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Background: Patients with symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO) face a high risk of recurrent stroke despite receiving aggressive medical therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of hybrid surgery in treating symptomatic chronic ICAO. Methods: This retrospective case series was conducted at a single center. From January 2019 to December 2022, patients with symptomatic chronic ICAO who underwent hybrid surgery were included. We collected baseline data, lesion characteristics, revascularization rates, perioperative complications, and follow-up outcomes. Results: The study enrolled 27 patients, comprising 22 males and 5 females, with symptomatic chronic ICAO. The hybrid surgery achieved a technical success rate of 100% for revascularization (n = 27), with a perioperative complication rate of 14.8% (n = 4). Following a median follow-up of 6.0 months (IQR, 4–10), 21 patients underwent a DSA or CT angiography reexamination, confirming a vascular patency rate of 90.5% (n = 19). One patient required surgery for severe in-stent restenosis, and another experienced asymptomatic occlusion. Clinical follow-ups were conducted for all 26 patients; no new strokes were reported in the qualifying artery territory, with 13 patients scoring 0, 12 scoring 1, and 1 scoring 2 on the mRS. Conclusion: Although hybrid surgery represent a promising option for treating chronic ICAO, they are also associated with a relatively high incidence of treatment-related complications. The application of composite surgery should be based on standardized technical guidelines and the careful selection of patients who are genuinely at high risk for recurrent strokes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant neoplasm characterized by a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic strategy. The PDAC tumor microenvironment presents a complex heterogeneity, where neutrophils emerge as the predominant constituents of the innate immune cell population. Leveraging the power of single-cell RNA-seq, spatial RNA-seq, and multi-omics approaches, we included both published datasets and our in-house patient cohorts, elucidating the inherent heterogeneity in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and revealed the correlation between NETs and immune suppression. Meanwhile, we constructed a multi-omics prognostic model that suggested the patients exhibiting downregulated expression of NETs may have an unfavorable outcome. We also confirmed TLR2 as a potent prognosis factor and patients with low TLR2 expression had more effective T cells and an overall survival extension for 6 months. Targeting TLR2 might be a promising strategy to reverse immunosuppression and control tumor progression for an improved prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serious solvation effect of zinc ions has been considered as the cause of the severe side reactions (hydrogen evolution, passivation, dendrites, and etc.) of aqueous zinc metal batteries. Even though the regulation of cationic solvation structure has been widely studied, effects of the anionic solvation structures on the zinc metal were rarely examined. Herein, co-reconstruction of anionic and cationic solvation structures was realized through constructing a new multi-component electrolyte (Zn(BF4)2-glycerol-boric acid-chitosan-polyacrylamide, simplified as ZGBCP), which incorporates double crosslinking network via the esterification, protonation and polymerization reactions, thereby combining multiple advantages of ‘liquid-like’ high conductivity, ‘gel-like’ robust interface, and ‘solid-like’ high Zn2+ transfer number. Based on the ZGBCP electrolyte, the Zn anodes achieve record-low polarization and stable cycling. Furthermore, the ZGBCP electrolyte renders the AZMBs ultrawide working temperature (−50 °C ~ +100 °C) and ultralong cycle life (30000 cycles), which further validates the feasibility of the dual solvation structure strategy and provides a innovative perspective for the development of high-performance AZMBs.Solvation effect of zinc ions has led to side reactions in aqueous zinc metal batteries. Here, the authors construct a multicomponent zinc gel polymer electrolyte and co-reconstruct the cationic/anionic solvation structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the state transitions and interactions of nonlinear waves in an extended integrable (3+1)-dimensional Ito equation are analyzed. Compared with the state transitions of nonlinear waves in low-dimensional models, such mechanisms in the high-dimensional cases have remained largely unexplored. Using the Hirota bilinear method and long wave limit method, breath wave solution and lump wave solution of the model are firstly obtained. Then the conversion condition is derived through characteristic line analysis. Under conversion condition, transformed nonlinear waves can be obtained including kink soliton, W-kink soliton, oscillatory W-kink soliton, quasi-periodic soliton and line rouge wave, which show the properties of local oscillation and evolutionary structures. In depth, the nonlinear superposition, which describes the interactions between the solitary and periodic wave components, is used to explain the local oscillation and classification of nonlinear waves. Different from the cases in (2+1) dimension, the waves in the high-dimensional case are more complicated. Moreover, phase shift analysis is performed to explain the evolutionary structures of nonlinear waves. The conversion of high-order breath wave solutions can also be obtained based on the above methods, and the interactions between nonlinear waves are investigated, which can be divided into completely elastic mode, semi-elastic mode, inelastic mode and degradation mode. Specifically, the degradation mode occurs when two waves propagate in opposite directions. Through these interactions, many fascinating solutions can be obtained, and they are shown in numerical simulations. Phase shift and amplitude change can always be observed in these cases. And the amplitude even disappears completely after collision, which have not be found in other research on converted wave. Besides, we first apply the conversion condition to lump wave and confirm the transition "lump wave → rouge wave". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Convolutional neural network (CNN) has been widely used in bearing fault diagnosis and many satisfying results have been reported. As a typical CNN network, the LeNet-5 was improved from three aspects to further enhance its diagnosis performance in this paper. Methods: Firstly, eight hyperparameters were optimized by particle swarm optimization within the predefined discrete parameter value sets. Secondly, envelope spectrum and feature vector were adopted as replacements for the original signal input. The feature vector consisted of 157 manually extracted features from time and frequency domains. Thirdly, support vector machine, decision tree and random forest were applied to replace the default fully connected layer. An overall evaluation method was also proposed in terms of classification accuracy, stability, robustness to noise and computing efficiency. Experiments: Based on the Case Western Reserve University bearing dataset, two experimental cases were designed from four different working loads. In case 1, the training and test datasets of each load were individually collected from the corresponding working load. Based on the overall evaluation method introduced, the optimal modification methods were identified in terms of hyperparameters, input type and fully connected layers. The contributions of modification to CNN in the performance improvement were quantitively discussed and compared. In case 2, the optimized CNN was trained with the dataset from one working load and tested with the other three different working loads, which resulted in a sharp reduction of accuracy. To address this problem, multi-convolutional layer, data augmentation and signal concatenation were proposed and adopted individually as well as collaboratively to improve the CNN's ability in the working condition adaptation. Conclusion: Experimental results confirmed that all the three approaches effectively enhanced the CNN's performance. The combination of two or three approaches has better performance than the individual one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As a phosphorylated protein, NOLC1 is mainly located in the nucleus and is highly expressed in a variety of tumors, participating in the regulation of cell proliferation and aging. This study further investigated the role of NOLC1 in colorectal cancer tumors, aiming to provide sufficient scientific evidence for the clinical treatment of colorectal cancer. Methods: We used TCGA, GEO, TNMplot, GEPIA, and other databases to explore the expression level of NOLC1 in colorectal cancer patients, as well as the correlation between the clinical characteristics of colorectal cancer patients and their expression, and conducted the prognostic analysis. Immunohistofluorescence (IHF) staining verified the analytical results. Subsequently, KEGG and GO enrichment analysis was used to identify the potential molecular mechanism of NOLC1 promoting the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. The influence of NOLC1 expression on the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer patients was further investigated using the TIMER database. GDSC database analysis was used to screen out possible anti-colorectal cancer drugs against NOLC1. Finally, we demonstrated the effect of NOLC1 on the activity and migration of colorectal cancer cells by Edu Cell proliferation assay and Wound Healing assay in vitro. Results: Our results suggest that NOLC1 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer, and that overexpression of NOLC1 is associated with relevant clinical features. NOLC1, as an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients, can lead to a poor prognosis of colorectal cancer. In addition, NOLC1 may be associated with MCM10, HELLS, NOC3L, and other genes through participating in Wnt signaling pathways and jointly regulate the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer under the influence of the tumor microenvironment and many other influencing factors. Related to NOLC1: Selumetinib, Imatinib, and targeted drugs such as Lapatinib have potential value in the clinical application of colorectal cancer. NOLC1 enhances the proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer cells. Conclusions: High expression of NOLC1 as an independent prognostic factor for survival in patients with colorectal cancer. NOLC1 enhances the proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer cells. Further studies and clinical trials are needed to confirm the role of NOLC1 in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problems of low carrying capacity, low allowable speed and inconvenient storage and transportation of existing railway emergency repair beam, a technical scheme for deployable emergency repair beam was proposed. By using ANSYS software and the multi-body dynamics software UM (Universal Mechanism), the finite element model of the emergency repair beam and vehicle model of the C70 (C70 Open Wagon) freight train and the CRH380A (China Railway Highspeed 380A) high-speed train were established. The static analysis, modal analysis and vehicle-bridge interaction analysis of the emergency repair beam were carried out. The results show that: Compared with the existing emergency repair beam, the deployable emergency repair beam has the advantages of convenient storage and transportation, and rapid assembly. The