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Objective: To investigate the significance of endoscopic grading (Hill's classification) of gastroesophageal flap valve (GEFV) in the examination of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods: One hundred and sixty-two patients undergoing gastroscopy in the Department of Gastroenterology, Xingyi People's Hospital between Apr. 2022 and Sept. 2022 were selected by convenient sampling, and data such as GEFV grade, and findings of esophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM) and esophageal 24-h pH/impedance reflux monitoring, and Los Angeles (LA) classification of reflux esophagitis (RE) were collected and compared. Results: Statistically significant differences in age (F = 9.711, P < 0.001) and hiatal hernia (χ = 35.729, P < 0.001) were observed in patients with different GEFV grades. The resting LES pressures were 12.12 ± 2.79, 10.73 ± 2.68, 9.70 ± 2.29, and 8.20 ± 2.77 mmHg (F = 4.571, P < 0.001) and LES lengths were 3.30 ± 0.70, 3.16 ± 0.68, 2.35 ± 0.83, and 2.45 ± 0.62 (F = 3.789, P = 0.011), respectively, in patients with GEFV grades I–IV. DeMeester score (Z = 5.452, P < 0.001), AET4 (Z = 5.614, P < 0.001), acid reflux score (upright) (Z = 7.452, P < 0.001), weak acid reflux score (upright) (Z = 3.121, P = 0.038), liquid reflux score (upright) (Z = 3.321, P = 0.031), acid reflux score (supine) (Z = 6.462, P < 0.001), mixed reflux score (supine) (Z = 3.324, P = 0.031), gas reflux score (supine) (Z = 3.521, P = 0.024) were different in patients with different GEFV grades, with statistically significant differences. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between RE grade and LA classification of GERD (r = 0.662, P < 0.001), and the severity of RE increased gradually with the increase of the Hill grades of GEFV. Conclusion: The Hill grade of GEFV is related to age, hiatal hernia, LES pressure, and the consequent development and severity of acid reflux and RE. Evaluation of esophageal motility and reflux based on the Hill grade of GEFV is of significance for the diagnosis and treatment of GERD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a rare childhood manifested disease associated with impaired bile secretion with severe pruritus yellow stool, and sometimes hepatosplenomegaly. PFIC is caused by mutations in ATP8B1, ABCB11, ABCB4, TJP2, NR1H4, SLC51A, USP53, KIF12, ZFYVE19, and MYO5B genes depending on its type. ABCB11 mutations lead to PFIC2 that encodes the bile salt export pump (BSEP). Different mutations of ABCB11 have been reported in different population groups but no data available in Pakistani population being a consanguineous one. We sequenced coding exons of the ABCB11 gene along with its flanking regions in 66 unrelated Pakistani children along with parents with PFIC2 phenotype. We identified 20 variations of ABCB11: 12 in homozygous form, one compound heterozygous, and seven heterozygous. These variants include 11 missenses, two frameshifts, two nonsense mutations, and five splicing variants. Seven variants are novel candidate variants and are not detected in any of the 120 chromosomes from normal ethnically matched individuals. Insilico analysis revealed that four homozygous missense variations have high pathogenic scores. Minigene analysis of splicing variants showed exon skipping and the addition of exon. This data is a useful addition to the disease variants genomic database and would be used in the future to build a diagnostic algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-functional hydrogels possess significant potential for use in clinical medical treatments. In this study, we synthesized a polysaccharide hydrogel containing carbon dots (CDs) for the purpose of creating antibacterial dressing candidates. Initially, antibacterial carbon dots (CDBAC) were derived from the calcination of benzalkonium chloride (BAC). CDBAC exhibits rapid interaction with bacterial cell membranes via electrostatic forces, while generating a high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that ultimately lead to membrane disruption. Furthermore, CDBAC has been shown to impede the respiratory function of bacterial mitochondria. Through a combination of various antibacterial mechanisms, CDBAC demonstrates potent bactericidal properties and effectively prevents the development of drug resistance in S. aureus and E. coli. Subsequently, a novel antibacterial hydrogel dressing incorporating CDBAC (referred to as CDBAC-hydrogel) has been synthesized as a potential treatment for wound healing. The gelation process of this hydrogel is attributed to the formation of Schiff-base bonds between the amidogen group of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and the formyl group of oxidized dextran (ODex). The prepared CDBAC-hydrogel demonstrated shear-thinning, self-healing, and injectable properties, as well as the ability to sustainably release CDBAC in a mildly acidic bacterial environment, exhibit potent antibacterial activity, and display excellent biocompatibility. This research offers a novel option for antibacterial dressings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

H. pylori infection is gaining increasing attention, but detailed investigations into its impact on gastric microbiota remain limited. We collected gastric mucosa samples from 47 individuals divided into three groups: 1. Group HP: patients with initial positive H. pylori infection (25 cases); 2. Group ck: H. pylori-negative patients (14 cases); 3. Group DiffHP: patients with refractory H. pylori infection (8 cases). The samples were analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing and functional prediction with PICRUSt. Group HP showed differences in flora distribution and function compared to Group ck, while Group DiffHP overlapped with Group HP. The abundances of Aeromonas piscicola, Shewanella algae, Vibrio plantisponsor, Aeromonas caviae, Serratia marcescens, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Microbacterium lacticum, and Prevotella nigrescens were significantly reduced in both Group DiffHP and Group HP compared to Group ck. Vibrio shilonii was reduced only in Group DiffHP compared to Group ck, while Clostridium perfringens and Paracoccus marinus were increased only in Group DiffHP. LEfSe analysis revealed that Clostridium perfringens and Paracoccus marinus were enriched, whereas Vibrio shilonii was reduced in Group DiffHP compared to Group ck at the species level. In individuals with refractory H. pylori infection, the gastric microbiota exhibited enrichment in various human diseases, organic systems, and metabolic pathways (amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, transcription, replication and repair, cell cycle pathways, and apoptosis). Patients with multiple failed H. pylori eradication exhibited significant changes in the gastric microbiota. An increase in Clostridium perfringens and Paracoccus marinus and a decrease in Vibrio shilonii appears to be characteristic of refractory H. pylori infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fuzzy rule generation method which applies Dempster–Shafer theory (DST) to fuzzy inference systems is proposed. The sample data located in the same fuzzy input subspace are regarded as evidences, and all candidate rule consequents constitute the frame of discernment. Dempster's combination rule is employed to fuse evidences to determine the rule consequent, which solves the problem of conflicting rules simultaneously. In addition, a BPA-based approach to optimize constant rule