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We report new pion electroproduction measurements in the Δ (1232) resonance, utilizing the SHMS - HMS magnetic spectrometers of Hall C at Jefferson Lab. The data focus on a region that exhibits a strong and rapidly changing interplay of the mesonic cloud and quark-gluon dynamics in the nucleon. The results are in reasonable agreement with models that employ pion cloud effects and chiral effective field theory calculations, but at the same time they suggest that an improvement is required to the theoretical calculations and provide valuable input that will allow their refinements. The data illustrate the potential of the magnetic spectrometers setup in Hall C towards the study the Δ (1232) resonance. These first reported results will be followed by a series of measurements in Hall C, that will expand the studies of the Δ (1232) resonance offering a high precision insight within a wide kinematic range from low to high momentum transfers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about charged particles emitted by plasma of high-current discharges is of interest both from the point of view of understanding the fundamental processes occurring in pulsed plasma and for applied problems. Compact magnetic spectrometers based on permanent magnets make it possible to measure the flux of charged particles from a plasma under conditions of strong electromagnetic noise. Imaging plates (IP) are one of the most commonly used types of detectors for detecting charged particles in laser-plasma and electric-discharge experiments. This paper presents the results of calibration of the BAS-MS IP when detecting electrons and the BAS-TR IP when detecting helium and tungsten ions. Calibration dependences of the sensitivity of the BAS-MS IP for electrons in the energy range of 0.65–50 MeV and the sensitivity of the BAS-TR IP for tungsten ions in the energy range from 20 eV to 650 keV are obtained, taking into account the angles of incidence of particles on the detector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

γ -ray spectroscopy of fission fragments is a powerful method for studies of nuclear structure properties. Recent results on the spectroscopy of fission fragments, using the combination of the AGATA γ -ray tracking array and the VAMOS++ large acceptance magnetic spectrometer at GANIL, are reported. A comparison of the performance of the large germanium detector arrays EXOGAM and AGATA illustrates the advances in γ -ray spectroscopy of fission fragments. Selected results are highlighted for prompt γ -ray spectroscopy studies, measurements of short lifetimes of excited states with the Recoil Distance Doppler-Shift method, using both AGATA and VAMOS++ and prompt-delayed γ -ray spectroscopy studies using AGATA, VAMOS++ and EXOGAM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-Nucleon Transfer (MNT) reactions have been used for decades as a reaction mechanism, in order to populate excited states in nuclei far from stability and to perform nuclear structure studies. Nevertheless, the development of set-ups involving high acceptance tracking magnetic spectrometers (mainly existing in Europe), coupled with the Advanced GAmma Tracking Array (AGATA) opens new possibilities, especially if they are used in conjunction with high-intensity stable beams or ISOL RIBs. In this article, we will discuss the capabilities of such set-ups aiming at different goals, including complete information in high-resolution spectroscopy as well as lifetime measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a precision particle physics detector operating at an altitude of ∼ 410 km aboard the International Space Station. The AMS silicon tracker, together with the permanent magnet, measures the rigidity (momentum/charge) of cosmic rays in the range from ∼ 0.5 GV to several TV. In order to have accurate rigidity measurements, the positions of more than 2000 tracker modules have to be determined at the micron level by an alignment procedure. The tracker was first aligned using the 400 GeV/c proton test beam at CERN and then re-aligned using cosmic-ray events after being launched into space. A unique method to align the permanent magnetic spectrometer for a space experiment is presented. The developed underlying mathematical algorithm is discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The FRAGM experiment is carried out on the basis of the ITEP–TWAC multipurpose accelerator complex, which generated proton and ion beams for various studies in the field of nuclear physics. A technique for identifying fragments in secondary ion beams based on the analysis of correlation distributions over the time of flight and signal amplitude from scintillation detectors is presented. The experimental data are obtained by fragmentation of a carbon beam with energy of 300 MeV per nucleon by scanning the rigidity of the magneto-optical channel with a step of 50 MeV/c. Differential cross sections for ion production are obtained using beryllium isotopes as an example. The results are compared with the predictions of the binary cascade model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accelerator physics, the method of absorption filters is used for measurements of the energy spectrum of electrons with energy above 100 keV. In this paper, we present a modification of the method to measure the delta-like spectrum of electron beams based on fitting by statistical distributions the initial experimental data and the results of simulation of the beam transmission through the filters. The method developed is much more accurate and stable than the original one and is consistent with the direct measurements by a magnetic spectrometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the γ d → d π + π - reaction for a study of a possible N Δ dibaryon state using a deuterium target with a magnetic spectrometer, Neutral Kaon Spectrometer 2 (NKS2), at Research Center for Electron Photon Science (ELPH), Tohoku University. The incident photon energy ranged from 0.78 to 1.08 GeV. Resonance-like structures were found at a mass of ∼ 2.15 GeV / c 2 with a width of ∼ 0.1 GeV / c 2 in the d π + and d π - invariant mass spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a method for identifying light nuclei in cosmic rays from PAMELA spectrometer measurements of magnetic rigidity and energy losses of particles along the track in the time-of-flight and tracking systems. Nuclei from hydrogen to boron inclusive are separated by analyzing energy loss distributions in detector planes caused by their fluctuations. The identification quality estimate and the error (misidentification) probability are also calculated for each nucleus on the basis of Geant4 simulation data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 7.5-day beta decay of Ag is studied with a 60 cc HPGe gamma spectrometer system and a high transmission Mini-Orange magnetic spectrometer. Precise gamma energies and relative intensities of fourteen gamma transitions and conversion electron intensities of sixteen conversion lines of eleven gamma transitions have been determined. Normalized Peak to Gamma method has been used for the determination of and conversion coefficients of most of the gamma transitions in Cd for the first time, and compared with the theoretical values for assignment of multipolarities. The present conversion electron intensities would be of great use for calibrating electron detectors and electron transporters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All reliable information on the long-term characteristics of the interplanetary medium, such as the spectrum of variations and the anisotropy and gradients of cosmic rays, have been obtained from the data of a ground-based network of detectors since its inception. However, to solve the inverse problem, it was required to know the shape of the spectrum of variations, which until now was only given empirically. In this work, we have studied and experimentally determined the spectrum of variations of protons and helium nuclei based on precision measurements of particle fluxes up to a hardness of 60 GV outside the atmosphere on an AMS-02 magnetic spectrometer, in addition to establishing the transformation of the form of this spectrum when the polarity of the solar magnetic field is reversed. The found form of the spectrum of cosmic-ray variations will allow increasing the accuracy of the reconstructed parameters of the spectrum of variations and will form a solid basis for further studies of modulation effects in the heliosphere and related applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study demonstrated the interaction mechanism of collagen peptides (CPs) with 4-ethylphenol (4-EP), phenol, guaiacol, and 4-ethylguaiacol (4-EG) in the ethanol-water solution. The ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, zeta potential tests and hydrogen nuclear magnetic spectroscopy manifested that CPs interacted with the phenolic compounds. Meanwhile, Isothermal titration calorimetry determination indicated that the CPs was hydrogen bonded with 4-EP in 52 %(v/v) ethanol-water solution, while the hydrophobic forces played a major role in the interaction of CPs with guaiacol and 4-EG, respectively. Moreover, hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds were involved in the interaction between CPs and phenol. Finally, Head Space-solid Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry analysis indicated that the content of phenolic compounds in model solution efficiently decreased with the presence of CPs. In the real liquor, it was found that the content of volatile compounds (including phenolic compounds) was obviously decreased after CPs added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of an experiment carried out on the MAVR high-resolution magnetic spectrometer and devoted to studying neutron transfer in the Ta reaction at the projectile energy of 10 MeV per nucleon are presented. A theoretical analysis of the experimental cross sections is performed for the neutron transfer mechanism by means of a time-dependent approach based on solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The dynamics of the neutron transfer process is described, and the probabilities for the population of unoccupied neutron levels in the O nucleus are determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes the use of axially asymmetric magnetic fields in the design of magnetic spectrometers, which improve their performance, namely energy resolution and luminosity. The proposed mathematical model includes the geometry of both particle trajectory in the phase space and devices forming the particle ensemble. The compression-tension class of geometric transformations is determined herein, which maintain the focusing and dispersive properties of the magnetic field of the energy analyzer of the magnetic spectrometer. It is shown that the particle focusing and their energy dispersion can be improved by using the asymmetric fields. The use of elliptical current circuits in the design of the energy analyzer of the magnetic spectrometer is proposed to create the magnetic field with improved characteristics. The proposed theory will make it possible to design magnetic spectrometers with a diverse configuration of axially asymmetric magnetic field, providing the higher energy resolution and luminosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multimessenger