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Tropical cyclone (TC) intensity estimation is a fundamental aspect of TC monitoring and forecasting. Deep learning models have recently been employed to estimate TC intensity from satellite images and yield precise results. This work proposes the ViT-TC model based on the Vision Transformer (ViT) architecture. Satellite images of TCs, including infrared (IR), water vapor (WV), and passive microwave (PMW), are used as inputs for intensity estimation. Experiments indicate that combining IR, WV, and PMW as inputs yields more accurate estimations than other channel combinations. The ensemble mean technique is applied to enhance the model's estimations, reducing the root-mean-square error to 9.32 kt (knots, 1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1) and the mean absolute error to 6.49 kt, which outperforms traditional methods and is comparable to existing deep learning models. The model assigns high attention weights to areas with high PMW, indicating that PMW magnitude is essential information for the model's estimation. The model also allocates significance to the cloud-cover region, suggesting that the model utilizes the whole TC cloud structure and TC eye to determine TC intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feature selection (FS) is a significant dimensionality reduction technique, which can effectively remove redundant features. Metaheuristic algorithms have been widely employed in FS, and have obtained satisfactory performance, among them, grey wolf optimizer (GWO) has received widespread attention. However, the GWO and its variants suffer from limited adaptability, poor diversity, and low accuracy when faced with high-dimensional data. The hybrid rice optimization (HRO) algorithm is an emerging metaheuristic algorithm derived from the hybrid heterosis and breeding mechanism in nature. It possesses a robust capacity to identify and converge towards optimal solutions. Therefore, a novel approach based on multi-strategy collaborative GWO combined with the HRO algorithm (HRO-GWO) for FS is proposed in this paper. The HRO-GWO algorithm is enhanced by four innovative strategies including dynamical regulation strategy and three search strategies. First, to improve the adaptability of GWO, the dynamical regulation strategy is devised for parameter optimization of GWO. Then, a multi-strategy co-evolution model inspired by HRO is designed, which utilizes neighborhood search, dual-crossover, and selfing techniques to bolster population diversity. Finally, the study develops a hybrid filter-wrapper framework incorporating chi-square and the HRO-GWO algorithm to efficiently select pertinent and informative feature subsets, enhancing the classification performance while conserving time. The performance of HRO-GWO has been rigorously assessed across benchmark functions and the effectiveness of the proposed framework has been evaluated on small-sample high-dimensional biomedical datasets. Our experimental findings demonstrate that the approach on the basis of HRO-GWO outperforms state−of-the−art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to systematic errors in models and the special geographic location of eastern China, most global climate models exhibit significant biases in predicting summer precipitation in this region. This study evaluates the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) forecasts for eastern China, with a lead time of six months.While NMME simulates precipitation climatology well, it poorly predicts anomalies. Using the Res34-Unet deep learning post-processing method, which has been proven to enhance NMME's forecasts, we explore that Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) and sea surface temperature (SST) are critical in enhancing forecast accuracy. Among the four models evaluated, only GEM-NEMO (correlation of 0.538 with the WPSH) and CanSIPS-IC3 (which partly captured the impact of SST anomalies on precipitation) partially reflected the key factors identified by deep learning. Simulating these factors more accurately could greatly enhance NMME's predictive skill for summer precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of underwater images is often affected by light scattering and attenuation, resulting in a loss of contrast and brightness. To address this issue, this paper proposes an underwater image enhancement method: improved Fick's law algorithm-based optimally weighted histogram framework (IFLAHF). The method incorporates the bi-histogram equalization-based three plateau limits (BHE3PL) technique to enhance image contrast and details while maintaining brightness. However, its dependence on fixed parameters limits its adaptability. To overcome this limitation, the paper introduces Fick's law algorithm (FLA) and then improves it to optimize the fixed parameters. FLA is improved by incorporating Tent chaotic mapping and reverse learning to increase population diversity, and Levy flight is introduced in the later stages to enhance exploitation. Additionally, a color correction technique is applied to correct color deviations in underwater images, leading to a more natural appearance. To verify the performance of the method, it is compared with different methods. As demonstrated by simulations, the proposed method outperforms existing algorithms in multiple underwater image enhancement metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GARCH-EVT-Copula is proved to have some advantages in improving the accuracy of predicting returns. Investor sentiment described by four indicators (market-turnover ratio, advance-decline ratio, new-highs/lows ratio, and Arms index) attracts increasing attention from researchers. In view of these two factors, firstly, we construct the ARMA-GARCH-Sent (AGS) model with investor sentiment indicator by principal component analysis (PCA). Secondly, considering the advantages of extreme value theory (which can deal with extreme deviations in the value of the probability distribution), we present the ARMA-GARCH-Sent-EVT (AGSE) model to describe the daily logarithmic return series of stocks. In addition, the Copula model is used to construct the multivariate distribution of daily logarithmic stock return series to capture their asymmetric and nonlinear characteristics. Furthermore, we propose an ARMA-GARCH-Sent-EVT-Copula (AGSEC) portfolio model with Copula. In order to highlight the advantages of our model, we make a comparative analysis of three models: the original ARMA-GARCH-Copula (AGC) model, the ARMA-GARCH-Sent-Copula (AGSC) model and the AGSEC model. Finally, we use the data of SHSE (Shanghai Stock Exchange) and SZSE (Shenzhen Stock Exchange) for empirical analysis and compare the dynamic portfolio strategies of the three models. The results show that our model AGSEC with investor sentiment is superior to the other two models, namely, it has higher return rates under the same constraint conditions, which means investor sentiment can assist investors in better navigating market dynamics and plays an increasingly important role in shaping portfolio performance and risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, extreme meteorological droughts have affected China, causing terrible socioeconomic impacts. Despite previous research on the spatiotemporal characteristics and mechanisms of drought, two crucial issues remain seldom explored. First, an event-oriented drought chronology with detailed spatiotemporal evolutions is urgently required. Second, the complex migration patterns and diversity of synchronous temperature extremes need to be quantitatively investigated. Accordingly, the main achievements of our investigation are as follows. We produced an event-oriented set of extreme meteorological droughts over China through the application of a newly developed 3D