consequent is proposed. Experimental results illustrate that both the proposed rule extraction method and the optimization method for rule consequent have better performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Gamma-ray Transient Monitor (GTM) is an all-sky monitor onboard the Distant Retrograde Orbit-A (DRO-A) satellite with the scientific objective of detecting gamma-ray transients ranging from 20 keV to 1 MeV. The GTM was equipped with five Gamma-ray Transient Probe (GTP) detector modules utilizing a NaI(Tl) scintillator coupled with a SiPM array. To reduce the SiPM noise, GTP uses a dedicated dual-channel coincident readout design. In this work, we first studied the impact of different coincidence times on the detection efficiency and ultimately selected a 0.5 µs time coincidence window for offline data processing. To test the performance of the GTPs and validate the Monte-Carlo-simulated energy response, we conducted comprehensive ground calibration tests using the Hard X-ray Calibration Facility (HXCF) and radioactive sources, including the energy response, detection efficiency, spatial response, bias-voltage response, and temperature dependence. We extensively present the ground calibration results and validate the design and mass model of the GTP detector, thus providing the foundation for in-flight observations and scientific data analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The friction and initial setting position of preform have an important influence on the metal flow and cavity filling during die forging process of large-scale component, especially for closed-die forging with flash of large-scale titanium alloy strut. This paper studies the influence of processing parameters on the die forging process of large-scale strut by targeting the filling difference (f) between right and left cavities, and some relational models such as relationship between friction and preform position were established. The results indicated that the friction amplitude (m) and initial setting position (x) of preform have notable influence on the filling states of right and left cavities, but the loading speed (v) of upper die and initial temperature ( T d ) of dies have little influence on the filling state; with the initial position of preform moving to right cavity (head of strut), the fluence of m on f reduces, but the fluence of x increases; the established relationship between m and x can obtain the feasible region with an optimal point for initial setting position of preform, and the feasible region with a linear range for the initial setting position of preform can be obtained by considering the expected accuracy of filling difference f, and then the feasible region with an areal range for the initial setting position of preform can be obtained by considering the fluctuation of frictional condition in further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this paper is to introduce innovative orthogonal power function series aimed at obtaining accurate nonlinear analytical solutions for axisymmetric circular thin plates. The main features of this paper are as follows: The deflection is expanded by the innovative orthogonal power function series. The Airy stress function, which satisfies the geometric deformation compatibility equation, responds to the nonlinear coupling relationships between the plate deflection and the in-plane force or displacement boundary conditions. The nonlinear algebraic equations are obtained by the energy variational method. Many comparisons are made with the results of related researchers. The present accurate solutions not only allow the problems to be solved perfectly and provide the most reliable basis for engineering design but also set new benchmarks for the verification of various nonlinear numerical and approximate analytical solutions. The developed methodology represents a significant improvement, providing better accuracy and computational efficiency compared to historical approaches. Therefore, the present method is more worthy of promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volcanic oil and gas resources are abundant and have been one of the principal focuses of research in the oil and gas industry for a long time. Due to the complexity of the volcanogenesis and the non-homogeneity of the reservoir, the construction of a reasonable volcanic rock petrophysical model to guide the reservoir prediction is the key to success or failure. Unlike conventional sedimentary reservoirs, volcanic rock skeletons have diverse mineralogical compositions and pore structures, making the construction of equivalent petrophysical models highly complicated. This paper proposes a method to construct equivalent petrophysical models of complicated volcanic rocks with multiple mineral components and pore structures utilizing conventional logging curves. In the middle basal volcanic rock development area of the Songnan Fault, the errors in mineral content calculation and transverse wave estimation are less than 10% when comparing the results of elemental capture spectroscopy (ECS) logging and core test analysis; meanwhile, it directs the volcanic rock phase-controlled pre-stack inversion work and upgrades the accuracy of volcanic rock well seismic multi-scale reservoir prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pill (QSYQ) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: This multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted at 40 centers in China. Patients with ACS after PCI entered either the QSYQ or Western medicine (WM) groups naturally based on whether they had received QSYQ before enrollment. QSYQ group received QSYQ (0.52 g, 3 times a day for 12 months) in addition to WM. The primary endpoint included cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and urgent revascularization. The secondary endpoint included rehospitalization due to ACS, heart failure, stroke, and other thrombotic events. Quality of life was assessed by the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ). Results: A total of 936 patients completed follow-up of the primary endpoint from February 2012 to December 2018. Overall, 487 patients received QSYQ and WM. During a median follow-up of 566 days (inter quartile range, IQR, 517–602), the primary endpoint occurred in 46 (9.45%) and 65 (14.48%) patients in QSYQ and WM groups respectively [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41–0.90; P=0.013]. The secondary endpoint occurred in 61 (12.53%) and 74 (16.48%) patients in QSYQ and WM groups, respectively (adjusted HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.53–1.09; P=0.136). In sensitivity analysis, the results still demonstrated that WM combined with QSYQ reduced the risk of the primary endpoint (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.46–0.98; P=0.039). Moreover, QSYQ improved the disease perception domain of the SAQ (P<0.05). Conclusion: In patients with ACS after PCI, QSYQ combined with WM reduced the incidence of the primary endpoint. These findings provide a promising option for managing ACS after PCI and suggest the potential treatment for reducing the risk of primary endpoint included cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and urgent revascularization through intermittent administration of QSYQ (Registration No. ChiCTR-OOC-14005552) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main conclusion: The anatomical structures of Carex moorcroftii roots showing stronger plasticity during drought had a lower coefficient of variation in cell size in the