astrophysics is based on the detection, with the highest possible accuracy, of the cosmic radiation. During the last 20 years, the advent space-borne magnetic spectrometers in space (AMS-01, Pamela, AMS-02), able to measure the charged cosmic radiation separating matter from antimatter, and to provide accurate measurement of the rarest components of Cosmic Rays (CRs) to the highest possible energies, have become possible, together with the ultra-precise measurement of ordinary CRs. These developments started the era of precision Cosmic Ray physics providing access to a rich program of high-energy astrophysics addressing fundamental questions like matter-antimatter asymmetry, indirect detection for Dark Matter and the detailed study of origin, acceleration and propagation of CRs and their interactions with the interstellar medium. In this paper we address the above-mentioned scientific questions, in the context of a second generation, large acceptance, superconducting magnetic spectrometer proposed as mission in the context of the European Space Agency's Voyage2050 long-term plan: the Antimatter Large Acceptance Detector In Orbit (ALADInO) would extend by about two orders of magnitude in energy and flux sensitivity the separation between charged particles/anti-particles, making it uniquely suited for addressing and potentially solving some of the most puzzling issues of modern cosmology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The differential cross sections of the charge exchange reaction d p → (p p) n has been measured at 1.75 GeV/c per nucleon for small transferred momenta using the one arm magnetic spectrometer STRELA at the Nuclotron accelerator in JINR Dubna. The ratio of the differential cross section of the charge exchange reaction d p → (p p) n to that of the n p → p n elementary process is discussed in order to estimate the spin-dependent part of the n p → p n charge exchange amplitude. The n p → p n amplitude turned out to be predominantly spin-dependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss an ion-optical system (IOS) of a mass spectrometer designed for isotopic measurements of light gases, containing a magnetic prism with plane-parallel pole tips and two sector-wise, cylindrical-capacitor identical in geometry, symmetrically located relative to the prism. The relationships between the geometric parameters of the capacitors and the prism are given, which are necessary to ensure achromatic focusing of the ion beam in the plane of the detector receiving slit. We assessed numerically the effect of IOS aberrations on the mass resolution of the IOS and determined the optimal emittance of the ion beam at the source output, which enables achieving a resolution at the level of 3000–3500 with an output slit of the ion source of approximately 50 μm, high transmittance of the mass analyzer, small dimensions of the magnetic prism, and a moderate total length of the central ion trajectory (less than 1 m). The IOS is characterized by a high dispersion in masses, which is much larger than the dispersion of conventional sector magnetic mass spectrometers of the same dimensions. The IOS consists of simple geometry elements, which reduces the costs of its implementation and makes the mass spectrometer technologically advanced and convenient to set up and operate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we describe a small-size magnetic spectrometer of electrons that allowed studying the spectral composition of electron emission in the energy range of 5–400 keV from a micropinch discharge plasma using a low-inductance vacuum spark setup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 32.018 d beta decay of Yb is studied with a high resolution precisely calibrated 8 PC based Multi-Channel Analyzer coupled HPGe gamma spectrometer system and liquid nitrogen cooled Si(Li) detector coupled to a well calibrated Mini-Orange magnetic spectrometer. Precise energies and relative intensities of gamma transitions and conversion electron intensities of gamma transitions have been determined for the first time with better accuracy. The experimental internal conversion coefficients of the gamma transitions in Tm have been determined using Normalized Peak to Gamma method and compared with the theoretical values adopted by Nuclear Data Sheets to assign multipolarities of all the transitions. The precise internal conversion electron intensities of the low energy transitions can be used as standards for calibration purposes of electron detectors and spectrometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The necessity to measure the longitudinal and transverse relaxation times T1 and T2 simultaneously for the purpose of controlling the state of a flowing liquid was substantiated if flow rate q can vary by two orders of magnitude. A novel method of determining T1 was developed. A differential-type nuclear magnetic spectrometer was designed to employ this method, which allows measuring T1 in the whole range of flow rate q. Experimental results are also reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The necessity of recording the spectrum of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in a weak field from a condensed medium during express control of its state is substantiated. The conditions have been established that make it possible to record the NMR spectra in a weak field. A new design of a small-sized nuclear magnetic spectrometer for recording the NMR spectrum in a weak magnetic field from a volume of a condensed medium of about 3.0 mL has been developed. The results of experimental studies of various media are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of a study of the generation of