DBSCAN-based detection method (deposited on https://doi.org/10.25452/figshare.plus.25512334), which was verified with a historical atlas and monographs on a case-by-case basis. In addition, distinctive migration patterns (i.e., stationary/propagation types) are identified and ranked, considering the differences in latitudinal zones and coastal/inland locations. We also analyze the diversity of synchronous temperature extremes (e.g., hotness and coldness). Notably, an increasing trend in hot droughts occurred over China since the late 1990s, predominantly appearing to the south of 30°N and north of 40°N. All drought events and synchronous temperature extremes are ranked using a comprehensive magnitude index, with the 2022 summer-autumn Yangtze River hot drought being the hottest. Furthermore, Liang-Kleeman information flow-based causality analysis emphasizes key areas where the PDO and AMO influenced decadal variations in coverages of droughts and temperature extremes. We believe that the achievements in this study may offer new insights into sequential mechanism exploration and prediction-related issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional benign tumor excision leaves scars on the skin surface of the breast, which is unacceptable for young patients. The feasibility and clinical results of endoscopic resection of benign breast tumors through a single axillary incision via an inflatable method were evaluated. Methods: Clinicopathological data from 62 patients who underwent this procedure from June 2022 to July 2023 were retrospectively collected. The surgical success rate, number of tumors excised, operative time, intraoperative conditions, postoperative complications, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results: A total of 144 benign tumors were resected, and the surgical success rate was 100% (62/62). The time required to resect tumors located in the inner quadrant with larger diameters was shorter than the time to resect tumors located in the outer quadrant with smaller tumors. Sixty-two patients experienced reduced intraoperative bleeding and did not experience skin burns, incision infections, or poor healing. However, all patients experienced varying degrees of subcutaneous emphysema during the postoperative period. Fourteen patients experienced minor local effusions, and 3 patients experienced mild upper limb dysfunction, which resolved within one month. During the six-month follow-up period, there were no cases of tumor recurrence or new tumors. The ABNSW score was above 14 points, and patient satisfaction was high. Conclusion: Endoscopic resection of benign breast tumors through a single incision in the axilla via the inflatable method could quickly remove lesions larger than 3.0 cm. This method also results in hidden scars and good cosmetic effects on the shape of the breast. This is a new and effective treatment for benign breast tumors. Trial registration: This retrospective study was registered in the National Medical Research Registry filing system (https://www.medicalresearch.org.cn) (No. MR-44–22-007981) and recorded in the Medical Research Division of our hospital (No. NYXJS-22–021). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The frigid and droughty climate of Xinjiang in China has given rise to unique indigenous sheep breeds with robust adaptability and resistance. To investigate the genetic mechanism of adaptability of Xinjiang sheep to the local extreme environment, we conducted population genetic structure analyses for three native Xinjiang sheep breeds: Altay sheep (ALT), Bashbay Sheep (BSBC), and Duolang sheep (DLC), as well as two foreign sheep breeds: Suffolk and Dorset, using the Ovine Infinium HD SNP BeadChip(680 K). Our findings revealed distinct genetic and evolutionary histories between Xinjiang and foreign sheep breeds. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and phylogenetic tree effectively differentiate these five sheep breeds based on their geographical origins, and the domestication level of Xinjiang sheep is comparatively lower than that of foreign sheep breeds. Furthermore, by utilizing three selective signature methods, namely Fixation Index (Fst), Cross Population Extended Haplotype Homozygosity Test (XP-EHH), and Nucleotide Diversity (π), we have successfully identified 22 potential candidate genes. Among these genes, there are TBXT, PDGFD, and VEGFA, which are closely related to tail type and lipid metabolism; VIL1, SLC11A1, and ZBTB46, which are associated with immune function; and candidate genes such as BNC1, HDAC1, and BMP5, which impact sheep reproductive traits. This study establishes a foundation for conserving and utilizing local sheep germplasm resources in Xinjiang and provides molecular insights into the genetic mechanisms governing sheep adaptation to extreme cold and arid environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The anti-PD-L1 antibody durvalumab has been approved for use in first-line advanced biliary duct cancer (ABC). So far, predictive biomarkers of efficacy are lacking. Methods: ABC patients who underwent gemcitabine-based chemotherapy with or without durvalumab were retrospectively enrolled, and their baseline clinical pathological indices were retrieved from medical records. Overall (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were calculated and analyzed. The levels of peripheral biomarkers from 48 patients were detected with assay kits including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Genomic alterations in 27 patients whose tumor tissues were available were depicted via targeted next-generation sequencing. Results: A total of 186 ABC patients met the inclusion criteria between January 2020 and December 2022 were finally enrolled in this study. Of these, 93 patients received chemotherapy with durvalumab and the rest received chemotherapy alone. Durvalumab plus chemotherapy demonstrated significant improvements in PFS (6.77 vs. 4.99 months; hazard ratio 0.65 [95% CI 0.48–0.88]; P = 0.005), but not OS (14.29 vs. 13.24 months; hazard ratio 0.91 [95% CI 0.62–1.32]; P = 0.608) vs. chemotherapy alone in previously untreated ABC patients. The objective response rate (ORR) in patients receiving chemotherapy with and without durvalumab was 19.1% and 7.8%, respectively. Pretreatment sPD-L1, CSF1R and OPG were identified as significant prognosis predictors in patients receiving durvalumab. ADGRB3 and RNF43 mutations were enriched in patients who responded to chemotherapy plus durvalumab and correlated with superior survival. Conclusion: This retrospective real-world study confirmed the clinical benefit of durvalumab plus chemotherapy in treatment-naïve ABC patients. Peripheral sPD-L1 and CSF1R are promising prognostic biomarkers for this therapeutic strategy. Presence of ADGRB3 or RNF43 mutations could improve the stratification of immunotherapy outcomes, but further studies are warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effects of ultrasonic vibration and powder mixed on Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) are investigated. Based on the heat transfer theory, an ultrasonic powder mixed EDM (US-PMEDM) heat transfer model combining ultrasonic vibration and powder mixed characteristics is established, and the heat transfer model carries out a transient thermodynamic simulation for the process of removing the material during the EDM process, and through the experimental and simulation analysis of four kinds of EDM, powder mixed EDM (PMEDM), ultrasonic (UEDM), and US-PMEDM, the accuracy of the simulation is verified. The accuracy of the simulation was verified by observing the surface morphology after machining. The material removal process was analyzed under different machining methods and different concentrations of powder mixed particles. Under the processing conditions