same habitats, while those showing weaker plasticity had a higher coefficient of variation. The complementary relationship between these factors comprises the adaptation mechanism of the C. moorcroftii root to drought. To explore the effects of habitat drought on root anatomy of hygrophytic plants, this study focused on roots of C. moorcroftii. Five sample plots were set up along a soil moisture gradient in the Western Sichuan Plateau to collect experimental materials. Paraffin sectioning was used to obtain root anatomy, and one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, linear regression analysis, and RDA ranking were applied to analyze the relationship between root anatomy and soil water content. The results showed that the root transverse section area, thickness of epidermal cells, exodermis and Casparian strips, and area of aerenchyma were significantly and positively correlated with soil moisture content (P < 0.01). The diameter of the vascular cylinder and the number and total area of vessels were significantly and negatively correlated with the soil moisture content (P < 0.01). The plasticity of the anatomical structures was strong for the diameter and area of the vascular cylinder and thickness of the Casparian strip and epidermis, while it was weak for vessel diameter and area. In addition, there was an asymmetrical relationship between the functional adaptation of root anatomical structure in different soil moisture and the variation degree of root anatomical structure in the same soil moisture. Therefore, the roots of C. moorcroftii can shorten the water transport distance from the epidermis to the vascular cylinder, increase the area of the vascular cylinder and the number of vessels, and establish a complementary relationship between the functional adaptation of root anatomical structure in different habitats and the variation degree of root anatomical structure in the same habitat to adapt to habitat drought. This study provides a scientific basis for understanding the response of plateau wetland plants to habitat changes and their ecological adaptation strategies. More scientific experimental methods should be adopted to further study the mutual coordination mechanisms of different anatomical structures during root adaptation to habitat drought for hygrophytic plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The approval of selumetinib in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1) and inoperable plexiform neurofibromas (PN) has reshaped the landscape of clinical management of the disease, and further comprehensive evaluation of the drug's efficacy and safety is needed. Methods: Original articles reporting on the efficacy and safety of elumetinib in patients with NF1 were comprehensively searched in the Pubmed database, Embase database, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science database and screened for inclusion of studies that met the criteria. We pooled the objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), disease progression rate (DPR), and the rate of improvement in PN-related complications using meta-analysis. The incidence of drug-related adverse events was also statistically analyzed. Results: This study included 10 clinical trials involving 268 patients. The pooled ORR was 68.0% (95% CI 58.0–77.3%), the DCR was 96.8% (95% CI 90.8–99.7%) and the DPR was only 1.4% (95% CI 0–4.3%). The pooled improvement rate was 75.3% (95% CI 56.2–90.9%) for pain and 77.8% (95% CI 63.1–92.5%) for motor disorders. Most adverse events were mild, with the most common being gastrointestinal reactions (diarrhea: 62.5%; vomiting: 54.5%). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that selumetinib is effective in patients with NF1 and PN, significantly improving the serious complications associated with PN as well as having tolerable toxicities. Our findings help to increase clinicians' confidence in applying selumetinib and promote the clinical adoption and benefit of the new drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.9 calls for a substantial reduction in deaths attributable to PM2.5 pollution (DAPP). However, DAPP projections vary greatly and the likelihood of meeting SDG3.9 depends on complex interactions among environmental, socio-economic, and healthcare parameters. We project potential future trends in global DAPP considering the joint effects of each driver (PM2.5 concentration, death rate of diseases, population size, and age structure) and assess the likelihood of achieving SDG3.9 under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) as quantified by the Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) framework with simulated PM2.5 concentrations from 11 models. We find that a substantial reduction in DAPP would not be achieved under all but the most optimistic scenario settings. Even the development aligned with the Sustainability scenario (SSP1-2.6), in which DAPP was reduced by 19%, still falls just short of achieving a substantial (≥20%) reduction by 2030. Meeting SDG3.9 calls for additional efforts in air pollution control and healthcare to more aggressively reduce DAPP. Reducing PM2.5 air pollution from biomass burning, transport, energy, and manufacturing, in combination with improvements in healthcare, especially in emerging economies like India and China, will be crucial to meeting SDG3.9 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seismic inversion is the primary way to obtain subsurface models, lithologic and stratigraphic information. However, seismic elastic parameters inversion and 'discrete lithofacies' identification for complex volcanic reservoirs are usually independent during the whole inversion process. Also, the influence of reservoir lithology on elastic parameters is not always considered directly before lithofacies prediction. This paper proposes a probabilistic pre-stack seismic inversion method for lithofacies and elastic parameters of volcanic reservoirs. Under the framework of Bayesian inversion, considering that the prior probability distribution of elastic parameters of volcanic reservoirs is affected by volcanic lithofacies, a posteriori probability distribution characterized by a mixed probability model is first derived. Then, a single-point-direct sequential simulation stochastic algorithm with simultaneous optimization of multiple solutions is used to simulate the posterior probability distribution of elastic parameters and lithofacies of volcanic reservoirs, which improves the resolution of lithofacies prediction results of volcanic reservoirs. The feasibility and stability of our method are ensured through synthetic and field applications. The prediction results highly agree with logging curves and lithology logging interpretation data. We have improved the resolution of volcanic rock reservoir lithofacies prediction results. In one-dimensional tests, we achieved the prediction of lithofacies and elastic parameters for three types of volcanic lithofacies. The error compared to prior information is no higher than 15%, thereby verifying the method's good noise resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High quality is an important goal of wheat breeding. Several superstrong gluten wheat varieties, e.g. 