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Background: Inappropriate sleep duration is a potential cause of stroke. But the effect of napping on stroke risk remains controversial and the interaction between night sleep and napping duration remains unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the independent and combined effects of napping and nocturnal sleep duration on stroke. Methods: Subjects were derived from a rural cohort study in Henan. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was applied to identify nap duration and nocturnal sleep duration. Binary logistic regression was employed to indicate the dose–response relationships between naps, nocturnal sleep, total 24-h sleep duration, and stroke. Results: Among the 37,341 participants (14,485 men), 2600 suffered from a stroke. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence level (CI) for stroke in the fully adjusted model were 1.37 (1.13–1.65) for men nappers compared to non-nappers. Compared to 7–8 h of sleep per day, night sleep durations < 6 h and ≥ 9 h and 24-h sleep duration ≥ 10 h were linked to increased odds of stroke in men. The ORs (95%CI) were 1.34 (1.06–1.69) in nocturnal sleep duration < 6 h, 1.30 (1.06–1.59) in nocturnal sleep duration ≥ 9 h, and 1.40 (1.15–1.71) in 24-h sleep duration ≥ 10 h in men. In addition, long naps and prolonged nocturnal sleep duration have a joint effect on stroke in the fully adjusted model. Conclusion: The napping duration and nocturnal sleep duration have independently and jointly effects on stroke in rural populations. More research is required to explore the underlying mechanisms for this relationship. Clinical trial registration: The Henan Rural Cohort Study has been registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Register (Registration number: ChiCTR-OOC-15006699) (http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=11375). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to update the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and explore to identify the susceptible populations. A total of 38208 subjects aged 18 to 79 years were obtained from the Henan Rural Cohort Study (n = 39259). Five criteria (ATP β, IDF, JIS, CDS, EGIR) were used to estimate the prevalence of MetS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of potential risk factors with MetS. The age-standardized prevalence of MetS were 27.87%, 24.63%, 27.40%, 18.00% and 8.91% according to the standard of ATP β, IDF, JIS, CDS, and EGIR, respectively. After adjusted for the potential confounding factors, aging, females, physical activity and the state of drinking were independent risk factors of MetS. MetS is positively associated with stroke and coronary heart disease in all five criteria (P < 0.01). The current data identify a high prevalence of MetS among Chinese rural adults. Especially for aged females with unhealthy lifestyle had a higher risk for MetS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]