of fixed processing current of 2A, ultrasonic amplitude of 5 µm, and powder concentration of 2g/L, the material removal rate (MRR) of the PMEDM method was increased by about 26.3% and the surface roughness (SR) was reduced by 7.78% compared with that of the EDM method, and the material removal rate of the US-PMEDM method was increased by about 49.4% and the surface roughness was increased by 4.05% compared with that of the EDM method. The surface quality can be improved by adding powder mixing, and the surface quality of powder mixing is better than that of ultrasonic vibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The surgical treatment of optic pathway gliomas (OPG) remains controversial, with visual outcomes often unpredictable. The present study explored surgical and clinical factors influencing visual acuity (VA) after OPG treatment and developed anatomical subtypes correlated with clinical symptoms. Methods: Children with OPG who underwent initial partial tumor resection at Beijing Tiantan Hospital from January 2011 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression and random forest analyses were performed to identify risk factors for post-treatment VA deterioration and a decision tree model was created based on significant factors. Results: A total of 140 patients were enrolled. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified surgical approach and initial VA as independent predictors of post-treatment VA deterioration (P < 0.05). Surgical approach, initial VA, and extent of tumor resection were the most significant factors for risk assessment and were included in the decision tree model, with surgical approach as the most important "root" node. The model demonstrated good predictive performance, with area under the curve values of 0.75 and 0.66 for the training and test datasets, respectively. A simple anatomical classification was developed, which revealed clinical characteristic differences among OPG types. Meanwhile, a correlation analysis of post-treatment visual deterioration was performed for each of the three anatomical types. Conclusion: This study offers a predictive model for visual outcomes following initial tumor-reduction surgery in OPG patients, which may help in visual outcomes risk stratification. Additionally, the anatomical classification effectively indicates OPG growth direction, offering potential insights into clinical symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association between cytokine receptor-like factor 2 (CRLF2) and clinical outcomes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been a topic of ongoing debate, with divergent findings. This article intended to investigate the influence of CRLF2 alterations on ALL prognosis. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, this meta-analysis was conducted. Hazard ratio (HR) values and confidence intervals (CIs) were the primary statistical measures used. Data heterogeneity was judged using the chi-square test and I2 statistic. Publication bias was appraised with funnel plots, Begg's test, and Egger's test. 16 studies with 6771 patients were finally screened out. CRLF2 over-expression (CRLF2 OE) was associated with poorer event-free survival (EFS) (HR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.18–2.44, P = 0.004) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (HR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.28–2.24, P = 0.000) in pediatric ALL. Patients with CRLF2-deregulation (CRLF2-d), also known as CRLF2 rearrangement, exhibited shorter overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.49–3.32, P = 0.000), EFS (HR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.43–2.60, P = 0.000), and RFS (HR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.53–3.18, P = 0.000) compared to those without CRLF2-d. Subgroup analysis of multivariate HRs and corresponding CIs indicated that childhood with CRLF2 OE had a shorter RFS (HR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.28–2.24, P = 0.006), and CRLF2-d was identified as an independent prognostic biomarker for OS (HR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.49–3.32, P = 0.000), EFS (HR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.44–2.64, P = 0.000), and RFS (HR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.53–3.18, P = 0.000) in pediatric ALL patients. Both CRLF2 OE and CRLF2-d are associated with poor prognosis in ALL patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under global warming, understanding the long-term variation in different types of heatwaves is vital for China's preparedness against escalating heat stress. This study investigates dry and wet heatwave shifts in eastern China over recent decades. Spatial trend analysis displays pronounced warming in inland midlatitudes and the Yangtze River Valley, with increased humidity in coastal regions. EOF results indicate intensifying dry heatwaves in northern China, while the Yangtze River Valley sees more frequent dry heatwaves. On the other hand, Indochina and regions north of 25°N also experience intensified wet heatwaves, corresponding to regional humidity increases. Composite analysis is conducted based on different situations: strong, frequent dry or wet heatwaves. Strong dry heatwaves are influenced by anticyclonic circulations over northern China, accompanied by warming SST anomalies around the coastal midlatitudes of the western North Pacific (WNP). Frequent dry heatwaves are related to strong subsidence along with a strengthened subtropical high over the WNP. Strong and frequent wet heatwaves show an intensified Okhotsk high at higher latitudes in the lower troposphere, and a negative circumglobal teleconnection wave train pattern in the upper troposphere. Decaying El Niño SST patterns are observed in two kinds of wet heatwave and frequent dry heatwave years. Risk analysis indicates that El Niño events heighten the likelihood of these heatwaves in regions most at risk. As global warming continues, adapting and implementing mitigation strategies toward extreme heatwaves becomes crucial, especially for the aforementioned regions under significant heat stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Earthquake magnitude prediction is an exceptionally challenging task that has been explored through various machine learning approaches. However, the development of prediction models is hindered by redundant features and time series properties. The Elite Genetic Algorithm (EGA) excels in searching for optimal feature subsets; while, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is specialized in processing time series and complex data. Hence, we introduce an EGA feature selection and LSTM model (EGA-LSTM) for time series earthquake prediction. Initially, acoustic and electromagnetic data from our developed AETA system are fused and preprocessed using a roulette-based EGA to search strong correlation indicators. Subsequently, LSTM is employed to perform magnitude prediction with the selected features. Specially, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of LSTM and the ratio of selected features are chosen as fitness components of EGA. Finally, we evaluate the proposed EGA-LSTM on AETA data from four regions from China, considering the influence of data in different time periods (timePeriod) and fitness function weights ( ω a and ω F ) on prediction results. Furthermore, our proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods in evaluation metrics such as EV, MAE, MSE, RMSE, and R2. Nonparametric tests reveal that EGA-LSTM is significantly different from others and outperforms the standard LSTM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vertical tube indirect evaporative cooler (VTIEC) could be preferred one to air-conditioning buildings if its water film quality could be improved. This paper