'Xinmai 26' and 'Xinmai 45', have been bred to meet the needs of the consumer market. However, the genetic composition, transmission frequency, and genetic contribution of these varieties and their progeny are not clear. To analyse the genetic composition of the high-quality strong gluten wheat varieties 'Xinmai 26' and 'Xinmai 45', the genetic contribution rates of parents to the varieties were determined using 6056 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers detected by a widely used high-throughput wheat array (15 K chip). Additionally, the chromosome polymorphisms of five related wheat varieties were determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using four oligonucleotide probe sets. The results showed that the genetic contribution rate of 'Jinan 17' to 'Xinmai 26' was 55.97%, much higher than that (15.81%) of 'Xinmai 18'. 'Jimai 20' showed a genetic contribution rate of 57.53% to 'Xinmai 45', slightly higher than that of 'Xinmai 26' (40.21%). The specific fragment differences between male and female parents were identified in both breeding varieties, and 'Xinmai 26' had more specific fragments that differed from those of the male and female parents than 'Xinmai 45'. The chromosomes of group A and group B of the five varieties were significantly polymorphic, but no chromosomal translocations or inversions were found. These promising results will allow exploration of the genetic pattern of high-quality varieties, promote breeding efficiency, and facilitate the utilisation of the superior traits of backbone parents for wheat quality improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Higgs boson decay to a massive bottom quark pair provides the dominant contribution to the Higgs boson width. We present an exact result for such a decay induced by the bottom quark Yukawa coupling with next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD corrections. We have adopted the canonical differential equations in the calculation and obtained the result in terms of multiple polylogarithms. We also compute the contribution from the decay to four bottom quarks which consists of complete elliptic integrals or their one-fold integrals. The result in the small bottom quark mass limit coincides with the previous calculation using the large momentum expansion. The threshold expansion exhibits power divergent terms in the bottom quark velocity, which has a structure different from that in but can be reproduced by computing the corresponding Coulomb Green function. The NNLO corrections significantly reduce the uncertainties from both the renormalization scale and the renormalization scheme of the bottom quark Yukawa coupling. Our result can be applied to a heavy scalar decay to a top quark pair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the prevalence, types, and risk factors of functional gastrointestinal diseases (FGIDs) in Hainan Province, China, in order to provide insights for future prevention and treatment strategies. A questionnaire survey was conducted from July 2022 to May 2023, using stratified sampling to sample local residents in five cities (20 townships) in Hainan Province. Out of 2057 local residents surveyed, 659 individuals (32.0%) reported experiencing at least one FGID. The most prevalent FGIDs were functional dyspepsia (FD) (10.7%), functional constipation (FC) (9.3%), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (6.8%), functional bloating (2.2%), belching disorder (2.2%), functional diarrhea (FDr) (1.5%), functional heartburn (1.5%), and fecal incontinence (0.98%). The study revealed significant associations between FGIDs and factors such as age, sleep quality, anxiety, smoking, alcohol consumption, and the consumption of pickled food (P < 0.05). Older age, poor sleep quality, anxiety, and the consumption of pickled food were identified as independent risk factors for the prevalence of FGIDs (P < 0.05). In Hainan Province, the overall prevalence of FGIDs was found to be 32.0%, with higher prevalences of FC and FD. Older age, poor sleep quality, anxiety, and the consumption of pickled food were identified as risk factors for FGIDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synovium is an important component of any synovial joint and is the major target tissue of inflammatory arthritis. However, the multi-omics landscape of synovium required for functional inference is absent from large-scale resources. Here we integrate genomics with transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility features of human synovium in up to 245 arthritic patients, to characterize the landscape of genetic regulation on gene expression and the regulatory mechanisms mediating arthritic diseases predisposition. We identify 4765 independent primary and 616 secondary cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTLs) in the synovium and find that the eQTLs with multiple independent signals have stronger effects and heritability than single independent eQTLs. Integration of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and eQTLs identifies 84 arthritis related genes, revealing 38 novel genes which have not been reported by previous studies using eQTL data from the GTEx project or immune cells. We further develop a method called eQTac to identify variants that could affect gene expression by affecting chromatin accessibility and identify 1517 regions with potential regulatory function of chromatin accessibility. Altogether, our study provides a comprehensive synovium multi-omics resource for arthritic diseases and gains new insights into the regulation of gene expression. Hundreds of arthritis-associated genetic variants have been identified but in most cases their functions remain unknown. Here the authors develop a resource to reveal the effects of variants on gene expression in human synovium, and identify arthritis-related genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate the association between cerebral circulation time (CCT) on digital subtraction angiography immediately after thrombectomy and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: Retrospectively enrolled consecutive AIS patients presented with large vessel occlusion who received thrombectomy and achieved successful recanalization between January 2019 and June 2021. The time interval from the beginning of the siphon segment of internal carotid artery visualization until the end of the arterial phase during cerebral angiography was calculated as CCT. The independent association of CCT with HT was evaluated using logistic regression analyses. The receiver operating characteristic curve was analyzed to evaluate the association between CCT and HT. Results: Two hundred and twenty-four patients were included, of whom 86 (38.4%) suffered HT. Compared with patients without HT, patients with HT were of advanced age, less commonly male, had more diabetes mellitus, had higher baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, lower Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomographic Score, and shorter CCT (P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression suggested that CCT was independently associated with HT (adjusted odds ratio, 0.170; 95% confidence interval, 0.004–0.450; P < 0.001). According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, the optimal cut-off value for the strong correlation between CCT and HT was 1.72 s, which had 76.6% sensitivity, 81.6% specificity, and the area under the curve was 0.846. Conclusion: Shorter post-thrombectomy CCT was independently associated with HT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aberrant DNA methylation is one of the major epigenetic alterations in neuroblastoma. Objective: Exploring the prognostic significance of methylation driver genes in neuroblastoma could help to comprehensively assess patient prognosis. Methods: After identifying methylation