pulsed beams consisting of aluminum, carbon, and proton ions are presented. An ion beam is formed when a submicrosecond high-voltage pulse is applied to the anode of the vacuum diode at the moment of the existence of a dense explosive emission plasma in the accelerating gap. The plasma in the diode is created by an additional high-voltage pulse preceding the main one due to explosive emission on the surface of the potential electrode. The amplitude of the main accelerating pulse in the experiments was 200 kV and the duration was 100 ns at the half maximum. The time-of-flight technique based on collimated Faraday cup and magnetic spectrometer was used to diagnose the beam composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mn-based alloys exhibit unique properties in the spintronics materials possessing perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) beyond the Fe and Co-based alloys. It is desired to figure out the quantum physics of PMA inherent to Mn-based alloys, which have never been reported. Here, the origin of PMA in ferrimagnetic Mn3− δ Ga ordered alloys is investigated to resolve antiparallel-coupled Mn sites using x-ray magnetic circular and linear dichroism (XMCD/XMLD) and a first-principles calculation. We found that the contribution of orbital magnetic moments in PMA is small from XMCD and that the finite quadrupole-like orbital distortion through spin-flipped electron hopping is dominant from XMLD and theoretical calculations. These findings suggest that the spin-flipped orbital quadrupole formations originate from the PMA in Mn3− δ Ga and bring the paradigm shift in the researches of PMA materials using x-ray magnetic spectroscopies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The secondary proton polarization and differential cross sections of the () inelastic reaction on nuclei Be and Zr at the initial proton energy of 1 GeV were measured over a wide range of the scattered proton momenta at a laboratory angle of . Scattered protons were detected by means of the magnetic spectrometer equipped with a polarimeter based on multiwire proportional chambers and carbon analyzer. A structure in the polarization and cross section data, related probably to the quasielastic scattering off nucleon correlations in the Be and Zr nuclei, was observed as earlier in the same data for the C, Si, Ca and Fe nuclei. A difference in the momentum distributions of the scattering cross section ratios for the Zr and C nuclei and for the Zr and Be nuclei was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The BGOOD experiment at the ELSA facility in Bonn has been commissioned within the framework of an international collaboration. The experiment pursues a systematic investigation of non-strange and strange meson photoproduction, in particular t-channel processes at low momentum transfer. The setup uniquely combines a central almost 4 π acceptance BGO crystal calorimeter with a large aperture forward magnetic spectrometer providing excellent detection of both neutral and charged particles, complementary to other setups such as Crystal Barrel, Crystal Ball, LEPS and CLAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of experiments performed at a high-resolution magnetic spectrometer (MAVR) are presented. The differential production cross sections for oxygen isotopes in the Ta reaction at the projectile energy of 10 MeV per nucleon were measured at the MAVR facility. The yield of reaction products is analyzed theoretically in the finite-range distorted-wave Born approximation (FR-DWBA method) by means of the FRESCO code. The theoretical differential cross sections are calculated for sequential neutron transfer. The contributions of the mechanisms of sequential neutron transfer and dineutron-cluster transfer to the production cross sections for the neutron-rich oxygen isotopes O are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical studies of electric dipole excitations in atomic nuclei e.g. the structure of pygmy dipole resonances and isovector giant dipole resonances are attracting much attention recently. In this article, we describe a technical development in the coincidence measurement of the excitation processes with the Grand Raiden high-resolution magnetic spectrometer and the γ -decay processes by the CAGRA and SC γ LLA efficient γ -detector arrays at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics at Osaka University. Specifically, we describe how we developed a new beamline (GRAF), for γ detection at the target position by placing the spectrometer at an angle of 4. 5 - 19. 0 ∘ and by transporting the primary beam to a well-shielded beam dump. Experimental conditions and representative data are shown for each of the two γ -detector arrays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geomagnetically trapped electrons and positrons with energy above 50 MeV were observed in PAMELA experiment on board Resurs DK satellite. The instrument consists of magnetic spectrometer, imaging electromagnetic calorimeter, time-of-flight system, anticoincidence and neutron detectors that provide unique particle identification and background rejection. PAMELA was collecting data since June 2006 till January 2016. The satellite orbit with initial altitude 350–600 km and inclination 70° crosses the inner radiation belt in South Atlantic Anomaly at L-shell ∼1.2. The trapped electrons and positrons were selected on the basis of a trajectory simulation in the Earth magnetic field. Features of the energy spectra of electrons and positrons at low energies are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract-The PAMELA magnetic spectrometer was launched onboard the Resurs-DK1 satellite to the Earth polar orbit with altitude