proposed a new VTIEC with inner grooved tubes to improve the water film quality and obtained its performance by experimental method. The results indicated that inner grooved tubes have positive effects on the water film and performance of the new VTIEC. A low working air enthalpy at inlet can significantly improve the total cooling capacity from evaporation, and then VTIEC performance. In this paper conditions, the velocity ratio of 1.52 of the produced air to the working air is better one condition compared to 1.01 and 2.28. The produced air velocity is positive effect on the cooling capacity per unit area until the produced air velocity of about 4.05 m/s and is negative effect on COP. The maximum unit cooling capacity, wet-bulb efficiency and COP are 307.74W/m2, 81.7% and 44.97.The results will promote the application of the new VTIEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the Riemann–Hilbert (RH) problem is employed to study the Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel (LPD) equation with arbitrary-order pole points under finite density initial data condition. By performing spectral analysis on Lax pairs, a suitable matrix RH problem is established. Through the residue theorem, the explicit expression of simple pole solutions is obtained by Binet–Cauchy theorem. In addition, utilizing the Wronskian form of scattering data s 11 (μ) which degenerates to zero at high-order zero points and the Taylor expansion of oscillation index e 2 i θ , the expression of the high-order pole solutions is constructed. Moreover, the detailed analysis is conducted on the dynamic behaviors of special soliton solutions, and some interesting soliton phenomena are presented by taking the influence of various parameters into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomolecular condensates or membraneless organelles (MLOs) formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) divide intracellular spaces into discrete compartments for specific functions. Dysregulation of LLPS or aberrant phase transition that disturbs the formation or material states of MLOs is closely correlated with neurodegeneration, tumorigenesis, and many other pathological processes. Herein, we summarize the recent progress in development of methods to monitor phase separation and we discuss the biogenesis and function of MLOs formed through phase separation. We then present emerging proof-of-concept examples regarding the disruption of phase separation homeostasis in a diverse array of clinical conditions including neurodegenerative disorders, hearing loss, cancers, and immunological diseases. Finally, we describe the emerging discovery of chemical modulators of phase separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that originates from the parafollicular C cells of thyroid gland. Understanding the fundamental pathophysiology of MTC is essential for clinical management. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology is a powerful tool for identifying distinct cell types, offering a new biological foundation for comprehending the MTC ecosystem and developing precise treatment. Methods: Formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of primary and adjacent non-cancerous tissues of three MTC cases were collected, and single-cell transcriptome data of MTC were obtained by using scRNA-seq technology. Annotated cell subpopulations were categorized and functionally enriched by principal component analysis, differential gene expression, and cell clustering analysis, to explore the biological process of tumor evolution that may be involved in each cell subpopulation. The copy number variation (CNV) profile was used to distinguish the malignancy of parafollicular thyroid cells, and the evolutionary trajectories of normal cells and tumor cells were revealed by the proposed time series analysis. The highly expressed genes in each cell subpopulation were analyzed by the FindAllMarker function of Seurat software, and verified by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The prognostic value of specific cell subtypes was validated using large-scale public datasets. Results: A total of 32,544 cells were obtained from the MTC tissue samples and 11,751 cells from the adjacent non-cancerous samples, which were classified into 7 heterogenous subpopulations by using R package of Seurat module. Copy number variations (CNVs) were significantly higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent non-tumor samples, predominantly enriched in subtypes C2 and C4. In addition, the pseudo-time for trajectory analysis suggested that the evolution of MTC tumor cells might begin with the C2 subtype, then transition to the early cancer subgroup C3, and further differentiate into four major malignant cell subpopulations C0, C1, C5 and C6. Survival analysis of a thyroid cancer cohort using the TCGA dataset revealed that high expression of genes linked to the C0 subcluster was correlated with poorer overall survival compared to low expression. Immunohistochemical staining showed that MAP3K4 was highly expressed in MTC tissues compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Fluorescence in situ hybridization also confirmed the amplification of these two genes in MTC samples. Conclusions: By conducting scRNA-seq on FFPE samples, we mapped the single-cell transcriptome of MTC, uncovering the tumor heterogeneity and unique biological features of each cellular subpopulation. The biological roles of identified tumor cell subpopulations such as C0 and C3 subtypes of parafollicular cells suggested the potential to discover new therapeutic targets and biomarkers for MTC, providing valuable insights for future translational and clinical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uncertainty principle reveals the intrinsic differences between the classical and quantum worlds, which plays a significant role in quantum information theory. By using ρ -absolute variance, we introduce the uncertainty of quantum channels and explore its properties. By using Cauchy–Schwarz inequality and the parallelogram law, we establish the product and summation forms of the uncertainty relations for arbitrary two quantum channels, respectively. The summation form of the uncertainty inequalities based on the ρ -absolute variance for arbitrary N quantum channels is also investigated, and the optimal lower bounds are presented. We illustrate our results by several typical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary hypertension, a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a major global health concern. Green tea is a popular beverage that is consumed all over the world. Green tea's active ingredients are epicatechin derivatives, also known as "polyphenols," which have anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to explore the possible mechanism of green tea polyphenols in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental verification. A total of 316 potential green tea polyphenols-related targets were obtained from the PharmMapper, SwissTargetPrediction, and TargetNet databases. A total of 410 pulmonary hypertension-related targets were predicted by the CTD, DisGeNET, pharmkb, and GeneCards databases. Green tea polyphenols-related targets were hit by the 49 targets associated with pulmonary hypertension. AKT1 and HIF1-α were identified through the FDA drugs-target network and PPI network combined with GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment. Molecular docking results showed that green tea polyphenols had strong binding abilities to AKT1 and HIF1-α. In vitro experiments showed that green tea polyphenols inhibited the proliferation and migration of hypoxia stimulated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by decreasing AKT1 phosphorylation and downregulating HIF1α expression. Collectively, green