driver genes (MDGs), we used the LASSO algorithm and stepwise Cox regression to construct methylation driver gene-related risk score (MDGRS), and evaluated its predictive performance by multiple methods. By combining risk grouping and MDGRS grouping, we developed a new prognostic stratification strategy and explored the intrinsic differences between the different groupings. Results: We identified 44 stably expressed MDGs in neuroblastoma. MDGRS showed superior predictive performance in both internal and external cohorts and was strongly correlated with immune-related scores. MDGRS can be an independent prognostic factor for neuroblastoma, and we constructed the nomogram to facilitate clinical application. Based on the new prognostic stratification strategy, we divided the patients into three groups and found significant differences in overall prognosis, clinical characteristics, and immune infiltration between the different subgroups. Conclusion: MDGRS was an accurate and promising tool to facilitate comprehensive pre-treatment assessment. And the new prognostic stratification strategy could be helpful for clinical decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spline connection is a key component for force- and torque-transmission, which is widely used in mechanical engineering. External splines in spline connection have been manufactured by rolling process, but the matched inner splines manufactured by plastic deformation are few. Especially, the long inner spline is usually manufactured by cutting process. The rolling process is a plastic forming process with local loading and force saving; so, this study investigated the rolling process and its implementing way for inner spline sleeve. A radial-feed rolling process and two through-feed rolling processes with different structure of entry-angle section were proposed, and the finite element (FE) models were established for different rolling process, respectively. For the FE model of the through-feed rolling process, a multiple meshing strategy is used such as the local refinement window moving along axial direction with rolling die and the total number of mesh increasing by stages. The results indicated that the contact area is the same along axial direction and increases in situ during radial-feed rolling process, but the contact area changes and moves along axial direction during through-feed rolling process; the full and clear shape of inner spline can be obtained by the three rolling processes, but the shapes near the end of expected zone with inner spline are different for the different processes, and the geometry near the end of billet and the rolling process have the influence on the shapes near the end; some metal is accumulated in front of the through-feed rolling die, so non-full teeth present in the entered end by the rolling die and full teeth in the exited end will be out of the expected zone with inner spline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the long-term clinical and oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) and laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) > 4 cm. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients who underwent LPN or LRN in our department from January 2012 to December 2017. Of the 151 patients who met the study selection criteria, 54 received LPN, and 97 received LRN. After propensity-score matching, 51 matched pairs were further analyzed. Data on patients' surgical data, complications, histologic data, renal function, and survival outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results: Compared with the LRN group, the LPN group had a longer operative time (135 min vs. 102.5 min, p = 0.001), larger intraoperative bleeding (150 ml vs. 50 ml, p < 0.001), and required longer stays in hospital (8 days vs. 6 days, p < 0.001); however, the level of ECT-GFR was superior at 3, 6, and 12 months (all p < 0.001). Similarly, a greater number of LRN patients developed CKD compared with LPN until postoperative 12 months (58.8% vs. 19.6%, p < 0.001). In patients with preoperative CKD, LPN may delay the progression of the CKD stage and even improve it when compared to LRN treatment. There were no significant differences between the two groups for OS, CSS, MFS, and PFS (p = 0.06, p = 0.30, p = 0.90, p = 0.31, respectively). The surgical method may not be a risk factor for long-term survival prognosis. Conclusion: LPN preserves renal function better than LRN and has the potential value of significantly reducing the risk of postoperative CKD, but the long-term survival prognosis of patients is comparable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statically indeterminate symmetric (SIS) flexure structures are symmetric structures with "clamped-clamped" boundary conditions. The static indeterminacy and topological symmetry significantly attenuate the parasitic motions associated with statically determinate flexure structures. Hence, SIS flexure structures feature decoupled linear and angular motions, improved motion accuracy, high stiffness, and high stability. Although SIS flexure structures have been more frequently utilized as prismatic joints, they can also be utilized as revolute joints. This study systematically investigates the characteristics of SIS flexure structures. Based on the unified compliance models of a single flexure hinge, analytical compliance models of two fundamental types of SIS flexure structures are established. In 1-degree-of-freedom or planar applications, multiple SIS-based structures can also be integrated into various configurations to transmit linear or angular motions. Corresponding stiffness models are also established. The characteristics and possible applications of the SIS flexure structures are computationally investigated through case studies. Ultimately, several SIS prototypes are manufactured, and the modeling accuracy of the established stiffness models is experimentally verified. Highlights: SIS flexure structures can reduce parasitic motions and improve motion accuracy. Compliance model of two SIS flexure structure are proposed. Characteristics of SIS flexure structures and potential applications are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this report, the development of a Dynamical Statistical Analog Ensemble Forecast model for landfalling typhoon disasters (LTDs) and some applications over coastal China are described. This model consists of the following four elements: (i) obtaining the forecast track of a target landfalling typhoon, (ii) constructing its generalized initial value (GIV), (iii) identifying its analogs based on the GIV, and (iv) assembling typhoon disasters of the analogs. Typhoon track, intensity, and landfall date are introduced in GIV at this early development stage. The pre-assessment results show that the mean threat scores of two important damage levels of LTDs reach 0.48 and 0.55, respectively. Of significance is that most of the damage occurs near the typhoon centers around the time of landfall. These results indicate the promising performance of the model in capturing the main damage characteristics of typhoon disasters, which would help coastal community mitigate damage from destructive typhoons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We provide an integrable discretization of the modified Korteweg–de Vries–sine Gordon equation. The discrete form is a coupled system and is derived via the Cauchy matrix approach by introducing suitable discrete plane wave factors. Solutions and a Lax pair are constructed in this approach. The dynamics of