developable emergency repair beam perfectly solves the contradiction between storage and assembly speed. With the increase of span and the decrease of the number of stable main trusses, the indicators of stress, mid-span displacement and acceleration of the key parts of the deployable emergency repair beam tend to be unfavourable. The combination of different main truss can realize the emergency repair beam with different span and width, and the mechanical properties of the emergency repair beam with different span and width are also different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption efficiency and mechanism of Cu2+ were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed in solution by biochar pyrolyzed at 500 ℃ (CSB500 vs. CMB500) using different agricultural wastes (corn straw vs. cow manure). The adsorption kinetic, isotherm fittings and pH effect were investigated and surface characterization was carried out before and after Cu2+ adsorption. The Langmuir isotherm was the best fit for both biochars and CMB500 had a higher maximum Cu2+ adsorption capacity (78.63 mg g–1) than CSB500 (73.77 mg g–1). The adsorption capacity reached the largest at pH 6.0 with 21.24 mg g–1 for CSB500 and 24.28 mg g–1 for CMB500. The adsorption mechanisms for Cu2+ adsorption were different for the two biochars. Specifically, cation exchange and mineral precipitation contributed 43.5% and 33.2% for Cu2+ adsorption by CSB500 respectively. The most important mechanism for CMB500 is mineral precipitation and the contribution is 60.7%, probably due to the high mineral components of CMB500 which are easily precipitated with Cu2+. The correlation analysis illustrated that total Cu2+ removal capacity is highly positively correlated with mineral precipitation, pH, ash content, specific surface area and total P of biochar. The results benefit for selection of highly efficient biochar materials based on their physicochemical properties for better Cu2+ removal from wastewaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is a major cause of ischemic stroke worldwide. In patients undergoing endovascular treatment for ICAS, in-stent restenosis (ISR) is associated with ischemic stroke recurrence.Intracranial drug-eluting self-expanding stent systems (COMETIU; Sinomed Neurovita Technology Inc., CHN) are new devices for treating ICAS. This study evaluated the perioperative experience and medium-term outcomes of COMETIU in 16 patients.We prospectively analyzed 16 patients with ICAS (≥ 70% stenosis) who underwent intravascular therapy between September 4, 2022, and February 1, 2023. The primary outcome was the incidence of ISR at 6 months postoperatively. The secondary efficacy outcomes were device and technical success rates. The secondary safety outcomes included stroke or death within 30 days after the procedure and the cumulative annual rate of recurrent ischemic stroke in the target-vessel territory from 31 days to 6 months and 1 year.A total of 16 patients with 16 intracranial atherosclerotic lesions were treated with 16 COMETIUs. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia with 100% device and technical success rates, with no cases of periprocedural stroke or death. The mean radiographic follow-up duration was at least 6 months postoperatively, and all patients presented for radiographic and clinical follow-up. There were no reported ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes. Angiographic follow-up for all patients revealed no cases of ISR.COMETIU is safe and effective for treating ICAS, with minimal risk during the procedure and a low rate of ISR during medium-term follow-up.Objective: Symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is a major cause of ischemic stroke worldwide. In patients undergoing endovascular treatment for ICAS, in-stent restenosis (ISR) is associated with ischemic stroke recurrence.Intracranial drug-eluting self-expanding stent systems (COMETIU; Sinomed Neurovita Technology Inc., CHN) are new devices for treating ICAS. This study evaluated the perioperative experience and medium-term outcomes of COMETIU in 16 patients.We prospectively analyzed 16 patients with ICAS (≥ 70% stenosis) who underwent intravascular therapy between September 4, 2022, and February 1, 2023. The primary outcome was the incidence of ISR at 6 months postoperatively. The secondary efficacy outcomes were device and technical success rates. The secondary safety outcomes included stroke or death within 30 days after the procedure and the cumulative annual rate of recurrent ischemic stroke in the target-vessel territory from 31 days to 6 months and 1 year.A total of 16 patients with 16 intracranial atherosclerotic lesions were treated with 16 COMETIUs. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia with 100% device and technical success rates, with no cases of periprocedural stroke or death. The mean radiographic follow-up duration was at least 6 months postoperatively, and all patients presented for radiographic and clinical follow-up. There were no reported ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes. Angiographic follow-up for all patients revealed no cases of ISR.COMETIU is safe and effective for treating ICAS, with minimal risk during the procedure and a low rate of ISR during medium-term follow-up.Methods: Symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is a major cause of ischemic stroke worldwide. In patients undergoing endovascular treatment for ICAS, in-stent restenosis (ISR) is associated with ischemic stroke recurrence.Intracranial drug-eluting self-expanding stent systems (COMETIU; Sinomed Neurovita Technology Inc., CHN) are new devices for treating ICAS. This study evaluated the perioperative experience and medium-term outcomes of COMETIU in 16 patients.We prospectively analyzed 16 patients with ICAS (≥ 70% stenosis) who underwent intravascular therapy between September 4, 2022, and February 1, 2023. The primary outcome was the incidence of ISR at 6 months postoperatively. The secondary efficacy outcomes were device and technical success rates. The secondary safety outcomes included stroke or death within 30 days after the procedure and the cumulative annual rate of recurrent ischemic stroke in the target-vessel territory from 31 days to 6 months and 1 year.A total of 16 patients with 16 intracranial atherosclerotic lesions were treated with 16 COMETIUs. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia with 100% device and technical success rates, with no cases of periprocedural stroke or death. The mean radiographic follow-up duration was at least 6 months postoperatively, and all patients presented for radiographic and clinical follow-up. There were no reported ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes. Angiographic follow-up for all patients revealed no cases of ISR.COMETIU is safe and effective for treating ICAS, with minimal risk during the procedure and a low rate of ISR during medium-term follow-up.Results: Symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is a major cause of ischemic stroke worldwide. In patients undergoing endovascular treatment for ICAS, in-stent restenosis (ISR) is associated with ischemic stroke recurrence.Intracranial drug-eluting self-expanding stent systems (COMETIU; Sinomed Neurovita Technology Inc., CHN) are new devices for treating ICAS. This study evaluated the perioperative experience and medium-term outcomes of COMETIU in 16 patients.We prospectively analyzed 16 patients with ICAS (≥ 70% stenosis) who underwent intravascular therapy between September 4, 2022, and February 1, 2023. The primary outcome was the incidence of ISR at 6 months postoperatively. The secondary efficacy outcomes were device and technical success rates. The secondary safety outcomes included stroke or death within 30 days after the procedure and the cumulative annual rate of recurrent ischemic stroke in the target-vessel territory from 31 days to 6 months and 1 year.A total of 16 patients with 16 intracranial atherosclerotic lesions were treated with 16 COMETIUs. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia with 100% device and technical success rates, with no cases of periprocedural stroke or death. The mean radiographic follow-up duration was at least 6 months postoperatively, and all patients presented for radiographic and clinical follow-up. There were no reported ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes. Angiographic follow-up for all patients revealed no cases of ISR.COMETIU is safe and effective for treating ICAS, with minimal risk during the procedure and a low rate of ISR during medium-term follow-up.Conclusion: Symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is a major cause of ischemic stroke worldwide. In patients undergoing endovascular treatment for ICAS, in-stent restenosis (ISR) is associated with ischemic stroke recurrence.Intracranial drug-eluting self-expanding stent systems (COMETIU; Sinomed Neurovita Technology Inc., CHN) are new devices for treating ICAS. This study evaluated the perioperative experience and medium-term outcomes of COMETIU in 16 patients.We prospectively analyzed 16 patients with ICAS (≥ 70% stenosis) who underwent intravascular therapy between September 4, 2022, and February 1, 2023. The primary outcome was the incidence of ISR at 6 months postoperatively. The secondary efficacy outcomes were device and technical success rates. The secondary safety outcomes included stroke or death within 30 days after the procedure and the cumulative annual rate of recurrent ischemic stroke in the target-vessel territory from 31 days to 6 months and 1 year.A total of 16 patients with 16 intracranial atherosclerotic lesions were treated with 16 COMETIUs. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia with 100% device and technical success rates, with no cases of periprocedural stroke or death. The mean radiographic follow-up duration was at least 6 months postoperatively, and all patients presented for radiographic and clinical follow-up. There were no reported ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes. Angiographic follow-up for all patients revealed no cases of ISR.COMETIU is safe and effective for treating ICAS, with minimal risk during the procedure and a low rate of ISR during medium-term follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrate reduction by zero-valent iron-based materials has been extensively studied. However, the aggregation of nanoparticles and the preference for unfavored ammonia products limit the application of this technology. To overcome this issue, this study introduced a novel synthesized nanoscale palladized zero-valent iron graphene composite (nZVI-Pd/NG) and explored its nitrate reduction efficiency. A nitrate removal rate of 97.0% was achieved after 120 min of reaction for an initial nitrate concentration of 100 mg N/L. The nitrogen gas selectivity was enhanced from 0.4% to 15.6% at the end point compared to nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles under the same conditions. Further analyses revealed that zero-valent metal nanoparticles spread uniformly on the graphene surface, with a thin layer of iron (hydr)oxides dominated by magnetite. The nZVI-Pd/NG exhibited good catalytic activity with the associated activation energy of 17.6 kJ/mol being significantly lower than that with nZVI (42.8 kJ/mol). The acidic condition promoted a higher nZVI utilization rate, with the excess dosage of nZVI-Pd/NG ensuring a high nitrate removal rate for a wide pH range. This study demonstrates an improvement in nitrate reduction efficiency in a nZVI system by combining the exceptional properties of graphene and palladium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]