tea polyphenols are promising phytochemicals against pulmonary hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1980, both the intensity and duration of summer heatwaves in the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere have significantly increased, leading this region to become a critical area for a significant increase in the frequency of intense and long-lived extreme heatwaves. We found that stronger and more persistent high-pressure systems and lower soil moisture before the events were the main drivers of intense and long-lived extreme heatwaves in western Europe and the middle and high latitudes of North America. However, in eastern Europe and Siberia, lower cloud cover before events is also a main driver of this type of extreme heatwave, in addition to the above drivers. These factors are coupled with each other and can change heatwave intensity and duration by influencing surface radiation processes during events. Using the self-organizing map classification method, we found that 6 weather patterns with increased frequency, intensity, and duration were the main dynamic reasons leading to the increase in intense and long-lived extreme heatwaves after 1980. In addition, the decrease in summer average soil moisture in most areas of the mid-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and the decrease in average cloud cover in eastern Europe and Siberia are found to be the main thermodynamic reasons leading to the increase in these extreme heatwaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tropical cyclones (TCs) have experienced poleward migration in recent years, but whether this exists in future projections with high-resolution climate models remains unclear. This study investigates the poleward migration of TCs over the western North Pacific (WNP) using CMIP6-HighResMIP models. We first assess the model performance in TC genesis frequency and latitude, which differ greatly from the observations, especially in winter and spring due to misinterpretation of extratropical storms. In this study, we put forward a revised constrained detection method based on the sea surface temperature (SST) and the atmospheric conditions to resolve this bias. Results indicate that the revised detection method has good performance in capturing the annual cycle of TC genesis frequency and latitude. Future projections constrained by this method show that the latitude of TC genesis and lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) both undergo a poleward shift, with the former being more significant. Spatial changes in the dynamic potential genesis index and large-scale environment could explain this shift. The regional changes of Hadley circulation and the role of global warming and internal variability are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is significantly impacted by torrential rainfall induced by tropical cyclone (TC) activity particularly in South China (SC) and East China (EC). This study delineates the distinct TC activities associated with these regions over the western North Pacific (WNP). Our analysis reveals that in SC, positive TC rainfall is largely attributed to a significant increase in TC genesis within the South China Sea (SCS), along with predominantly westward TC tracks. In EC, rainfall patterns are influenced by a northward extension of both TC genesis and tracks, notably affecting areas such as the Yangtze River delta and Shandong Province. This study further explores the modulation effects of preceding sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) and the eastern Pacific on summer TC rainfall in SC and EC. We find that autumn warming in the EIO enhances subsequent summer TC rainfall in SC by modulating cyclonic anomalies along with favorable conditions for TC genesis and convection over the SC coast, while simultaneously diminishing convections over EC. Meanwhile, La Niña events lead to increased TC rainfall in EC during the subsequent summer by modifying the large-scale background circulation. This modification promotes TC formation at higher latitudes and facilitates more TCs moving northwestward directly toward EC. This research provides valuable insights into the distinct underlying mechanisms driving regional TC rainfall variation, highlighting the importance of region-specific analyses in understanding and forecasting TC impacts in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wave trains propagating across Eurasia at both high and low latitudes in winter are key to the climate variation over East Asia via modulating the cold surge and moisture supply, with different configurations inducing diverse impacts. In this study, the combined impacts of the Eurasian (EU) pattern and South Asian jet wave train (SAJW) at a 10–30-day timescale are compared when they work in phase (indices of same signs) and out of phase (indices of opposite signs). Different configuration is defined by considering whether they induce a concurrent or reversing center of action over East Asia–Japan. The in-phase configuration induces a strong outbreak of the East Asian winter monsoon by intensifying the East Asian trough. In contrast, the out-of-phase configuration restricts the cold air over North China and enhances the moisture supply from the low latitudes by intensifying the India-Burma (now Myanmar) trough and an anomalous anticyclone over East Asia-the western North Pacific, inducing abnormal precipitation over Southwest and North China. In in-phase configuration, the EU pattern and SAJW are excited by abnormal disturbances over the western North Atlantic. The disturbance energy splits over Europe and joins over East Asia, intensifying the East Asian trough concurrently. In out-of-phase configuration, the two teleconnections do not share a common upstream source; they develop individually over the eastern North Atlantic in high and subtropical latitudes. They join north of the Bay of Bengal, resulting in a deepened India-Burma trough and an onward western North Pacific anticyclone anomaly. Both the EU pattern and SAJW influence the East Asian trough and the India-Burma trough in different configurations mainly via the advection of abnormal vorticity along wave trains by the subtropical westerly jet stream, with the anticyclonic Rossby wave source and Beta effect playing a negative role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geopotential height (H) is a widely used metric for atmospheric circulation. H has been reported to rise under global warming, but the amplitude and mechanism of this rise are not clear. Based on reanalysis datasets and climate models participating in CMIP6, this study quantitatively evaluates the sensitivity of H to global mean surface air temperature (Ts), i.e., dH/dTs. Reanalysis datasets and model simulations consistently show that dH/dTs increases monotonically with altitude in the troposphere, with a global averaged value of about 24.5 gpm/K at 500 hPa, which overwhelms the interannual H variability. Diagnosis based on the hypsometric equation shows that the rise in global H is dominated by expansion of the air column due to warming-induced reduction in air density, and the magnitude of dH/dTs is determined largely by a vertical integration of the warming profile below the pressure level. Since the anthropogenic forced rise in H is rather horizontally uniform and proportional to Ts change, past and projected future changes in the global H field at each pressure level can be reproduced by change in Ts multiplied by a constant historical dH/dTs value. Spatially uniform rise in H reproduces the past and projected future expansion of the widely used H = 5880 gpm contour at 500 hPa, suggesting that it does not indicate enhancement of the subtropical high but is simply caused by thermal expansion of the atmosphere. This work uncovers the