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The efficient heat dissipation capacity of phase-change cooling offers a reliable solution for cooling high heat flux devices. Nevertheless, the evolution of phase-change fluid frequently encounters volatile states, resulting in considerable pressure fluctuations. This paper seeks to enhance the pipes active cooling efficiency of phase change by examining the weight ratios of pipe structural parameters on heat transfer, pressure drop, and comprehensive performance. Simulation model based on the Volume of Fluid (VOF) methodology was constructed to investigate the heat transfer and pressure reduction performance of the pipes. A comprehensive performance factor that considering both pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics was developed. The contributions of pipe structural parameters to the objective functions of pressure drop, heat transfer, and comprehensive performance are evaluated using a combination of orthogonal experiments and the Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR) function. The accuracy of the numerical model was validated using quartz lamp thermal experiments. The findings suggest that when formulating the objective function based on comprehensive performance, the principal influencing factor for micro-pipe is wall thickness, accounting for up to 42.7 %. Conversely, for mini-pipes, the primary influencing factor is coolant flow velocity, contributing 43 %. Due to the effects related to size, the factors influencing the overall performance of micro/mini-pipes differ. They are primarily influenced by alterations in vapor volume fraction generated by phase change inside the pipeline. This study proposes an evaluation method considering multiple factor levels, furnishing crucial technical support for phase-change heat transfer technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Rolandic epilepsy (RE) is among the most common focal epilepsies in childhood. For the majority of patients with RE and atypical RE (ARE), the etiology remains elusive. We thus screened patients with RE/ARE in order to detect disease-causing variants.. Methods: A trios-based whole-exome sequencing approach was performed in a cohort of 28 patients with RE/ARE. Clinical data and EEGs were reviewed. Variants were validated by Sanger sequencing. Results: Two compound heterozygous missense variants p.Val272Ile/p.Asn3028Ser and p.Ala3657Val/p.Met4419Val of ADGRV1 were identified in two unrelated familial cases of RE/ARE. All the variants were in the calcium exchanger β domain and were suggested to be damaging by at least one web-based prediction tool. These variants are not present or are present at a very low minor allele frequency in the gnomAD database. Previously, biallelic ADGRV1 variants (p.Gly2756Arg and p.Glu4410Lys) have been observed in RE, consistent with the observation in this study and supporting the association between ADGRV1 variants and RE. Additionally, a de novo mutation, p.Asp668Asn, in GRIN2B was identified in a sporadic case of ARE, and a missense variant, p.Asn1551Ser, in RyR2 was identified in a family with RE with incomplete penetrance. These genes are all calcium homeostasis associated genes, suggesting the potential effect of calcium homeostasis in RE/ARE. Conclusions: The results from the present study suggest that the genes ADGRV1, GRIN2B, and RyR2 are associated with RE/ARE. These data link defects in neuronal intracellular calcium homeostasis to RE/ARE pathogenesis implicating that these defects plays an important role in the development of these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]