabolic indexes both before surgery (Capella gastric bypass) and 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months after the operation. Results: Before surgery, patients could be classified according to their waist-hip ratio (WHR) into 2 groups. Group A (n = 131, 108 females and 23 males) with WHR values 1.10 ± 0.1 SD for males and 0.94 ± 0.1 for females ( central obesity); and Group B (n = 40, 34 females and 6 males) with WHR values 0.90 ± 0.1 for males and 0.84 ± 0.1 for females ( peripheral obesity). Group A patients showed elevated serum levels of glucose, triglycerides and insulin and high values of the HOMA index with low values of QUICKI and Mffm. Group B patients showed lower levels of glucose, triglycerides, insulin and HOMA index and higher values of QUICKI and Mffm. These abnormal levels began to decrease 6 months after bypass and the QUICKI and Mffm began to increase. Conclusions: The high baseline levels of insulin and the high prevalence of hypertension, diabetes or both conditions in patients with central obesity confirm that they suffer a metabolic syndrome, Meanwhile, patients with peripheral obesity with lower levels of chemical parameters and of the metabolic indices suffer peripheral resistance against insulin. Clinical application of these mathematical indices can be useful in patients with MO; they are easily performed and lack the high costs and risks associated with the clamp technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the diverse pharmacological actions of astragaloside IV from the perspective of metabolic syndrome, and to investigate the effect of the drug on the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Methods: Adipogenesis was used as an indicator of the effect of astragaloside IV on preadipocyte differentiation, and was measured by using an oil red O assay. Glucose uptake was determined by measuring the transport of [2-3H]-deoxyglucose into the cells. The concentrations of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ(PPARγ) and aP2 mRNA were determined by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Apoptosis and viability loss of endothelial cells were detected by using flow cytometry and the WST-1 assay, respectively. Intracellular free Ca2+ was labeled with Fluo-3 AM and measured by using a laser scanning confocal microscope. Results: Astragaloside IV can significantly potentiate insulin-induced preadipocyte differentiation at concentrations of 3, 10, and 30 μg/mL, improve high glucose-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes at a concentration of 30 μg/mL, and prevent tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced apoptosis and viability loss at concentrations of 10 and 30 μg/mL, and 30 μg/mL, respectively, in endothelial cells. Furthermore, we found that these effects were partly due to the promotion of PPARγ expression and to the inhibition of abnormal TNF-α-induced intracellular free Ca2+ accumulation in endothelial cells. Conclusion: The diverse pharmacological actions of astragaloside IV can all be linked to metabolic syndrome pathogenesis. Our study provides a new insight into the mechanism by which astragaloside IV exerts its effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differences on measures of metabolic syndrome X and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, as well as potential pathophysiological mediators, inflammation, and oxidative stress, were examined as a function of HIV serostatus and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen with and without protease inhibitors (PIs). Data from 164 men and women, aged 18 to 55 yr, were used to compare 82 HIV+ subjects who were free of hepatitis C virus and were on a stable HAART regimen for ≥6 mo, with 82 seronegative subjects matched on age, sex, body mass index, and ethnicity. For the HIV+ subjects, after controlling for diabetes status and HIV disease progression, PI exposure was associated with greater oxidative stress, triglyceridemia, and lipidemia than it was for non-PI-exposed HIV+ subjects, and the risk of a future myocardial infarction was up to 56% greater in PI-exposed than in non-PI-exposed subjects and 129% greater than in controls. Although it is likely that the greatest proportion of CHD risk in the HIV+ subjects may be accounted for by pathological conditions linked to HIV infection in interaction with mediating processes such as inflammation, central obesity, and dyslipidemia, which was greater than in controls, it appears that PI medications may exacerbate oxidative stress and hypertriglyceridemia to enhance this risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The influence of metabolic state and the presence of diabetes before surgery on the weight changes following non-adjustable gastric banding, were studied. Methods: The total of 50 patients referred for gastric banding had the following parameters measured: insulinemia, glycemia, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TAG), dehydroepiandrostendione (DHEA) and its sulphate (DHEA-S), triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyroxine-stimulating hormone. We evaluated 28 of these, who completed at least 6 months of follow-up. 12 of these patients had diettreated non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and 16 were non-diabetics, and 9 of them had a positive family history of NIDDM (FH DM). We compared the change in weight of the diabetics, non-diabetics and those with positive FH DM, at 3, 6 and 12 months after the operation. Multiple linear regression tested the influence of the measured parameters on patients' weight. Results: Weight loss was greatest in the group of patients without a positive family history of diabetes, and lowest in the diabetic group. Due to the high dispersion, differences in the t-test are not significant. When individual factors and their influence on weight development were tested by multiple linear regression, weight loss was greatest in patients with high TAG and low insulin levels and lowest in patients with diabetes or positive FH DM. Conclusions: Although post-operative weight can be influenced by other factors, eg. psychological ones, it is advisable to test each patient pre-operatively for insulin and TAG levels, and to establish family history of diabetes and presence of diabetes to give an idea of the prognosis of weight change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is strongly linked to insulin resistance and has a high resolution rate after bariatric surgery. This study aims to determine whether post over preoperative ratios of surrogate insulin resistance markers (HOMA, TyG, and TG/HDL-c) are associated to postsurgical MetS reversal. This is a retrospective cohort study which involved 96 subjects with MetS who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Post over preoperative ratios of TyG and TG/HDL-c indexes were statistically associated to MetS resolution. The use of these ratios as a way to assess postsurgical insulin sensitivity response appears to be a simple and useful tool in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance is twice as high in patients with bipolar disorder compared with the general population, and possibly associated with a disabling illness trajectory of bipolar disorder, an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. Despite these detrimental effects, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in patients newly diagnosed with bipolar disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives is largely unknown. Methods: In a cross-sectional study of 206 patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder, 50 of their unaffected first-degree relatives and 109 healthy age- and sex-matched individuals, we compared the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In patients with bipolar disorder, we further investigated illness and medication variables associated with the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Results: Higher rates of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio = 3.529, 95% CI 1.378–9.041, P = 0.009) and levels of insulin resistance (B = 1.203, 95% CI 1.059–1.367, P = 0.005) were found in patients newly diagnosed with bipolar disorder, but not in their unaffected first-degree relatives compared with matched healthy individuals (data adjusted for sex and age). Most patients with bipolar disorder (94.7%) were diagnosed within the preceding 2 years, and the average illness duration, defined as time from first mood episode, was 10 years. Conclusion: Our findings of elevated prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder highlight the importance of screening for these conditions at an early stage to employ adequate and early care reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]