some solutions are illustrated. The modified Korteweg–de Vries–sine Gordon equation is recovered in the continuum limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Streptomyces are one of the most prolific sources of bioactive and structurally diverse secondary metabolites for natural product drug discovery. Genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis revealed that the genomes of Streptomyces harbor a wealth of cryptic secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters that could encode novel compounds. In this work, a genome mining approach was employed to investigate the biosynthetic potential of Streptomyces sp. HP-A2021, isolated from rhizosphere soil of Ginkgobiloba L. The complete genome of HP-A2021 was sequenced and contained the 9,607,552 base pair linear chromosome with a GC content of 71.07%. The annotation results revealed the presence of 8534 CDSs, 76 tRNA genes, and 18 rRNA genes in HP-A2021. The highest dDDH and ANI values based on genome sequences between HP-A2021 and the most closely related type strain, Streptomycescoeruleorubidus JCM 4359, were 64.2% and 92.41%, respectively. In total, 33 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters with an average length of 105,594 bp were identified, including the putative thiotetroamide, alkylresorcinol, coelichelin, and geosmin. The antibacterial activity assay confirmed that the crude extracts of HP-A2021 showed potent antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic bacteria. Our study demonstrated that Streptomyces sp. HP-A2021 will propose a potential use in biotechnological and novel bioactive secondary metabolite biosynthetic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Evaluating the impacts of future urban expansion on natural habitats in China is important for achieving sustainable development goals. However, existing models cannot reliably and effectively simulate future urban expansion in China, which causes great uncertainties in evaluating the impacts of future urban expansion on natural habitats. Objectives: The objective of this study was to simulate future urban expansion and evaluate its impacts on natural habitats in China. Methods: First, the Land Use Scenario Dynamics-urban (LUSD-urban) model was improved by coupling localized Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and a convolutional neural network (CNN). Then, urban expansion in China was simulated from 2020 to 2050 by using the improved LUSD-urban model. Finally, we evaluated the potential impacts of future urban expansion on natural habitats. Results: The localized SSPs could more reliably represent future socioeconomic development trends in China, and the CNN could fully extract the multiscale neighborhood information of nonurban pixels. By combining the advantages of the localized SSPs and the CNN, the simulation accuracy of the improved LUSD-urban model increased by 15–32% compared with that of other models. From 2020 to 2050, urban land is projected to increase by 6.84 (3.94–9.03) × 104 km2 and cause a 2.21 (1.23–2.95) × 104 km2 loss of natural habitat. Compared with the 1990–2020 period, the impacts of future urban expansion on natural habitats will intensify. Natural habitat loss during 2020–2050 will be 1.23 (1.22 to 1.64) times greater than that during 1990–2020. In addition, grasslands will experience the most serious losses under the influence of future urban expansion. Conclusions: We suggest that relevant policies be issued to protect important natural habitats during urbanization to achieve Sustainable Development Goals and biodiversity conservation targets in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creeping fat is a typical feature of Crohn's disease. It refers to the expansion of mesenteric adipose tissue around inflamed and fibrotic intestines and is associated with stricture formation and intestinal obstruction. In this study, we characterize creeping fat as pro-adipogenic and pro-fibrotic. Lipidomics analysis of Crohn's disease patients (sixteen males, six females) and healthy controls (five males, ten females) reveals abnormal lipid metabolism in creeping fat. Through scRNA-seq analysis on mesenteric adipose tissue from patients (five males, one female) and healthy controls (two females), we identify a CCL2+DPP4+ subset of mesenchymal stem cells that expands in creeping fat and expedites adipogenic differentiation into dystrophic adipocytes in response to CCL20+CD14+ monocytes and IL-6, leading to the formation of creeping fat. Ex vivo experiments (tissues from five males, one female) confirm that both CCL20+CD14+ monocytes and IL-6 activate DPP4+ mesenchymal stem cells towards a pro-adipogenic phenotype. This study provides a comprehensive investigation of creeping fat formation and offers a conceptual framework for discovering therapeutic targets for treatment of Crohn's disease. Extra-intestinal "creeping fat" is a hallmark of Crohn's disease. Here, using single-cell transcriptomics and lipid metabolomics, the authors identify a subset of mesenchymal stem cells that promote adipogenesis in creeping fat formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research addresses the output tracking of networked high-order fully actuated (NHOFA) systems under random deception attacks in the sensor to networked controller (SNC) and networked controller to actuator (NCA) communication channels, where a Bernoulli process represents the launching success rate of random deception attacks. A successful attack involves the output and control signals being tampered with by the injection of false data. Herein, a predictive sliding-mode control scheme is proposed to achieve the security tracking. In this scheme, a sliding-mode variable is introduced to defend the random deception attacks by enhancing the robustness of closed-loop systems. An incremental HOFA (IHOFA) prediction model is developed using a Diophantine equation as an alternative to the traditional reduced-order prediction model. Through this IHOFA prediction model, the multistep ahead predictions of the sliding-mode variable are constructed to optimize the tracking performance and defense of random deception attacks. By utilizing the Lyapunov function and linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, a sufficient and necessary condition is proposed to ensure stability and high tracking performance of closed-loop NHOFA systems. Herein, an experiment on the tracking control of an air-bearing spacecraft (ABS) simulator is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of the predictive sliding-mode control scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Only verbal pregnancy screening is recommended for post-menarcheal females undergoing pelvic radiographs. In contrast, usually, a urine/serum pregnancy test for pelvic computed tomographic (CT) exams is required out of concern for higher radiation exposure. Objective: To estimate patient-specific fetus absorbed dose to a potentially pregnant minor from an optimized dose CT of the pelvis for femoral version and surgical planning and provide evidence that such examinations of the pelvis can be performed with only verbal pregnancy screening. Methods and methods: A retrospective study was performed on 102 female patients between 12–18 years of age (15.4 ± 2.1 years) who underwent optimized dose CT of the pelvis for orthopedic evaluation of femoral version and surgical planning. Optimized CT exams were performed with weight-adjusted kVp and tube current modulation. Patient-specific dose from the optimized dose CT was