of 350–600 km to study the fluxes of cosmic ray particles and antiparticles in a wide energy range. Starting science operation in July 2006, PAMELA spectrometer performed continuous observation without major interruption till January 2016 collected about 10 billion trigger events. New analysis included data for all period of observations in 2006–2016 with improved selection efficiency and it allows to extend measurements of total electron and positron flux in TeV region with better statistic accuracy. In this paper, the observed energy spectrum of electrons and positrons is presented and compared with the other modern measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of the isotope composition of nuclei in galactic cosmic rays (GCR) in the PAMELA orbital international experiment allows studying the problems of cosmic-ray origin and propagation in our Galaxy. PAMELA magnetic spectrometer data provided the significant progress in the study of the light nuclei isotope composition of GCR from H to Be in the energy range ∼0.1–1 GeV/nucleon. This makes it possible to estimate the contribution of local (∼100 pc) young (∼106 years) interstellar sources (LISS) into GCR fluxes from supernova explosions. The analysis of boron (B) isotope fluxes in the GCR has so far been carried out only in the energy range ∼0.08–0.17 GeV/nucleon in the space experiments Voyager, Ulysses, ACE. In the present contribution the attempt was done to determine the 11B/10B ratio in the energy range ∼0.1–1.0 GeV/nucleon for the first time on the base of 2006–2014 PAMELA data using the measurements of the detected nuclei rigidities, velocities and ionization losses in a multilayer calorimeter. The new PAMELA results are consistent with existing as experimental data and those expected from simulations. However the statistical and systematic measurement uncertainties do not allow to separate the local boron source contributions into GCR fluxes. The preliminary results of the boron isotope flux analysis in GCR (10B, 11B spectra and 11B/10B ratio dependences on the rigidity and energy) are presented as well as the existing measurement data and simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the mid-1980s, the cost of investment in infrastructure for particle accelerators and colliders at the highest energy had risen to such level that the host laboratory (CERN) could no longer afford the cost of development of new detector technology required for the experiments. Large particle colliders were identified by the tools of the future for high-energy physics research, and a long-term view of their development was already conjured up in the late 1970s. It was based on this appraisal that a separate project, called LAA, which addresses the development of the technologies that are required to fully exploit the potential of the new infrastructure, was conceived. The project, specifically funded by the Italian government, centers on advanced microelectronics, and it is largely thanks to this development that the experiments at the large hadron collider (LHC) at CERN were equipped with performant detectors. Some of this equipment features in (i) the Italian School project to observe Extreme Energy Events (EEE), (ii) the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) experiment in the International Space Station and (iii) the time-of-flight (TOF) detector of the LHC heavy ion experiment ALICE at CERN. Several spin-offs for applications in medical instrumentation and advanced electronics were also initiated by development in the framework of the LAA project. The project also covers development work on superconductors and high field superconducting magnets for a future very LHC. The impact of LAA on technology is widely acknowledged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the period from 2006 to 2016, experiments based on the use of the PAMELA and ARINA spectrometers and aimed at detecting cosmic rays were performed on board the RESURS-DK1 satellite. Although the main goal of these experiments was to study the galactic component of cosmic rays, the instruments in question also detected, over a broad energy range, solar particles accelerated in powerful explosive processes on the Sun (solar flares). A list of solar events in which the PAMELA and ARINA spectrometers detected, in various years of their operation, an increase in the intensities of fluxes of solar protons whose energies were above 45 MeV is presented among other things. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurements of secondary-electron and secondary-positron fluxes below the geomagnetic cutoff in near-Earth space were performed by means of the PAMELA magnetic spectrometer installed on board the Resurs-DK1 satellite launched on June 15, 2006, in an elliptical orbit of inclination 70° and altitude 350 to 600 km. This spectrometer permits measuring the fluxes of electrons and positrons over a wide energy range, as well as determining their spatial distributions to a precision of about 2°. A calculation of particle trajectories in the geomagnetic field makes it possible to separate electrons and positrons originating from cosmic-ray interactions in the Earth’s magnetosphere. The spatial distributions of quasitrapped, trapped, and short-lived albedo positrons and electrons of energy above 70 MeV in the radiation belt were analyzed. The ratio of the electron-to-positron fluxes and the energy spectra of the electrons and positrons in question are indicative of different productionmechanisms for stably trapped and quasitrapped secondary particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compact design of a rapid-response nuclear magnetic spectrometer for investigation of condensed media in