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The hot tensile deformation properties and microstructure evolution of high purity C71500 cupronickel alloy at 1 023–1 273 K and 0.000 1–0.1 s−1 strain rates were studied by uniaxial hot tensile deformation method. Based on the experimental data, the flow behavior, microstructure and fracture characteristics of the alloy were analyzed after considering the influence of different deformation parameters. The relationship between microstructure and high temperature (T⩾1 023 K) plasticity is discussed, and the fracture mechanism is revealed. The relationship between strain rate sensitivity coefficient and stress index and plastic deformation is discussed. The constitutive equation of the alloy is established by Johnson-Cook model. Based on the dynamic material model, the energy dissipation model is established, and Prasad's instability criterion based on Ziegler's expected rheological theory is used to predict the unstable region in the processing map. Processing map in hot tensile is analyzed to provide theoretical basis for different processing technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]