calculated using the National Cancer Institute Dosimetry System for CT (NCICT) database by matching each patient to a phantom from the NCI non-reference phantom library based on patient sex, weight, and height. The calculated absorbed uterus dose was used as a surrogate for the fetus dose. Furthermore, patient-specific organ doses were used to estimate the effective dose. The strengths of the linear relationships between the dose metrics and patient characteristics were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients through linear regression. Results: The mean patient-specific effective dose for an optimized dose CT of the pelvis was 0.54 ± 0.20 mSv (range: 0.15–1.22 mSv). The mean estimated absorbed uterine dose was 1.57 ± 0.67 mGy (range: 0.42–4.81 mGy). Both effective dose and estimated uterine dose correlated poorly with patient physical characteristics (R = -0.26; 95% CI: [-0.43, -0.007] for age, R = 0.03; 95% CI: [-0.17, 0.22] for weight) but correlated strongly (R = 0.79, 95% CI: [0.7, 0.85]) with CTDIvol. Conclusion: The estimated fetus dose in case of pregnancy was significantly lower than 20 mGy for urine/serum pregnancy screening, suggesting that the pregnancy screening protocols in minors undergoing optimized dose CT require reassessment and may be safely performed by verbal attestation only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon nanotube (CNT)/epoxy nanocomposites have a great potential of possessing many advanced properties. However, the homogenization of CNT dispersion is still a great challenge in the research field of nanocomposites. This study applied a novel dispersion agent, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), to functionalize CNTs and improve CNT dispersion in epoxy. The effectiveness of the CMC functionalization was compared with mechanical mixing and a commonly used surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (NaDDBS), regarding dispersion, mechanical and corrosion properties of CNT/epoxy nanocomposites with three different CNT concentrations (0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5%). The experimental results of Raman spectroscopy, particle size analysis and transmission electron microscopy showed that CMC functionalized CNTs reduced CNT cluster sizes more efficiently than NaDDBS functionalized and mechanically mixed CNTs, indicating a better CNT dispersion. The peak particle size of CMC functionalized CNTs reduced as much as 54% (0.1% CNT concentration) and 16% (0.3% CNT concentration), compared to mechanical mixed and NaDDBS functionalized CNTs. Because of the better dispersion, it was found by compressive tests that CNT/epoxy nanocomposites with CMC functionalization resulted in 189% and 66% higher compressive strength, 224% and 50% higher modulus of elasticity than those with mechanical mixing and NaDDBS functionalization respectively (0.1% CNT cencentration). In addition, electrochemical corrosion tests also showed that CNT/epoxy nanocomposites with CMC functionalization achieved lowest corrosion rate (0.214 mpy), the highest corrosion resistance (201.031 Ω·cm2), and the lowest porosity density (0.011%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cavitation noise around propellers has many adverse effects. It is still very limited nowadays to inhibit propeller cavitation noise in engineering. In this study, the cavitation noise around a PPTC propeller is simulated using the large eddy simulation (LES) coupled with the porous Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (PFW-H) equation. The investigation aims to find a strategy to suppress cavitation noise and analyze the noise suppression mechanism. The predicted hydrodynamic results agree well with the experimental data and are utilized in the hydroacoustic analysis. The hydroacoustic results indicate that the pseudo-thickness noise dominates the dominant frequency component of the total cavitation noise due to the effect of cavity evolution, which is one of the reasons why the pseudo-thickness noise dominates the total cavitation noise. A method is found to weaken the cavitation noise through ventilation at the generation location of the sheet cavity (SC). It is worth noting that ventilation inhibits the generation and development of SC by changing the pressure distribution on the suction surface of the blade and pushing away the cavities around the ventilation holes. Moreover, cavity evolution noise dominates the fluid volume evolution noise under the ventilated cavitating condition. Ventilation significantly attenuates the vapor volume pulsation and thus the cavity evolution noise, which leads to a reduction in pseudo-thickness noise and total cavitation noise. The ventilation mainly reduces noises at the dominant frequency of the pseudo-thickness noise and the total cavitation noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Cell death plays an important role in tumourigenesis and progression; nevertheless, the clinical significance of cell death-related genes in neuroblastoma remains incompletely understood. Methods: We separately constructed the corresponding risk scores for each of the eight cell death pathways separately and assessed their predictive performance. Through Cox regression analysis, these eight risk scores were integrated to obtain final cell death risk scores (CDRS). We evaluated the predictive performance of CDRS in multiple datasets and compared its accuracy with the clinical characteristics of patients and some existing prognostic models for neuroblastoma. We then explored the differences in immune infiltration between the high and low CDRS groups, and the significance of CDRS on EFS and disease progression. Results: All eight risk scores have high predictive accuracy, with the Immunogenic-RS being the most accurate and the cuproptosis-RS the least accurate. Model genes are mainly enriched in a variety of cancer-related pathways and are closely related to the clinical characteristics. CDRS showed superior and robust predictive performance in multiple datasets and was more accurate than the clinical characteristics of patients and some existing prognostic models for neuroblastoma. High CDRS group featured distinct immune cold tumor profiles and may have poorer immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy. CDRS had significance in predicting EFS and disease progression. Conclusion: We integrated risk scores associated with multiple cell death pathways to develop a high-performing and robust neuroblastoma signature. CDRS was a promising tool that may help with risk assessment and prediction of overall prognosis, and thus improve clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oncolytic virotherapy can lead to tumor lysis and systemic anti-tumor immunity, but the therapeutic potential in humans is limited due to the impaired virus replication and the insufficient ability to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). To solve the above problems, we identified that Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitor Navoximod promoted herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication and HSV-1-mediated oncolysis in tumor cells, making it a promising combination modality with HSV-1-based virotherapy. Thus, we loaded HSV-1 and Navoximod together in an injectable and biocompatible hydrogel (V-Navo@gel) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) virotherapy. The hydrogel formed a local delivery reservoir to maximize the viral replication and distribution at the tumor site with a single-dose injection. Notably, V-Navo@gel