weak fields is reported. As a result of investigation of different condensed media, special features of recording a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal in a weak magnetic field from a small volume of the medium under study are established. For the first time the NMR absorption spectra of condensed media in a weak field are collected. Based on the results of experimental studies, the potential of using a compact NMR-spectrometer for condensed media monitoring in a rapid response mode is determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preliminary results of measurements of the solar modulation of the isotopic hydrogen and helium content in galactic cosmic rays are presented for the first time. These data were obtained between 2006 and 2014 in the PAMELA international orbital experiment via measuring the time of flight of nuclei in the Pamela scintillation telescope and via analyzing, in the multilayered calorimeter of the PAMELA magnetic spectrometer, ionization losses of nuclei whose rigidity was known from trajectory measurements and which traversed the instrument without undergoing nuclear interactions. The results of these measurements are compared with existing experimental and calculated data, which are quite scanty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work presents the determination of lifetimes of nuclear excited states using the Recoil Distance Doppler Shift Method, in combination with spectrometers for ion identification, normalizing the intensity of the peaks by the ions detected in the spectrometer as a valid technique that produces results comparable to the ones obtained by the conventional shifted-to-unsifted peak ratio method. The technique has been validated using data measured with the $ \gamma$ -ray array AGATA, the PRISMA spectrometer and the Cologne plunger setup. In this paper a test performed with the AGATA-PRISMA setup at LNL and the advantages of this new approach with respect to the conventional Recoil Distance Doppler Shift Method are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photonuclear methods used earlier in experiments at electron accelerators have been adapted for femtosecond pulsed lasers. In particular, the problem of measuring wide electron spectra under conditions of a high counting rate and, hence, a high probability of pulse pileup has been solved. To provide long-term stability of electron beams from plasma, a magnetic spectrometer combined with a magnetic-induction sensor has been developed. This spectrometer is capable of measuring the electron-beam characteristics in each ultrashort laser pulse. The results of the experiments carried out with the femtosecond laser system at the International Laser Center of the Moscow State University are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A magnetic mass spectrometer with a field ion source has been used to study the steady-state field evaporation of molybdenum at a temperature of 1000-2000 K. Ions of all seven molybdenum isotopes have been observed in the process of evaporation; only low-charge ions Mo and Mo have been detected. The critical ionization distances and ionization regions for single- and double-charge Mo ions have been identified based on the measured ion energies and the experimentally determined intensity of the evaporation field. It has been demonstrated that ions are produced in the process of field evaporation of surface atoms at certain distances from the emitter surface in a very narrow spatial region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angular distributions of $ \gamma$ -rays for selected transitions in Ar isotopes have been studied with the PRISMA magnetic spectrometer coupled to the CLARA $ \gamma$ array. These transitions were populated in Ar isotopes reached via neutron transfer in the Ar + Pb reaction. By comparison with the shape of the experimental angular distribution of the known E2 transitions we established more firmly the spin and parity of excited states. In particular, in Ar for the $ (11/2^-)$ state through the $ (11/2^-) \rightarrow 7/2^-$ transition whose structure was discussed in terms of a phonon-fermion coupled state. The comparison with the expected fully aligned spin indicated that a high level of spin alignment has been reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The differential cross sections of the ( p, p′) inelastic reaction on nuclei C, Si, Ca, and Fe at the initial proton energy of 1 GeV were measured over a wide range of the scattered proton momenta at a laboratory angle of Θ = 21°. Scattered protons were detected by means of the magnetic spectrometer equipped with a polarimeter based on multiwire proportional chambers. Momentum intervals were observed in which the ratios of the scattering cross sections off the nuclei do not depend on the scattered proton momentum (i.e., scaling). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compact nuclear-magnetic spectrometer is examined in which the design takes account of the special features of registration in the weak magnetic field of the NMR signal of a compact condensed medium. A table of characteristics of the nuclei most often used in nuclear-magnetic spectroscopy is compiled. The results of experimental studies of the condensed media are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polarization of secondary protons in the ( p, p') inelastic reactions on Ca and C nuclei at the initial proton energy of 1 GeV was measured over a wide range of scattered-proton momenta at a laboratory angle of Θ = 21°. The reaction cross sections were also measured. Scattered protons were detected by means of magnetic spectrometer equipped with a polarimeter based on multiwire-proportional