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The content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in plant biomass varies. The volume and composition of the synthesis gas obtained from two-stage pyrolysis depend on the feedstock. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of predicting the two-stage pyrolysis characteristics based on the constituent composition of a biomass. Three commercially available components, two real biomass samples, and two synthetic mixtures were studied. Thermogravimetric analysis and one-stage and two-stage pyrolysis of each material were performed. The pyrolysis behavior of real and synthetic biomass samples was compared with predicted characteristics based on the performance of the components and their proportion in the mixture. Different behaviors of the three components during one-stage and two-stage pyrolysis were observed. The composition of the synthesis gas during two-stage pyrolysis agreed well with the calculated values. The overall yield of synthesis gas from real biomass was consistent with that predicted and obtained from synthetic mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]