physical mechanism for rising H and offers a simple way to estimate H anomaly based on Ts anomaly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growth of large-scale image surveillance and video data in the field of public security, image retrieval has extremely important application value. In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to distinguish different instances in the image and the lack of visible objects in the image-level retrieval, we apply a new method, which is a cross-modal instance-level retrieval method based on text retrieval of images or videos. Natural language-based image search poses a new challenge to the fine-granularity understanding of visual and linguistic patterns. To bridge language and vision, we propose a cross-modal image retrieval method, based on contrastive learning, which consists of two parts: multi-granularity cross-modal contrastive learning and multi-modal fusion module based on similarity matrix and encoder-decoder captioning. In our experiments on open-source data sets, our method outperforms several SOTA cross-modality baselines, and demonstrate the effectiveness by ablation experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shale matrix permeability is vital to the evaluation of shale petrophysical property. In this study, an analytical model that considers pore size distribution, tortuosity, adsorption, and slippage effects is developed, to calculate the permeability of shale samples. Specifically, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), the ImageJ software, and the MATLAB programming and numeric computing environment are employed to experimentally characterize the pore structure and to fit and optimize the pore size distribution. The discrete pore size distributions of organic matter and inorganic matter pores for Longmaxi and Qiongzhusi shale samples are determined based on FE-SEM images. According to the sum of squares error (SSE), coefficient of determination (R2), root-mean-square error (RMSE), and outcome of the fit, the Gaussian 2 correlation function is optimized to fit the continuous pore size distribution. Finally, the permeabilities of five shale rock samples are calculated and compared with the measured results from the Longmaxi and Qiongzhusi Formations. The results illustrate that the multi-term Gaussian fit is more suitable for calculating the permeability of samples with multimodal pore size distributions than the multi-segment Gaussian fit. The calculated results from the pore size distribution are more accuracy than those from the representative mean pore radius. The influence of pore size distribution on permeability and how seepage mechanisms in different pore sizes work together to represent permeability changes at the core scale will be investigated in the future. The study provides a more reliable calculation of the shale matrix permeability compared to previous methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) not only significantly improves survival rates in severely ill neonates but also is associated with long-term neurodevelopmental issues. To systematically review the available literature on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonates and infants who have undergone ECMO treatment, with a focus on motor deficits, cognitive impairments, sensory impairments, and developmental delays. This review aims to understand the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for these problems and to explore current nursing care and management strategies. Data sources: A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science using a wide array of keywords and phrases pertaining to ECMO, neonates, infants, and various facets of neurodevelopment. The initial screening involved reviewing titles and abstracts to exclude irrelevant articles, followed by a full-text assessment of potentially relevant literature. The quality of each study was evaluated based on its research methodology and statistical analysis. Moreover, citation searches were conducted to identify potentially overlooked studies. Although the focus was primarily on neonatal ECMO, studies involving children and adults were also included due to the limited availability of neonate-specific literature. Results: About 50% of neonates post-ECMO treatment exhibit varying degrees of brain injury, particularly in the frontal and temporoparietal white matter regions, often accompanied by neurological complications. Seizures occur in 18%–23% of neonates within the first 24 hours, and bleeding events occur in 27%–60% of ECMO procedures, with up to 33% potentially experiencing ischemic strokes. Although some studies suggest that ECMO may negatively impact hearing and visual development, other studies have found no significant differences; hence, the influence of ECMO remains unclear. In terms of cognitive, language, and intellectual development, ECMO treatment may be associated with potential developmental delays, including lower composite scores in cognitive and motor functions, as well as potential language and learning difficulties. These studies emphasize the importance of early detection and intervention of potential developmental issues in ECMO survivors, possibly necessitating the implementation of a multidisciplinary follow-up plan that includes regular neuromotor and psychological evaluations. Overall, further multicenter, large-sample, long-term follow-up studies are needed to determine the impact of ECMO on these developmental aspects. Conclusions: The impact of ECMO on an infant's nervous system still requires further investigation with larger sample sizes for validation. Fine-tuned management, comprehensive nursing care, appropriate patient selection, proactive monitoring, nutritional support, and early rehabilitation may potentially contribute to improving the long-term outcomes for these infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the exponential growth of online social networks as complex networks has presented challenges in expanding networks and forging new connections. Link prediction emerges as a crucial technique to anticipate future relationships among users, leveraging the current network state to address this challenge effectively. While link prediction models on monoplex networks have a well-established history, the exploration of similar tasks on multilayer networks has garnered considerable attention. Extracting topological and multimodal features for weighting links can improve link prediction in weighted complex networks. Meanwhile, establishing reliable and trustworthy paths between users is a useful way to create metrics that convert unweighted to weighted similarity. The local random walk is a widely used technique for predicting links in weighted monoplex networks. The aim of this paper is to develop a semi-local random walk over reliable paths to improve link prediction on a multilayer social network as a complex network, which is denoted as Reliable Multiplex semi-Local Random Walk (RMLRW). RMLRW leverages the semi-local random walk technique over reliable paths, integrating intra-layer and inter-layer information from multiplex features to conduct a trustworthy biased random walk for predicting new links within a target layer of multilayer networks. In order to make RMLRW scalable, we develop a semi-local random walk-based network embedding to represent the network in a lower-dimensional space while preserving its original characteristics. Extensive experimental studies on several real-world multilayer networks demonstrate the performance assurance of RMLRW compared to equivalent methods. Specifically, RMLRW improves the average f-measure of the link prediction by 3.2% and 2.5% compared to SEM-Path and MLRW, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) have shown great promise in second near-infrared window (NIR-II) phototheranostics. However, the issue of long metabolic time significantly restricts the clinical application of SPNs. In this study, we rationally designed a biodegradable SPN (BSPN50) for NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT). BSPN50 is prepared by encapsulating a biodegradable SP (BSP50) with an amphiphilic copolymer F-127. BSP50 is composed of NIR-II fluorescent diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) segment and degradable poly(phenylenevinylene) (PPV) segment with the ratio of 50/50. BSPN50 has both satisfactory degradability under myeloperoxidase (MPO)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and NIR-II fluorescence emission upon 808 nm laser excitation. Furthermore, BSPN50 shows good photodynamic efficacy under 808 nm laser irradiation. BSPN50 shows a faster degradation rate than BSPN100 which has no PPV segment both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, BSPN50 can effectively diagnose tumor via NIR-II fluorescence imaging and inhibit the tumor growth by PDT. Thus, our study provides a rational approach to construct biodegradable nanoplatforms for efficient tumor NIR-II phototheranostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The observed Southern Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) has experienced prominent inter-decadal variability nearly in phase with the Inter-decadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), but less associated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV), challenging the prevailing view of Pacific-Atlantic synergistic effects. Yet, the mechanisms of distinct trans-hemispheric connections to the Southern Ocean remain indecisive. Here, by individually constraining the observed cold-polarity and warm-polarity IPO and AMV SSTs in a climate model, we show that the IPO is influential in initiating a basin-wide Southern Ocean response, with the AMV secondary. A tropical Pacific-wide cooling triggers a basin-scale Southern Ocean cold episode through a strong Rossby wave response to the north-to-south cross-equatorial weakened Hadley circulation. By contrast, due to the competing role of tropical Pacific cooling, an Atlantic warming partly cools the Southern Ocean via a weak Rossby wave response to the south-to-north cross-equatorial enhanced Hadley circulation. Conversely, tropical Pacific warming leads to a warm Southern Ocean episode. Our findings highlight that properly accounting for the tropical Pacific SST variability may provide a potential for skillful prediction of Southern Ocean climate change and more reliable estimates of climate sensitivity, currently overestimated by the misrepresented Southern Ocean warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the activity of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Bay of Bengal (BOB) from 1979 to 2018 to discover the mechanism affecting the contribution rate to the meridional moisture budget anomaly (MMBA) over the southern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau (SBTP). May and October–December are the bimodal phases of BOB TC frequency, which decreases month by month from October to December and is relatively low in May. However, the contribution rate to the MMBA is the highest in May. The seasonal variation in the meridional position of the westerlies is the key factor affecting the contribution rate. The relatively southern (northern) position of the westerlies in November and December (May) results in a lower (higher) contribution rate to the MMBA. This mechanism is confirmed by the momentum equation. When water vapor enters the westerlies near the trough line, the resultant meridional acceleration is directed north. It follows that the farther north the trough is, and the farther north the water vapor can be transported. When water vapor enters the westerlies from the area near the ridge line, for Type-T (Type-R) TCs, water vapor enters the westerlies downstream of the trough (ridge). Consequently, the direction of the resultant meridional acceleration is directed south and the resultant zonal acceleration is directed east (west), which is not conducive to the northward transport of water vapor. This is especially the case if the trough or ridge is relatively south, as the water vapor may not cross the SBTP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the interdecadal enhancement of the South China Sea–Western North Pacific monsoon trough (MT) and its relationship with tropical cyclone (TC) genesis in the mid-2000s. Analyses reveal pronounced intensification of the MT, increased synoptic-scale wave activity, and more TC genesis over the South China Sea –Philippine Sea after the mid-2000s. Due to the delayed South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) withdrawal, in the three-dimensional circulation structure, the low-level (850-hPa) MT endures for an extended period, accompanied by a typical cyclonic circulation and more potent convergence and upward motion over the southern South China Sea–Philippine Sea. This creates a beneficial background for TC genesis. Meanwhile, alterations in the intensity and position of the mid-level (500-hPa) Western North Pacific subtropical high and the upper-level (200-hPa) South Asian high impact the vertical circulation structures, thus influencing the overall environmental conditions. Increased moisture, cyclonic anomalies, and enhanced low-level (upper-level) convergence (divergence) act constructively for TC genesis. Intensified barotropic and baroclinic eddy kinetic energy conversions strengthen synoptic-scale systems like synoptic-scale waves, also facilitating TC formation. Anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) warming over the Philippine Sea excites a cyclonic anomaly through an equatorial Rossby wave response due to convective heating, maintaining the MT structure. Model simulations also demonstrate that the warming of SST in September has a positive effect on maintaining the MT structure. In summary, warmer Philippine Sea SST leads to delayed SCSSM withdrawal associated with the persistent MT accompanied by advantageous environmental conditions and more active synoptic-scale waves, leading to the interdecadal increase in TC genesis over the South China Sea–Philippine Sea during the SCSSM withdrawal phase since the mid-2000s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compression test was conducted to investigate the responses of nanosized oxides in an oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) FeCrAl alloy to compression deformation. The microstructures were investigated by TEM and HRTEM techniques. The formation mechanism of the oxides detected in the Fe-Cr-Al-Y-Zr-O alloy system was explained by using the pseudo-convex hull of formation enthalpy. It was found that the nano-oxides with diameters less than 10 nm was deformed during compression tests, and that the oxides kept a coherence or semi-coherence relationship with the matrix. It was also found that ODS alloys with different microstructures respond differently to the deformation process: In the ODS alloy with small oxides (0.6Zr-1200), the oxides can be deformed by the deformation of the matrix, resulting in a synergistic effect of deformation; however, in a comparative model alloy (0.6Zr-1200-CM) with a larger average size of oxides, it was found that there was a detachment phenomenon at the interface between the oxides and the matrix during deformation. The damage mechanism of the ODS alloy is briefly discussed. The findings of the present research provide a reference of significance in controlling the microstructure of the ODS FeCrAl alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive air brazing of 3YSZ ceramic and aluminized Crofer22H stainless steel was conducted using Pd-modified Ag-2CuO fillers in this study. The influence of Pd content on the interfacial microstructure and the mechanical properties of the joints at room (25 °C) and high temperatures (600 °C) was thoroughly investigated. The results revealed that an increase in Pd content resulted in a decrease in the solubility of O element in the filler system, thereby altering the form of CuO at high temperatures and significantly enhancing its reactivity with aluminized Crofer22H stainless steel. Additionally, there was a significant deterioration observed in the wettability of the fillers on ceramics. Well-joined joints were only achieved with the use of Ag2CuO-3 wt.