chambers. A structure in the polarization and cross-section data, which is probably related to scattering off nucleon correlations in the nuclei involved, was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of the development of in-line nondestructive testing of mechanical properties of heat-strengthened oil and gas steel pipes remains topical. In this work, the effect of heat treatment conditions represented by the quenching temperature (in the range of 765-980°C) and cooling rate from the quenching temperature (in the range of 500-720°C, after quenching in water) on the structure, hardness, and magnetic properties (coercive force, residual induction, maximum magnetic permittivity, and saturation magnetization) is studied for the widely used pipe steels of 22KhG2A, 30KhMA, and 32G2 brands. The magnetic parameters are measured both in a closed magnetic circuit and using the attached magnetic devices on model and full-scale samples. A possible application of the coercimetric method as an alternative for the durametric one is shown for continuous underheating testing for quenching and the tempering quality of the pipes made from the steels under study during fabrication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field evaporation of tungsten at high temperatures ( T ~ 2000 K) has been studied using a magnetic mass spectrometer equipped with a field ion source. Only low-charge ions (W and W) have been observed in the course of evaporation for all tungsten isotopes. For singly charged ions only, the number of ions of the heaviest isotope, W+, was about one order of magnitude lower than that corresponding to the standard isotope ratio for natural tungsten. An explanation of this anomalous phenomenon is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A technique for identifying hydrogen isotopes based on experimental data obtained in the PAMELA satellite-borne experiment is analyzed. Discrimination of cosmic-ray deuteron fluxes from the background of proton fluxes with a significantly higher intensity using information from the magnetic spectrometer and the time-of-flight system is discussed. Selection of smooth functions for fitting experimentally measured distributions of the inverse particle velocity is considered. Criteria for verifying the correctness of detected particle counting are developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origin of the blueshifted narrow absorption components in the resonance sodium doublet lines observed in the spectra of some young stars is discussed. Such components are assumed to be formed by the interaction of the circumstellar gas with the stellar magnetosphere in the magnetic propeller regime. The results of observations for the post UX Ori star RZ Psc are discussed in detail. This star shows distinctive signatures of mass outflow in the absence of any clear accretion signatures. Such a picture is quite possible in the magnetic propeller regime. Estimates show that for this regime to be realized, the star must have a surface magnetic field of ~1 kG at an accretion rate that does not exceed 10 M yr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on data obtained from satellite in 2006-2009 in the PAMELA experiment, the Moon's shadow was discovered in cosmic rays with energies above 400 GeV. The obtained results are based on using the method for determining the particle arrival direction in the position-sensitive calorimeter, which is part of the PAMELA magnetic spectrometer. The Moon's shadow was found to be shifted to the east due to deviations of electrons in the Earth's magnetic field, which are part of the sample of detected particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The EPECUR experimental setup has been designed to search for narrow resonant states by precisely measuring differential and total reaction cross sections for pion-nucleon interactions with 1-MeV pion energy steps. Over the 5 years that passed from the submission of the idea of the experiment to the start of data taking in April 2009, a non-magnetic spectrometer with a liquid hydrogen target based on the large-aperture multiwire drift chambers with a hexagonal structure has been built at the universal beamline 322 of the U-10 proton synchrotron at the Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics. Owing to the unique properties of the beamline, the beam particle momentum can be measured with an accuracy of 0.1% or better using 1-mm-pitch proportional chambers located at the first focus of the beamline. The design of numerous subsystems of the setup is based on modern electronic components including microprocessors and field programmable gate arrays. All the subsystems have been tuned and tested both individually and as parts of the whole setup. The distributed data acquisition system is based on the widely spread USB and Ethernet protocols, which help achieve high performance characteristics and take full advantage of the industrial solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stages of development and the current status of the versatile 'Spectrometer with a Vertex Detector' setup designed for physics experiments at the U-70 accelerator of the Institute for High Energy Physics (Protvino) is described. The main detectors of the setup are the vertex detector based on silicon microstrip detectors, the wide-aperture magnetic spectrometer based on multiwire proportional chambers, and the lead-glass hodoscope γ detector. In the setup, there is a fast two-level trigger system for selecting required particle interactions. The key characteristics of the setup systems are presented, and the physical results obtained on it are briefly listed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]