improved the disease-free survival time of HCC- bearing mice and protects the mice against tumor recurrence. What's more, V-Navo@gel also showed an effective therapeutic efficacy in the rabbit orthotopic liver cancer model. Mechanistically, we further discovered that our combination strategy entirely reprogramed the TME through single-cell RNA sequencing. All these results collectively indicated that the combination of Navoximod with HSV-1 could boost the viral replication and reshape TME for tumor eradication through the hydrogel reservoir. An injectable and biocompatible hydrogel loaded with both Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitor and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) displays synergistic anti-cancer effects in vivo by remodeling the tumor microenvironment and generating immune memory effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have promising effects on nerve repair due to the differentiation ability to neural cells. Ghrelin has been shown to promote the neural differentiation of ADSCs. This work was designed to explore its underlying mechanism. Herein, we found high expression of LNX2 in ADSCs after neuronal differentiation. Knockdown of LNX2 might block neuronal differentiation of ADSCs, as evidenced by the decreased number of neural-like cells and dendrites per cell, and the reduced expressions of neural markers (including β-Tubulin III, Nestin, and MAP2). We also demonstrated that LNX2 silencing suppressed the nuclear translocation of β-catenin in differentiated ADSCs. Luciferase reporter assay indicated that LNX2 inhibited wnt/β-catenin pathway by reducing its transcriptional activity. In addition, results showed that LNX2 expression was increased by ghrelin, and its inhibition diminished the effects of ghrelin on neuronal differentiation. Altogether, the results suggest that LNX2 is involved in the role of ghrelin to facilitate neuronal differentiation of ADSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motion characteristics between inner and external helical profile rolling processes and between radial-feed and through-feed rolling processes are widely different. To research and establish a phase-difference model of round rolling die (PDMRRD) ensuring the well connection of rolled helical profile by different dies is important to rapid assembly of geometric models in numerical analysis and to reduce the attempting rolling tests in industrial rolling process. The PDMRRD for inner helical profile rolling process with radial-feed was modeled, and the requirements of phase difference among rolling dies for inner and external helical profile rolling processed with through-feed were studied. Based on these, a general PDMRRD for inner and external helical profile rolling processes with radial-feed and through-feed was modeled, which is related to the number of starts of the workpiece, the number of starts of round rolling die (RRD), the number of RRD, and the consistency of the rotational direction for workpiece and RRD during the rolling process. The validity and availability of PDMRRD for inner helical profile rolling process with radial-feed and inner and external helical profile rolling processes with through-feed were verified by using the numerical and experimental methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We establish an infinite family of solutions in terms of elliptic functions of the lattice Boussinesq systems by setting up a direct linearisation scheme, which provides the solution structure for those equations in the elliptic case. The latter, which contains as main structural element a Cauchy kernel on the torus, is obtained from a dimensional reduction of the elliptic direct linearisation scheme of the lattice Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation, which requires the introduction of a novel technical concept, namely the 'elliptic cube root of unity'. Thus, in order to implement the reduction we define, more generally, the notion of elliptic N th root of unity, and discuss some of its properties in connection with a special class of elliptic addition formulae. As a particular concrete application we present the class of elliptic multi-soliton solutions of the lattice Boussinesq systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by profound scarring and poor survival. We investigated the association of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) with chronological age and mortality across racially diverse PF cohorts. LTL measurements among participants with PF stratified by race/ethnicity were assessed in relation to age and all-cause mortality, and compared to controls. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the age-LTL relationship, Cox proportional hazards models were used for hazard ratio estimation, and the Cochran–Armitage test was used to assess quartiles of LTL. Standardized LTL shortened with increasing chronological age; this association in controls was strengthened in PF (R = −0.28; P < 0.0001). In PF, age- and sex-adjusted LTL below the median consistently predicted worse mortality across all racial groups (White, HR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.79–2.72; Black, HR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.05–4.66; Hispanic, HR = 3.40, 95% CI = 1.88–6.14; and Asian, HR = 2.11, 95% CI = 0.55–8.23). LTL associates uniformly with chronological age and is a biomarker predictive of mortality in PF across racial groups. The association of telomere length with age and mortality across racially diverse pulmonary fibrosis populations is unknown. Here, the authors show that leukocyte telomere length associates with chronologic age and is predictive of mortality in pulmonary fibrosis across racial groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sentry buildings have windows that are often open to facilitate communication between personnel. It also provides the possibility for the intrusion of pollutants such as vehicle exhaust emissions. To prevent the intrusion of outdoor pollutants and create an excellent indoor environment, internal circulation with double-attached ventilation (IC-DAV) and external circulation with double-attached ventilation (EC-DAV) are proposed for such buildings, and the isolation effect of two attached ventilation modes on pollutants is compared with that of natural ventilation. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was used to simulate the transportation process and indoor distribution of outdoor pollutants intruding into sentry buildings from the regular openings under different outdoor wind directions, wind velocities, and states of the doors and ventilation modes. The results indicate that the leeward airflow of the three wind directions caused the largest pollutants to invade the room. The amount of pollutants intrusion increased with increasing wind velocity. When the leeward airflow and the windward airflow blow through the building, opening the door increased the amount of pollutants intruding into the room by 3.34 times and 8.85 times, respectively, compared with closing the door. However, the IC-DAV can isolate 81.7% of the pollutants while the EC-DAV can isolate 99.92% of the pollutants as compared with natural ventilation. Applying double attached ventilation mode in buildings can effectively prevent the intrusion of outdoor pollutants into the room, reduce the harm of outdoor pollutants to the health of indoor personnel, and provide a new idea for buildings to improve the indoor air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]