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This study explored the developmental trajectories of hyperactive behavior in children from low-income families through four follow-up tests, and further explored the specific effects of coping styles and social support on hyperactive behavior development. The study enrolled 400 children from low-income families in Hunan Province, China. Participants (145 boys and 255 girls) ranged in age from 8 to 17 years old, with a mean age of 11.80 ± 1.70 years. The unconditional potential development model revealed that children from low-income families showed a first-fast and then-slow developmental trend in hyperactive behavior, with significant individual differences in onset level and developmental rate. The conditional potential development model revealed that positive coping styles and social support could significantly reduce the level of hyperactivity among children from low-income families, while negative coping styles positively predicted the development of hyperactivity among children from low-income families. This study highlights the nonlinear developmental trend of hyperactive behavior in children from low-income families and provides some insight into the healthy development of economically disadvantaged children. Parents and teachers should be conscious of hyperactive behavior in children from low-income families and foster positive coping strategies to solve problems while providing the children with the guidance or interventions as necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the ecological systems theory, this study examined the multiple risk factors experienced by children from low-income families in China and their subsequent impact on children's psychological adaptation. A cumulative ecological risk questionnaire was constructed to examine the exploratory and descriptive risk factors most commonly exposed to children in families, schools and communities. The study sample consisted of 428 children from low-income families (N = 428; Mage = 12.35, SD = 2.51) from 20 ordinary primary and secondary schools across China. We conducted an exploratory latent class analysis using the responses from the cumulative ecological risk questionnaire. The results showed that a three-group solution fit the data best, with the following breakdown: "low-risk" = 41.1%, "family-risk" = 21.7%, and "school-risk" = 37.2%. The three groups showed significant differences in terms of psychological adaptation. The "low-risk" group exhibited fewer problem behaviors and higher prosocial behavior than the other groups. The "family-risk" group showed more significant adaptation difficulties, while the "school-risk" group showed lower levels of prosocial behavior. The results suggest that the ecological risks experienced by children from low-income families had significant group heterogeneity, which may further affect their psychological adaptation. Highlights: The ecological risks of children from low-income families were heterogeneous and may affect children's psychological adaptation. Latent class analysis favored a three-group solution: low-risk, family-risk, and school-risk groups. The three groups showed significant differences in terms of the children's psychological adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the stability and variation of the indicators of subjective well-being (SWB), the classic Latent State-Trait (LST), Trait-State-Occasion (TSO), and Indicator-Specific Trait (IT) models were employed to evaluate the stability and variability of life satisfaction, positive emotions, and negative emotions. The study was conducted based on a 1-year and three-wave longitudinal study with a sample of 360 college students. The results show the suitability of the IT model. The consistency coefficients ( CO) of all variables are significantly higher than occasion-specificity coefficients ( OSpe) in this model, indicating that stability is a remarkable feature of SWB. Moreover, the consistency coefficients of positive affection and negative affection are much higher than that of life satisfaction, suggesting that the positive and negative emotions of individuals are more stable than life satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]