% Pd filler, resulting in a 27.9% increase in room temperature shear strength due to enhanced interface reaction. At 600 °C, plastic deformation caused Ag-based filler to soften through dynamic recrystallization, but the addition of Pd dissolved in the matrix produced a solute drag effect that inhibited this process and increased joint shear strength by 41.1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban water bodies can effectively mitigate the urban heat island effect and thus enhance the climate resilience of urban areas. The cooling effect of different water bodies varies, however, the cooling heterogeneity of different sections of a single watercourse or river network is rarely considered. Based on various satellite images, geospatial approaches and statistical analyses, our study confirmed the cooling heterogeneity from spatial and seasonal perspectives of the Suzhou Outer-city River in detail in the urban area of Suzhou, China. The cooling effect of the river was observed in the daytime in four seasons, and it is strongest in summer, followed by spring and autumn, and weakest in winter. The combination of the width of the river reach, the width and the NDVI value of the adjacent green space can explain a significant part of the cooling heterogeneity of the different river sections in different seasons. Land surface temperature (LST) variations along the river are more related to the width of the river reach, but the variations of the cooling distance are more related to the adjacent green space. The cooling effect of a river reach could be enhanced if it is accompanied by green spaces. In addition, the cooling effect of a looping river is stronger on the inside area than on the outside. The methodology and results of this study could help orient scientific landscape strategies in urban planning for cooler cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Donor-derived infection (DDI) has become an important factor affecting the prognosis of lung transplantation patients. The risks versus benefits of using donor organs infected with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO), especially carbapenem-resistant organisms (CRO), are frequently debated. Traditional microbial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing at present fail to meet the needs of quick CRO determination for donor lungs before acquisition. In this study, we explored a novel screening method by using Xpert® Carba-R assay for CRO in donor lungs in a real-time manner to reduce CRO-associated DDI mortality. Methods: This study was registered on chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2100053687) on November 2021. In the Xpert Carba-R screening group, donor lungs were screened for CRO infection by the Xpert Carba-R test on bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) before acquisition. If the result was negative, donor lung acquisition and subsequent lung transplantation were performed. In the thirty-five potential donors, nine (25.71%) with positive Xpert Carba-R results in BALF were declined for lung transplantation. Twenty-six recipients and the matching CRO-negative donor lungs (74.29%) were included in the Xpert Carba-R screening group. In the control group, nineteen recipients underwent lung transplants without Xpert Carba-R screening. The incidence and mortality of CRO-associated DDI were collected and contrasted between the two groups. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that CRO-related death due to DDI within 60 days was significantly lower in the Xpert Carba-R screening group than that in the control group (OR = 0.05, 95% CI 0.003–0.74, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Real-time CRO screening of donor lungs before transplantation at the point of care by the Xpert Carba-R helps clinicians formulate lung transplantation strategies quickly and reduces the risk of subsequent CRO infection improving the prognosis of lung transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring reliable correspondences in a given putative set is a fundamental task in two-view geometry estimation. The random sample consensus (RANSAC) method is a widely used estimator. It typically searches inliers within the putative correspondences initialized by the local similarity of the descriptors. However, RANSAC may be inefficient when actual inliers are heavily contaminated by mismatches. In this study, we attempt to identify true inliers from heavily contaminated two-view correspondences and propose a parallel core sample consensus (CSAC) method based on gradient difference. CSAC employs the gradient difference between two images as a global metric to compensate for the locality of the typical initialization. First, a pool of errors is constructed in parallel based on the gradient differences of the pixels between a pair of correspondences. For four keypoints of two correspondences, the gradients of the pixels on the line between two keypoints in each image are calculated. The error of the two correspondences is the average difference between the two resulting gradient serials. Second, a core set is constructed using the correspondences with the top-k smallest errors in the pool. Subsequently, CSAC searches the inliers in the input set via parallel testing of the minimal sets sampled in the core set. Finally, post-processing refines the resulting inliers based on neighborhood preservation. Experiments comparing seven state-of-the-art methods are conducted on eight publicly available datasets. The experimental results indicate that CSAC outperforms the other competing methods in terms of inlier precision and model accuracy. The source code is available at https://github.com/xintaoding/CSAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigates the coupled variability of temperature and precipitation in eastern China during summer using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to better understand and mitigate simultaneous occurrences of extreme events, such as compound droughts and heat waves. Two dominant modes are identified: the first exhibits a strong warming and drying trend in the region north of the Yangtze River, with the opposite occurring in the south; the second illustrates decadal oscillations in temperature and precipitation, alternating between cool-wet conditions and warm-dry conditions in southern China. The underlying mechanisms for these leading modes are revealed through correlation, composite analysis, and model simulations. The first mode is associated with a negative Pacific-Japan teleconnection in the lower atmosphere and a stationary Rossby wave train across Eurasia in the upper troposphere, which are influenced by global warming and sea surface temperature anomalies in the western North Atlantic. The second mode is linked to alternating active periods of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The NAO exerts a significant influence on the summer climate in eastern China during its active phases, while the PDO shows an opposite effect when the NAO is less active. These findings provide valuable implications for long-term planning and adaptation strategies to better cope with compound extreme events in eastern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]